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Structure and Properties of Lengthy Rails after Extreme Long-Term Operation

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    Book

  • 194 Pages
  • August 2021
  • Materials Research Forum
  • ID: 5332390

The long-term operation of rails has been studied with a focus on (1) the formation and behavior of structural-phase states and nanoscale structures, (2) the modelling of the processes occurring in the surface layers of rails under severe plastic deformation and (3) the methods and techniques for assessing the structural and phase states of rails, internal stresses, and their evolution during the life cycle. The book references 264 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.

About the Authors

Yuriev Anton Alekseevich (Yuriev A. A.) - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Product and Resource Management Manager of JSC EVRAZ ZSMK. Research interests: solid state physics, physical materials science. The results of scientific research are presented in more than 50 publications.

Gromov Viktor Evgenievich (Gromov V. E.) - Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Natural Sciences, Professor V.M. Finkel Siberian State Industrial University. Research interests: physical materials science, physics of strength and plasticity of materials under conditions of external energy influences. The results of scientific research are presented in more than 3700 publications.

Ivanov Yurii Fedorovich (Ivanov Yu. F.) - Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, and Chief Researcher at the Institute of High-Current Electronics SB RAS. Research interests: physical materials science, physics of strength and plasticity of materials under conditions of external energy influences, modification of inorganic materials by charged particle beams and plasma flows. The results of scientific research are presented in more than 3000 publications.

Rubannikova Yuliya Andreevna (Rubannikova Yu. A.) - Postgraduate student of the Department of Natural Sciences, Professor V.M. Finkel Siberian State Industrial University. Research interests: strength and plasticity of materials under conditions of external energy influences. The results of scientific research are presented in more than 60 publications.

Starostenkov Mikhail Dmitrievich (Starostenkov M. D.) - Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Physics at the I.I. Polzunov Altai State Technical University. Research interests: fundamental questions of materials science and condensed matter physics, evolution of defective structures in metals and alloys by computer simulation.

Tabakov Pavel Yaroslavovich (Tabakov P. Y.) - Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, South Africa. Research interests: solid mechanics, composite materials, artificial intelligence, optimization. The results of scientific research are published in more than 80 international journals, conference proceedings and book chapters.


Table of Contents


Introduction
1. Evolution of Structure and Properties of Rails During Operation
1.1 Structural-phase state and properties of rails during long-term operation
1.1.1 Influence of various factors
1.1.2 Formation of nanostructures
1.1.3 White layer on the rolling surface of the rails
1.1.4 Structure and properties of body-hardened worn rails
1.2 Simulation of processes during operation of rails and megaplastic deformation
Conclusion

2. Material and Methods of Research
2.1 Research material
2.2 Methods for studying the structure
2.2.1 Macro and microstructural studies
2.2.2 X-ray structural studies
2.2.3 Electron microscopic examination
2.3 Methods for determining mechanical properties

3. Differentially Hardened Rails: Structure, Phase Composition, and Dislocation SubstructureConclusion
4. Evolution of the Structure and Properties of the Metal of Differentially Hardened Rails in the Process of Operation
4.1 Assessment of the quality of differentially hardened rails
4.1.1 Chemical composition of rail steel
4.1.2 Mechanical properties of rail steel
4.1.3 Macrostructure of rail steel
4.1.5 Microstructure of rail steel after operation [2, 123]
4.2 Phase composition and defective substructure of differentially hardened rails after operation [141-146]
4.3 Gradients of the structural-phase state of steel, formed as a result of the operation of rails [150]
4.4 Transformation of the structure of lamellar pearlite of steel during long-term operation of rails [155, 156]
Conclusion

5. Carbon Re-Distribution in the Structure of Rail Steel after Long-Term OperationConclusion
6. Physical Nature of Hardening of Metal of Differentially Hardened Rails in the Process of Long-Term Operation
6.1 Evolution of mechanical, tribological properties, macro- and microstructure of the surface layer of metal of differentially hardened rails during long-term operation
6.2 Phase composition and defective metal substructure of differentially hardened rails during long-term operation
6.3 Physical nature of rail metal hardening during long-term operation
6.4 Mechanisms for strengthening the metal of rail steel
Conclusion

7. Structural and Phase State of Rails after the Hauled Load of 1411 Million Gross Tons
7.1 Structure of rail metal at macro and micro levels
7.2 Metal structure of rails at submicro- and nanoscale
7.3 Gradient of the rail metal structure after the hauled load of 1,411 million gross tons
Conclusion

8. Physical Nature of Strengthening of Rail Metal after Extremely Long Operation
8.1 Impact strength and hardness
8.2 Microhardness
8.3 Tribological tests of steel
8.4 Physical nature of metal hardening during extremely long-term operation
8.5 Comparative analysis of the structural-phase state and hardening mechanisms at the yield point after the hauled load of 691.8 and 1411 million gross tons

ConclusionAbout the authorsReferences