Herbal Medicine: Back to the Future compiles expert reviews on the application of herbal medicines (including Ayurveda, Chinese traditional medicines and alternative therapies) to treat different ailments. The book series demonstrates the use of sophisticated methods to understand traditional medicine, while providing readers a glimpse into the future of herbal medicine.
This volume presents reviews of plant based therapies useful for treating different infectious diseases. The list of topics includes some niche reviews in this area including a review of the neem plant, the historical use of herbs in infectious disease therapy in Russia, and natural remedies from garlic, among other topics.,
The topics included in this volume are:
- Improving anti-microbial activity of allicin and carvacrol through stabilized analogs and nanotechnology
- Plant phenolics as an alternative source of antimicrobial compounds
- Herbal medicine in Russia’s history: the use of herbal medicine for infectious diseases in Russia’s history
- Azadirachta indica (neem) in various infectious diseases
- Contribution of novel delivery systems in the development of phytotherapeutics
This volume is essential reading for all researchers in the field of natural product chemistry and pharmacology. Medical professionals involved in internal medicine who seek to improve their knowledge about herbal medicine and alternative therapies for tropical and other infectious diseases will also benefit from the contents of the volume.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Improving Anti-Microbial Activity of Allicin and Carvacrol Through Stabilized Analogs and Nanotechnology
- Diana R. Cundell
- General Introduction
- Allicin (From Garlic Allium Sativum L.)
- Introduction
- Proposed Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Action for Allicin
- Biofilm Disrupting Effects of Allicin
- Cysteine-Proteases as Major Targets for Allicin
- Allicin Targets Bacterial Cysteine-Containing Toxins and Alpha Toxins
- Allicin Affects Microtubule Polymerization
- Allicin Inhibits Ergosterol Transport in Yeasts
- Allicin Binds to Docking Receptors Preventing Viral Entry and Gene Synthesis
- Spectrum of Allicin's Antimicrobial Activity
- Antibacterial
- Antifungal
- Anti-Protozoal and Anti-Helminthic
- Anti-Viral
- Semi-Synthetic Allicin Analogs
- Nanoparticle and Immobilized Allicin Studies
- Carvacrol (From Oregano Origanum Vulgare L.)
- Introduction
- Proposed Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Action for Carvacrol
- Biofilm Disrupting Effects of Carvacrol
- Oxidative Stress Effects of Carvacrol
- Carvacrol Inhibits Flagellar Gene Expression
- Carvacrol Decreases Cell Membrane Ergosterol and Cholesterol Levels
- Carvacrol Affects Viral Particle Replication
- Other Possible Carvacrol Activities
- Spectrum of Carvacrol's Antimicrobial Activity
- Antibacterial Activity
- Antifungal
- Anti-Protozoal and Anti-Helminthic
- Antiviral
- Semi-Synthetic Analogs of Carvacrol
- Nanoparticle and Immobilized Carvacrol Studies
- Discussion and Future Directions
- Topical Agents
- Novel Drug Candidates
- Combinatorial Therapies
- Packaging Materials
- Fish and Animal Agents
- Final Thoughts
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowldegements
- References
Chapter 2 Plant Phenolics as an Alternative Source of Antimicrobial
- Compounds
- Inamullah Hakeem Said and Nikolai Kuhnert
- Introduction
- Plant as Source of Anti-Infective Agents
- Polyphenols
- Occurrence, Structures and Functions of Significant Polyphenols
- Flavonoids
- Phenolic Acids
- Tannins
- Stilbenes and Lignans
- Biosynthesis of Polyphenols
- Bioavailability, Uptake and Metabolism of Polyphen- Ols by Gut
- Microbiota
- Antibacterial Activity of Polyphenols
- Antibacterial Activity of Flavonols
- Antibacterial Activity of Flavan-3-Ols
- Antibacterial Activity of Flavanones
- Antibacterial Activity Flavones
- Antibacterial Activity of Isoflavones
- Antibacterial Activity of Phenolic Acids
- Antibacterial Activity of Tannins
- Antibacterial Activity of Stilbenes
- Antiviral Activity of Flavonoid and Non-Flavonoid Compounds
- Antiviral Activity of Flavonols
- Antiviral Activity of Flavones
- Antiviral Activity of Flavan-3-Ols
- Antiviral Activity of Flavanones
- Antiviral Activity of Other Phenolic Compounds
- Concluding Remarks
- Conflict of Interest
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 3 Herbal Medicine in Russia's History: The Use of Herbal
- Medicine for Infectious Diseases in Russia's History
- Mary Schaeffer Conroy
- Introduction
- Herbal Medicines in Russian History
- Early Russia: Selected Use of Global Remedies in Health Care
- Use of Herbs for Infectious Diseases in Early Russia
- Muscovite Russia: 14Th Century Through the 17Th Century: Centralization and Globalization of Pharmacy
- Pandemics and Epidemics of Infectious Diseases in Russia: Herbal and Other Remedies
- Botanicals in the Imperial Period: 18Th and 19Th Centuries to 1917
- Centralized Control Over the Pharmaceutical Sector and Botanicals
- Scientific Research of the 18Th and Early 19Th Centuries on Botanicals Used Against
- Infectious Diseases, Including Plants Used in Popular Medicine (Narodnaia
- Meditsina) by Russians and Non-Russian Inhabitants of the Russian Empire
- Scientific Research on Botanicals in the Second Half of the 19Th Century and Early 20th Century
- Plant-Based Pharmaceuticals Versus Chemically Synthesized Pharmaceuticals in The
- Treatment of Infectious Diseases in Late Imperial Russia - 1880S to 1917
- World War I: Medicines for Infectious Diseases
- The Soviet Period
- The Civil War and Infectious Disease Epidemics in Belarus, 1922-1923
- The “New Economic Policy” of the 1920S and the Five-Year Plans, 1928 -1930S
- A Return to Popular Medicine and Botanicals During the Five-Year Plans
- Popular Medicine and Botanicals During the Second World War, 1939-1945, for Infectious
- Diseases
- Herbals Against Infectious Diseases in the Second Half of the 20th Century and in the Post-Soviet 21St Century
- Problems in the Pharmaceutical Industry
- Rebirth of Phytotherapy on a Sound, Scientific, Standardized Foundation
- Conclusion
- Conflict of Interest
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 4 Azadirachta Indica (Neem) in Various Infectious Diseases
- Monica Joshi and Bala Prabhakar
- Introduction
- Azadirachta Indica (Neem)
- Extraction
- Phytochemical Constituents
- Azadirachtin
- Nimbin
- Salannin
- Characterization of Phytoconstituents of Neem
- Role of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) in Various Infectious Diseases
- Antibacterial Activity
- Antiviral Activity
- Antifungal Activity
- Antimalarial Activity
- Toxicological Study of Neem
- Clinical Studies on Neem
- Nanoformulations of Neem
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 5 Contribution of Novel Delivery Systems in The
- Development of Phytotherapeutics
- Rabab Kamel
- Introduction
- Novel Herbal Drug Delivery Systems
- Scaffolds
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Based on Nanotechnology
- Polymer-Based Nanoparticles
- Lipid-Based Nanoparticles
- Vesicular Nanoparticles
- Nanoemulsions
- Micellar Nanoparticles
- Hybrid Nanoparticles
- Conclusion
- Conflict of Interest
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
- References
Author
- Ferid Murad
- Atta-ur-Rahman
- Ka Bian
