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Copper is a metallic element that is malleable and ductile. It is a great heat and electrical conductor. Copper is antimicrobial and corrosion resistant. Copper is crucial to a sustainable future because it enables e-mobility and renewable energy sources, accelerates green buildings, electrifies cutting-edge power networks, and reduces hazards in hospitals through antimicrobial surfaces.
As a result, an increase in copper demand in the future years is projected to fuel the expansion of worldwide mined and refined copper output. The global mined copper market by production is expected to reach 24.48 megatons in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 4.5% over the projected period. Similarly, refined copper market by production is expected to reach 28.04 megatons by the year 2023 progressing at a CAGR of 4.0% during the forecasted period. On the other hand, the global copper consumption is estimated to reach 27.60 megatons in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 2.3% during the forecasted period.
Segment Covered
By Mined Copper Production: In terms of mined copper production, the global copper market can be bifurcated into six major regions: Latin America, Asia, Africa, North America, Europe, and Oceania. Latin America accounted for the largest share of the global market for mined copper. Latin American mined copper production has been further analyzed based on three regions: Chile, Peru, and Rest of the Latin America. Chile is the world’s largest producer of copper and has the largest copper reserves. Chile’s production is expected to grow in the coming years owing to the increasing investment in new technologies. In Asia, companies are spending funds on expansion exploration activities to increase copper mine production. Also, significant investment in capacity in Indonesia is expected to boost copper production growth over the outlook period. High global copper prices and rising demand are reigniting investment in exploration in Africa’s copper hotspots, with the DRC and Zambia both attracting significant capital funding. These factors are expected to further increase copper production in Africa.
By Refined Copper Production: The global refined copper market by production has been bifurcated based on the following regions: Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, Africa, and Oceania. Asia held the largest share of around three-fifth of the market, followed by Europe and Latin America. Latin America has been further analyzed based on the following regions: Chile and the rest of Latin America. Chile holds the largest market share for refined copper while, the rest of Latin America is expected to experience the fastest growth, with a significant CAGR in the forthcoming years. In Asia, refined copper production has been examined based on the following regions: China, Japan, India, and Rest of the Asia. India is expected to experience the fastest growth, with highest CAGR in the coming years. Moreover, African government is taking several initiatives which are supporting domestic smelting capacity and mining output, which are likely to help in the growth of African copper production during the forecasted period. African refined copper production has been examined based on the following regions: DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo), and Rest of the Africa. DRC held the largest market share of refined copper.
By Consumption: The report further delivers a glimpse of the consumption of copper around the world, which has been segmented into following regions: Asia, the EU, the US, Latin America, and the Rest of the World. Many companies are shifting to copper by replacing aluminum in producing robots' internal parts, high-speed computers, home appliances, and telecommunication applications, which is contributing to copper consumption. Asian copper consumption has been further segmented based on the following regions: China, Japan, South Korea, India, Taiwan, and Rest of the Asia. China held the maximum share in the market, while the rest of Asia is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the coming years. China’s switch to renewable energy systems is likely to be a key driver of the copper demand. In the US, the demand for EVs is on an increasing trend. Since, electric vehicles (EVs) contain more copper than conventional vehicles due to additional wiring, the electric motor, and the battery, the consumption of copper is expected to be increasing in the coming years.
By First-Use: On the basis of first use, the global copper market consumption is further bifurcated into following categories: Wire rods, Flat-rolled Products, Tubes, and RBS & Others. The wire rods held the major share of the global copper market consumption. Copper rod is intended for the production of electrical products. The rolled wire is produced according to modern technology by continuous casting and rolling. Owing to the increasing manufacturing of electrical products, the consumption of wire rods is expected to increase in the coming years.
By End-Use: The global copper market consumption has also been segmented based on the end-use: Construction, Electrical Network, Consumer & General, Industrial Machinery, and Transport. Construction held the highest share of the global copper market consumption owing to the increasing construction activities around the world. Copper and its alloys, such as architectural bronze, are used in a variety of settings to build facades, canopies, doors, and window frames.
Top Impacting Factors
Growth Drivers
- Rising Copper Annual Capacity in Renewable Energy
- Growing Use of Copper in Smart Home Applications
- Expansion of Construction Industry
- Increasing Manufacturing of Electrical Equipment
Challenges
- Decline in Copper Ore Grades
- Challenges of More Mineral Waste from the Copper Industry
Trends
- Upsurge in the Copper Consumption in Passenger Vehicles
- New Copper Mine Projects in Pipeline
Driver: Rising Copper Annual Capacity in Renewable Energy
The generation of renewable energy sources is growing faster, particularly solar and wind farms that use much larger volumes of copper than conventional thermal power generators. The renewable energy sector has chosen to use copper in solar and wind farm applications, rather than inferior conductive materials because it is the best nonprecious conductor of heat and electricity, which is essential to the efficient generation and delivery of electricity. As the use of copper in solar and wind sectors is growing, it is leading to the rising annual capacity of copper in renewable energy, which is likely to promote the growth of the global copper market.
Challenge: Decline in Copper Ore Grades
Demand for copper has increased dramatically over the last few decades. At present, the global average copper ore grade for copper mines is approximately 0.62% of Cu content and this number is expected to decrease as mines with higher ore grades become exhausted. The concern over the future availability of copper is on the rise. With the gradual decrease in the grade of copper ores, copper concentrates have become more complex with higher impurity and gangue content. This could have a detrimental effect on smelters as they have to increase throughput to maintain copper metal production, while increasing operating costs due to processing the increased amounts of secondary products (slag, acid) and stabilizing waste streams, affecting the overall copper mine production and thereby hindering the copper market.
Trend: Upsurge in the Copper Consumption in Passenger Vehicles
The global copper consumption in passenger EVs and the global copper consumption in passenger ICEs cars is increasing. Copper is used in every major component of EVs and ICEs cars, from the motor to the inverter and the electrical wiring. However, EVs would use more copper as compared to the ICEs cars in coming years, due to the growing size of their market. As there are no viable alternatives to copper, its consumption is expected to grow faster in EVs, as compared to ICEs cars, during 2020-2025, which is likely to help in the growth of the global copper market globally.
The COVID-19 Analysis
Copper mine production around the world dived in the first half of 2020, as the pandemic disrupted operations and metal demand patterns. Production cut in the copper mines due to the restriction on mining operations has significantly impacted the copper refining activities at factories. However, as the restrictions eased, the mines started opening which led to an increase in overall copper production in the year 2020. Additionally, global refined copper production climbed in 2020 as compared to 2019 despite brief smelter shutdowns for maintenance and upgrades affecting output in several nations, particularly due to an increase in copper production in China. Moreover, among the biggest copper-using regions, copper usage fell in Japan, the European Union, and the US, which led to a slowdown in copper consumption globally. However, global copper consumption increased due to higher demand from China’s construction sector.
Analysis of Key Players
The global copper market is fragmented with many players holding an insignificant share of the market. The key players in the global copper market are Glencore, Codelco, Anglo American Plc, Freeport-McMoRan Inc., BHP Group Limited, First Quantum Minerals Ltd., KGHM Polska Miedz S.A., Rio Tinto Group, Aurubis AG, Antofagasta Plc, Jiangxi Copper Company Limited, Grupo México (Southern Copper Corporation), and Norilsk Nickel.
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Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction
2.1 Copper: An Analysis
2.1.1 Introduction to Copper
2.2 Copper Segmentation: An Analysis
2.2.1 Copper Segmentation by First-Use
2.2.2 Copper Segmentation by End-Use
3. Production Analysis
3.1 Global Copper Market by Production: An Analysis
3.1.1 Global Copper Market by Production: An Overview
3.1.2 Global Mined Copper Market by Production
3.1.3 Global Mined Copper Market Production by Region (Latin America, Asia, Africa, North America, Europe, and Oceania)
3.1.4 Global Refined Copper Market by Production
3.1.5 Global Refined Copper Market Production by Region (Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, Africa, and Oceania)
3.2 Latin America Copper Market by Production: An Analysis
3.2.1 Latin America Copper Market by Production: An Overview
3.2.2 Latin America Mined Copper Market by Production
3.2.3 Latin America Mined Copper Market Production by Region (Chile, Peru, and Rest of the Latin America)
3.2.4 Chile Mined Copper Market by Production
3.2.5 Peru Mined Copper Market by Production
3.2.6 Rest of Latin America Mined Copper Market by Production
3.2.7 Latin America Refined Copper Market by Production
3.2.8 Latin America Refined Copper Market Production by Region (Chile and Rest of the Latin America)
3.2.9 Chile Refined Copper Market by Production
3.2.10 Rest of Latin America Refined Copper Market by Production
3.3 Asia Copper Market by Production: An Analysis
3.3.1 Asia Copper Market by Production: An Overview
3.3.2 Asia Mined Copper Market by Production
3.3.3 Asia Mined Copper Market Production by Region (China, Indonesia, and Rest of the Asia)
3.3.4 China Mined Copper Market by Production
3.3.5 Indonesia Mined Copper Market by Production
3.3.6 Rest of Asia Mined Copper Market by Production
3.3.7 Asia Refined Copper Market by Production
3.3.8 Asia Refined Copper Market Production by Region (China, Japan, India, and Rest of the Asia)
3.3.9 China Refined Copper Market by Production
3.3.10 Japan Refined Copper Market by Production
3.3.11 India Refined Copper Market by Production
3.3.12 Rest of Asia Refined Copper Market by Production
3.4 Africa Copper Market by Production: An Analysis
3.4.1 Africa Copper Market by Production: An Overview
3.4.2 Africa Mined Copper Market by Production
3.4.3 Africa Mined Copper Market Production by Region (DRC and Rest of the Africa)
3.4.4 DRC Mined Copper Market by Production
3.4.5 Rest of Africa Mined Copper Market by Production
3.4.6 Africa Refined Copper Market by Production
3.4.7 Africa Refined Copper Market Production by Region (DRC and Rest of the Africa)
3.4.8 DRC Refined Copper Market by Production
3.4.9 Rest of Africa Refined Copper Market by Production
3.5 North America Copper Market by Production: An Analysis
3.5.1 North America Copper Market by Production: An Overview
3.5.2 North America Mined Copper Market by Production
3.5.3 North America Refined Copper Market by Production
3.6 Europe Copper Market by Production: An Analysis
3.6.1 Europe Copper Market by Production: An Overview
3.6.2 Europe Mined Copper Market by Production
3.6.3 Europe Refined Copper Market by Production
3.7 Oceania Copper Market by Production: An Analysis
3.7.1 Oceania Copper Market by Production: An Overview
3.7.2 Oceania Mined Copper Market by Production
3.7.3 Oceania Refined Copper Market by Production
4. Consumption Analysis
4.1 Global Copper Market by Consumption: An Analysis
4.1.1 Global Copper Market by Consumption: An Overview
4.1.2 Global Copper Market by Consumption
4.1.3 Global Copper Market Consumption by First-Use (Wire rod, Flat-rolled Products, Tubes, and RBS & Others)
4.1.4 Global Copper Market Consumption by End-Use (Construction, Electrical Network, Consumer & General, Industrial Machinery, and Transport)
4.1.5 Global Copper Market Consumption by Region (Asia, EU, The US, Latin America, and Rest of the World)
4.2 Asia Copper Market by Consumption: An Analysis
4.2.1 Asia Copper Market by Consumption: An Overview
4.2.2 Asia Copper Market by Consumption
4.2.3 Asia Copper Market Consumption by Region (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Taiwan, and Rest of the Asia)
4.2.4 China Copper Market by Consumption
4.2.5 Japan Copper Market by Consumption
4.2.6 South Korea Copper Market by Consumption
4.2.7 India Copper Market by Consumption
4.2.8 Taiwan Copper Market by Consumption
4.2.9 Rest of Asia Copper Market by Consumption
4.3 EU Copper Market by Consumption: An Analysis
4.3.1 EU Copper Market by Consumption: An Overview
4.3.2 EU Copper Market by Consumption
4.4 The US Copper Market by Consumption: An Analysis
4.4.1 The US Copper Market by Consumption: An Overview
4.4.2 The US Copper Market by Consumption
4.5 Latin America Copper Market by Consumption: An Analysis
4.5.1 Latin America Copper Market by Consumption: An Overview
4.5.2 Latin America Copper Market by Consumption
4.6 Rest of World Copper Market by Consumption: An Analysis
4.6.1 Rest of World Copper Market by Consumption: An Overview
4.6.2 Rest of World Copper Market by Consumption
5. Impact of COVID-19
5.1 Impact of COVID-19 on Copper Market
5.1.1 Impact on Copper Mining
5.1.2 Impact on Copper Demand and Supply
5.1.3 Impact on Copper Price
5.2 Post COVID Impact on Copper Market
6. Market Dynamics
6.1 Growth Drivers
6.1.1 Rising Copper Annual Capacity in Renewable Energy
6.1.2 Growing Use of Copper in Smart Home Applications
6.1.3 Expansion of Construction Industry
6.1.4 Growing Demand From Power Electronics
6.1.5 Growth in Scrap Copper Supply
6.1.6 Increasing Manufacturing of Electrical Equipment
6.2 Challenges
6.2.1 Decline in Copper Ore Grades
6.2.2 Challenges of More Mineral Waste from the Copper Industry
6.3 Market Trends
6.3.1 Upsurge in the Copper Consumption in Passenger Vehicles
6.3.2 New Copper Mine Projects in Pipeline
7. Competitive Landscape
7.1 Global Copper Mine Production Players by Market Share
7.2 Global Copper Mine Market Players By Production Capacity
7.3 Global Refined Copper Production Players by Market Share
7.4 Global Refined Copper Market Players By Production Capacity
8. Company Profiles
8.1 Codelco
8.1.1 Business Overview
8.1.2 Revenues by Product
8.1.3 Business Strategy
8.2 Glencore
8.2.1 Business Overview
8.2.2 Operating Segments
8.2.3 Business Strategy
8.3 BHP Group Limited
8.3.1 Business Overview
8.3.2 Operating Segments
8.3.3 Business Strategy
8.4 Anglo American Plc
8.4.1 Business Overview
8.4.2 Operating Segments
8.4.3 Business Strategy
8.5 Freeport-McMoRan Inc.
8.5.1 Business Overview
8.5.2 Operating Segments
8.5.3 Business Strategy
8.6 First Quantum Minerals Ltd.
8.6.1 Business Overview
8.6.2 Operating Segments
8.6.3 Business Strategy
8.7 KGHM Polska Miedz S.A.
8.7.1 Business Overview
8.7.2 Revenues by Product
8.7.3 Business Strategy
8.8 Antofagasta Plc
8.8.1 Business Overview
8.8.2 Revenue by Division
8.8.3 Business Strategy
8.9 Rio Tinto Group
8.9.1 Business Overview
8.9.2 Revenue by Product
8.9.3 Business Strategy
8.10 Aurubis AG
8.10.1 Business Overview
8.10.2 Revenue by Product
8.10.3 Business Strategy
8.11 Norilsk Nickel
8.11.1 Business Overview
8.11.2 Operating Segments
8.11.3 Business Strategy
8.12 Grupo México (Southern Copper Corporation)
8.12.1 Business Overview
8.12.2 Sales by Division
8.13 Jiangxi Copper Company Limited
8.13.1 Business Overview
8.13.2 Business Strategy
List of Charts
- Copper Segmentation by First-Use
- Copper Segmentation by End-Use
- Global Mined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Global Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Global Mined Copper Market Production by Region; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Global Refined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Global Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Global Refined Copper Market Production by Region; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Latin America Mined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Latin America Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Latin America Mined Copper Market Production by Region; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Chile Mined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Megatons)
- Chile Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Peru Mined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Megatons)
- Peru Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Rest of Latin America Mined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Kilotons)
- Rest of Latin America Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Latin America Refined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Latin America Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Latin America Refined Copper Market Production by Region; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Chile Refined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Megatons)
- Chile Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Rest of Latin America Refined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021(Kilotons)
- Rest of Latin America Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Kilotons)
- Asia Mined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Asia Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Asia Mined Copper Market Production by Region; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- China Mined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Megatons)
- China Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Indonesia Mined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Kilotons)
- Indonesia Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Rest of Asia Mined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Megatons)
- Rest of Asia Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Asia Refined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Asia Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Asia Refined Copper Market Production by Region; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- China Refined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Megatons)
- China Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Japan Refined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Megatons)
- Japan Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- India Refined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Kilotons)
- India Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Kilotons)
- Rest of Asia Refined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Megatons)
- Rest of Asia Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Africa Mined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Africa Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Africa Mined Copper Market Production by Region; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- DRC Mined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Megatons)
- DRC Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Rest of Africa Mined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Megatons)
- Rest of Africa Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Africa Refined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Africa Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Africa Refined Copper Market Production by Region; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- DRC Refined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Kilotons)
- DRC Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Rest of Africa Refined Copper Market by Production; 2019-2021 (Kilotons)
- Rest of Africa Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Kilotons)
- North America Mined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- North America Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- North America Refined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- North America Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Europe Mined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Europe Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Europe Refined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Europe Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Oceania Mined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Oceania Mined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Kilotons)
- Oceania Refined Copper Market by Production; 2017-2021 (Kilotons)
- Oceania Refined Copper Market by Production; 2022-2027 (Kilotons)
- Global Copper Market by Consumption; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Global Copper Market by Consumption; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Global Copper Market Consumption by First-Use; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Global Copper Market Consumption by End-Use; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Global Copper Market Consumption by Region; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Asia Copper Market by Consumption; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- Asia Copper Market by Consumption; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Asia Copper Market Consumption by Region; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- China Copper Market by Consumption; 2019-2021 (Megatons)
- China Copper Market by Consumption; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Japan Copper Market by Consumption; 2019-2021 (Kilotons)
- Japan Copper Market by Consumption; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- South Korea Copper Market by Consumption; 2019-2021 (Kilotons)
- South Korea Copper Market by Consumption; 2022-2027 (Kilotons)
- India Copper Market by Consumption; 2019-2021 (Kilotons)
- India Copper Market by Consumption; 2022-2027 (Kilotons)
- Taiwan Copper Market by Consumption; 2019-2021 (Kilotons)
- Taiwan Copper Market by Consumption; 2022-2027 (Kilotons)
- Rest of Asia Copper Market by Consumption; 2019-2021 (Megatons)
- Rest of Asia Copper Market by Consumption; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- EU Copper Market by Consumption; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- EU Copper Market by Consumption; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- The US Copper Market by Consumption; 2017-2021 (Megatons)
- The US Copper Market by Consumption; 2022-2027 (Megatons)
- Latin America Copper Market by Consumption; 2017-2021 (Kilotons)
- Latin America Copper Market by Consumption; 2022-2027 (Kilotons)
- Rest of World Copper Market by Consumption; 2017-2021 (Kilotons)
- Rest of World Copper Market by Consumption; 2022-2027 (Kilotons)
- Global Copper Annual Capacity in Renewable Energy; 2021-2025 (Kilotons)
- Global Copper Consumption in Smart Home Applications; 2020-2025 (Million Tons)
- Global Construction Market Size; 2020-2030 (US$ Trillion)
- Global Copper Demand From Power Electronics; 2020-2030 (Kilotons)
- Global Refined and Smelted Scrap Copper Supply; 2017-2022 (Kilotons)
- The US Electrical Equipment Manufacturing Market Revenue; 2018-2022 (US$ Billion)
- Global Copper Consumption in EVs and ICE Passenger Vehicles; 2020 & 2025 (Million Tons)
- Global Copper Mine Production Players by Market Share; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Global Refined Copper Production Players by Market Share; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Codelco Revenues by Product; 2022 (Percentage, %)
- Glencore Revenue by Segment; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- BHP Group Limited Revenue by Segment; 2022 (Percentage, %)
- Anglo American Plc Revenue by Segment; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Freeport-McMoRan Inc. Revenues by Segment; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- First Quantum Minerals Ltd. Sales Revenues by Segment; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. Revenues by Product; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Antofagasta Plc Revenue by Division; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Rio Tinto Group Revenue by Product; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Aurubis AG Revenues by Product; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Norilsk Nickel Revenue by Segment; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- Grupo México Sales by Division; 2021 (Percentage, %)
- List of Tables
- Top Ten Copper Mine Projects; 2021/2022
- Global Copper Mine Market Players By Production Capacity; 2021 (Thousand metric tonnes)
Global Refined Copper Market Players By Production Capacity; 2021 (Thousand metric tonnes)
Companies Mentioned
- Anglo American Plc
- Antofagasta Plc
- Aurubis AG
- BHP Group Limited
- Codelco
- First Quantum Minerals Ltd.
- Freeport-McMoRan Inc
- Glencore
- Grupo México (Southern Copper Corporation)
- Jiangxi Copper Company Limited
- KGHM Polska Miedz S.A
- Norilsk Nickel
- Rio Tinto Group
Table Information
| Report Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| No. of Pages | 177 |
| Published | October 2023 |
| Forecast Period | 2021 - 2025 |
| Estimated Market Value ( Tonnes | Tonnes 24.59 Million |
| Forecasted Market Value ( Tonnes | Tonnes 27.61 Million |
| Compound Annual Growth Rate | 2.9% |
| Regions Covered | Global |
| No. of Companies Mentioned | 13 |
