Molecular Diagnostics for Infectious Disease By Syndrome, Plex, Place and by Country. With Analysis and Executive Guides. 2023-2027

Table of Contents

1 Market Guides 
1.1 Strategic Situation Analysis and Impact of COVID-19. 
1.2 Guide for Executives, Marketing, Sales and Business Development Staff 
1.3 Guide for Management Consultants and Investment Advisors 

2 Introduction and Market Definition 
2.1 What are Molecular Diagnostics? 
2.2 The Diagnostics Revolution 
2.3 Market Definition 
2.3.1 Revenues
2.4 Methodology 
2.4.1 Authors 
2.4.2 Sources 
2.5 Perspective: Healthcare, the IVD Industry, and the COVID-19 Pandemic 
2.5.1 Global Healthcare Spending 
2.5.2 Spending on Diagnostics 
2.5.3 Important Role of Insurance for Diagnostics 

3 The Infectious Diseases - Market Analysis by Disease 
3.1 HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (AIDS) 
3.1.1 Virology 
3.1.1.1 Classification 
3.1.1.2 Structure and genome 
3.1.1.3 Tropism 
3.1.1.4 Replication cycle 
3.1.1.5 Genetic variability 
3.1.2 Diagnosis 
3.1.3 Testing 
3.1.3.1 Antibody tests 
3.1.3.2 Point of Care Tests (POCT) 
3.1.3.3 Antigen Tests 
3.1.3.4 Nucleic acid-based tests (NAT) 
3.1.3.5 Other tests used in HIV treatment 
3.1.4 Market Opportunity Analysis 
3.2 HBV - Hepatitis B
3.2.1 Virology 
3.2.1.1 Genome 
3.2.1.2 Pathogenesis 
3.2.1.3 Hepatitis B virus replication 
3.2.1.4 Serotypes and genotypes 
3.2.2 Mechanisms 
3.2.3 Diagnosis 
3.2.4 Market Opportunity Analysis 
3.3 HCV - Hepatitis C 
3.3.1 Taxonomy 
3.3.2 Structure 
3.3.2.1 Genome 
3.3.3 Molecular biology 
3.3.4 Replication 
3.3.5 Genotypes 
3.3.5.1 Clinical importance 
3.3.6 Market Opportunity Analysis 
3.4 HPV - Human papillomavirus 
3.4.1 Virology 
3.4.1.1 E6/E7 proteins 
3.4.1.2 Role in cancer 
3.4.1.3 E2 research 
3.4.1.4 Latency period 
3.4.1.5 Clearance 
3.4.2 Diagnosis 
3.4.2.1 Cervical testing 
3.4.2.2 Oral testing 
3.4.2.3 Testing men 
3.4.2.4 Other testing 
3.4.3 Market Opportunity Analysis 
3.5 Influenza 
3.5.1 Virology 
3.5.1.1 Types of virus 
3.5.1.2 Influenzavirus A 
3.5.1.3 Influenzavirus B 
3.5.1.4 Influenzavirus C 
3.5.1.5 Structure, properties, and subtype nomenclature 
3.5.1.6 Replication 
3.5.2 Testing 
3.5.2.1 Advantages/Disadvantages of Molecular Assays 
3.5.3 Market Opportunity Analysis 
3.6 CTGC - Chlamydia/Gonorhea 
3.6.1 Gonorrhea 
3.6.1.1 Diagnosis 
3.6.1.2 Screening 
3.6.2 Chlamydia 
3.6.2.1 Diagnosis 
3.6.2.2 Screening 
3.6.3 Testing 
3.6.3.1 Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). 
3.6.3.2 Performance of NAAT Tests 
3.6.4 Market Opportunity Analysis 
3.7 Tuberculosis 
3.7.1 Mycobacteria 
3.7.2 Diagnosis 
3.7.2.1 Active tuberculosis 
3.7.2.2 Latent tuberculosis 
3.7.3 Epidemiology 
3.7.4 Molecular Diagnostic Tests 
3.7.5 Market Opportunity Analysis 
3.8 MRSA - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 
3.8.1 Diagnosis 
3.8.2 FDA Approved Molecular Tests 
3.8.3 Market Opportunity Analysis 
3.9 VRE - Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 
3.9.1 FDA Approved MDx Tests for VRE 
3.9.2 Market Opportunity Analysis 
3.10 Blood Screening 
3.10.1 Collection and Testing 
3.10.2 FDA Approved Multiplex Assays 
3.10.3 Market Opportunity Analysis 
3.11 COVID-19 
3.11.1 Signs and symptoms 
3.11.2 Transmission 
3.11.3 Diagnosis 
3.11.4 Prevention 
3.11.5 Management 
3.11.6 Prognosis 
3.12 Pandemic Diagnostics 
3.12.1 Risk Management - Spark and Spread 
3.12.2 Dx Technology - Nucleic Acid Based 
3.12.3 Dx Technology - Immunoassay & Serology 
3.12.4 Time to Market and Preparedness Issues 
3.12.5 Unrecognized Role of Multiplex in Pandemic Management

4 Industry Overview 
4.1 Players in a Dynamic Market
4.1.1 Academic Research Lab 
4.1.2 Diagnostic Test Developer 
4.1.3 Instrumentation Supplier 
4.1.4 Distributor and Reagent Supplier 
4.1.5 Independent Testing Lab 
4.1.6 Public National/regional lab 
4.1.7 Hospital lab 
4.1.8 Physician Office Labs 
4.1.9 Audit Body 
4.1.10 Certification Body
4.2 The Clinical Laboratory Market Segments 
4.2.1 Traditional Market Segmentation
4.2.2 Laboratory Focus and Segmentation 
4.3 Industry Structure 
4.3.1 Hospital Testing Share 
4.3.2 Economies of Scale 
4.3.2.1 Hospital vs. Central Lab 
4.3.3 Physician Office Lab’s 
4.3.4 Physicians and POCT 

5 Profiles of Key MDx Companies 
5.1 1928 Diagnostics
5.2 Abacus Diagnostica 
5.3 Abbott Laboratories
5.4 Accelerate Diagnostics
5.5 Access Bio
5.6 Ador Diagnostics  
5.7 ADT Biotech  
5.8 Akonni Biosystems 
5.9 Altona Diagnostics
5.10 Alveo Technologies  
5.11 Anatolia Geneworks 
5.12 Anitoa 
5.13 Antelope Dx  
5.14 Applied BioCode  
5.15 Assurance Scientific Laboratories
5.16 Aureum Diagnostics
5.17 Aus Diagnostics 
5.18 Beckman Coulter Diagnostics
5.19 Becton, Dickinson and Company  
5.20 Binx Health 
5.21 Biocartis
5.22 BioFire Diagnostics (bioMérieux)
5.23 bioMérieux Diagnostics 
5.24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
5.25 Bosch Healthcare Solutions GmbH
5.26 Celemics
5.27 Cepheid (Danaher)
5.28 Chembio
5.29 Co Diagnostics
5.30 Credo Diagnostics Biomedical
5.31 Cue Health 
5.32 Curetis N.V. / Curetis GmbH 
5.33 Detect
5.34 Diagenode Diagnostics
5.35 Diascopic  
5.36 Diasorin S.p.A.
5.37 Domus Diagnostics
5.38 Eiken Chemical 
5.39 Element Biosciences 
5.40 Enzo Biochem
5.41 Eurofins Scientific  
5.42 Fluxergy
5.43 Fulgent Genetics  
5.44 Fusion Genomics.
5.45 Genedrive
5.46 Genetic Signatures
5.47 GenMark Dx (Roche)
5.48 Genomadix
5.49 Grifols
5.50 Grip Molecular Technologies  
5.51 Hibergene Diagnostics.
5.52 Hologic  
5.53 Illumina  
5.54 Immunexpress
5.55 Inflammatix
5.56 Invetech 
5.57 Janssen Diagnostics
5.58 Karius
5.59 Lexagene  
5.60 LightDeck Diagnostics
5.61 Lucira Health
5.62 Luminex Corp (DiaSorin)  
5.63 LumiraDx
5.64 Lumos Diagnostics 
5.65 Mammoth Biosciences 
5.66 Maxim Biomedical
5.67 Meridian Bioscience
5.68 Mesa Biotech (Thermo Fisher)
5.69 MicroGem
5.70 Millipore Sigma
5.71 Mindray
5.72 Minute Molecular
5.73 Mobidiag (Hologic)  
5.74 Molbio Diagnostics
5.75 NanoDx
5.76 Nanomix 
5.77 Novacyt 
5.78 Novel Microdevices
5.79 OnsiteGene  
5.80 Operon  
5.81 Oxford Nanopore Technologies
5.82 Panagene
5.83 Pathogenomix  
5.84 Perkin Elmer
5.85 Prenetics 
5.86 Primerdesign (Novacyt)
5.87 Prominex
5.88 Proof Diagnostics  
5.89 Qiagen  
5.90 QuantuMDx  
5.91 Quest Diagnostics 
5.92 QuidelOrtho  
5.93 Randox Toxicology
5.94 Roche Molecular Diagnostics
5.95 Saw Diagnostics
5.96 Scope Fluidics
5.97 SD Biosensor  
5.98 Seegene
5.99 Siemens Healthineers
5.100 Singular Genomics
5.101 SomaLogic 
5.102 Sona Nanotech 
5.103 SpeeDx  
5.104 T2 Biosystems
5.105 Talis Biomedical 
5.106 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
5.107 Ultima Genomics  
5.108 Vela Diagnostics
5.109 Veramarx  
5.110 Veredus Laboratories
5.111 Vir
5.112 Vircell
5.113 Visby Medical
5.114 XCR Diagnostics
5.115 YD Diagnostics  
5.116 Zhejiang Orient Gene Biotech 

6 Market Trends 
6.1 Factors Driving Growth 
6.1.1 New Genotypes Creating New Markets 
6.1.2 Aging Population a Boon for All Diagnostics 
6.1.3 Developing World Driving ID Dx Growth
6.1.4 Point of Care - Why Centralization is Losing Steam 
6.1.5 Self Testing 
6.1.6 The Need for Speed 
6.1.7 The COVID Pandemic 
6.2 Factors Limiting Growth 
6.2.1 Lower Costs 
6.2.2 Infectious Disease is Declining 
6.2.3 Wellness Hurts 
6.2.4 Economic Growth improves Living Standards 
6.3 Instrumentation and Automation 
6.3.1 Instruments Key to Market Share 
6.3.2 The Shrinking Machine 
6.3.3 Multiplex, Point of Care and The Speed Factor 
6.4 Diagnostic Technology Development 
6.4.1 The Sepsis Testing Market - A New Direction? 
6.4.2 POCT/Self Testing as a Disruptive Force 
6.4.3 The Genetics Play - One Test for All Known Infections 
6.4.4 Antibiotic Resistance Genes - Simplifying Diagnostics 

7 Molecular Dx - Infectious Disease Recent Developments 
7.1 Recent Developments - Importance and How to Use This Section
7.1.1 Importance of These Developments  
7.1.2 How to Use This Section
7.2 Compact POCT Platform Unlocks Multiplexing Potential of Real-Time PCR 
7.3 Takara Bio and BioExcel Partner on ID Panels
7.4 BioGX introduces pixl real-time PCR platform
7.5 Sherlock Biosciences Adds Ambient Amplification to Infectious Disease DiagnosticToolkit
7.6 Climate change is making hundreds of diseases much worse
7.7 BioMérieux Invests in Sepsis Dx Startup Weezion
7.8 Domus Diagnostics to Launch POC MDx Test System 
7.9 Proof Dx Plans Infectious Disease, Oncology Tests for CRISPR-Based POC
7.10 Oxford Nanopore Diagnostics to Develop Clinical Tools  
7.11 Pathogenomix Developing Infectious Disease Platform Using NGS
7.12 COVID-19 Accelerating Trend Toward Pharmacy-Based Testing
7.13 Co-Diagnostics Seeks FDA EUA for At-Home PCR Diagnostic  
7.14 Sense Biodetection to Debut Instrument-Free Point-of-Care MDx 
7.15 Home Test Company Prenetics to go Public
7.16 Roche to Acquire TIB Molbiol to Expand Infectious Disease Portfolio  
7.17 Lucira Health Posts Revenue Growth on OTC C19 Test
7.18 BforCure Preparing Multiple Panels for Point-of-Care qPCR Platform
7.19 Talis Biomedical Discusses Point-of-Care
7.20 Roche to Acquire GenMark Diagnostics for $1.8B
7.21 Pandemic Pushes Handheld qPCR Devices Closer to Commercialization
7.22 Hologic to Acquire Mobidiag
7.23 Lucira Health Focuses on User Friendly Approach to Home Testing
7.24 Infectious Disease Dx Firm Talis Biomedical Raises $254M in IPO  
7.25 Fluidigm Plans 'Durable' Diagnostics, Clinical Business  
7.26 Thermo Fisher Scientific to Acquire Mesa Biotech for Up to $550M
7.27 Mammoth Biosciences Developing Pathogen Detection Tech  
7.28 Illumina, IDbyDNA Developing Sequencing-Based Respiratory Tests  
7.29 Scanogen Developing 90 Minute Infection Test
7.30 Malaria Assays Use CRISPR for Point-of-Care Multispecies Detection
7.31 FDA Provides Self Testing SARS-CoV-2 EAU Guidance  
7.32 Mammoth Biosciences Announces Rapid, CRISPR-Based COVID-19 Diagnostic  
7.33 Genetic Signatures Gets CE Mark for Coronavirus Molecular Test  
7.34 Qiagen Respiratory Panel with Coronavirus Receives CE Mark 
7.35 Lumos Diagnostics Closes $15M Series A Funding
7.36 Fusion Genomics to Assess NGS-Based Respiratory Tract Infection Assay 

8 The Global Market for Molecular Diagnostics Infectious Disease 
8.1 Global Market Overview by Country 
8.1.1 Table - Global Market by Country 
8.1.2 Chart - Global Market by Country 
8.2 Global Market by Syndrome - Overview 
8.2.1 Table - Global Market by Syndrome 
8.2.2 Chart - Global Market by Syndrome - Base/Final Year Comparison 
8.2.3 Chart - Global Market by Syndrome - Base Year 
8.2.4 Chart - Global Market by Syndrome - End Year 
8.2.5 Chart - Global Market by Syndrome - Share by Year 
8.2.6 Chart - Global Market by Syndrome - Segments Growth 
8.3 Global Market by Plex - Overview 
8.3.1 Table - Global Market by Plex 
8.3.2 Chart - Global Market by Plex - Base/Final Year Comparison 
8.3.3 Chart - Global Market by Plex - Base Year
8.3.4 Chart - Global Market by Plex - End Year 
8.3.5 Chart - Global Market by Plex - Share by Year 
8.3.6 Chart - Global Market by Plex - Segments Growth 
8.4 Global Market by Place - Overview 
8.4.1 Table - Global Market by Place 
8.4.2 Chart - Global Market by Place - Base/Final Year Comparison 
8.4.3 Chart - Global Market by Place - Base Year
8.4.4 Chart - Global Market by Place - End Year 
8.4.5 Chart - Global Market by Place - Share by Year 
8.4.6 Chart - Global Market by Place - Segments Growth 

9 Global MDx Infectious Disease Markets - By Syndrome 
9.1 Respiratory 
9.1.1 Table Respiratory - by Country 
9.1.2 Chart - Respiratory Growth 
9.2 Gastrointestinal
9.2.1 Table Gastrointestinal - by Country 
9.2.2 Chart - Gastrointestinal Growth 
9.3 Blood 
9.3.1 Table Blood - by Country 
9.3.2 Chart - Blood Growth 
9.4 Meningitis/Encephalitis 
9.4.1 Table Meningitis/Encephalitis - by Country 
9.4.2 Chart - Meningitis/Encephalitis Growth 
9.5 Sexually Transmitted Disease 
9.5.1 Table Sexually Transmitted Disease - by Country 
9.5.2 Chart - Sexually Transmitted Disease Growth 
9.6 Other 
9.6.1 Table Other - by Country 
9.6.2 Chart - Other Growth 

10 Global MDx Markets for Infectious Disease - by Plex 
10.1 Single Plex 
10.1.1 Table Single Plex - by Country
10.1.2 Chart - Single Plex Growth 
10.2 Duplex 
10.2.1 Table Duplex - by Country 
10.2.2 Chart - Duplex Growth 
10.3 Triplex 
10.3.1 Table Triplex - by Country 
10.3.2 Chart - Triplex Growth 
10.4 Multiplex Technology 
10.4.1 Table Multiplex - by Country 
10.4.2 Chart - Multiplex Growth 

11 Global MDx Infectious Disease Markets - by Place 
11.1 Hospital Lab 
11.1.1 Table Hospital Lab - by Country 
11.1.2 Chart - Hospital Lab Growth 
11.2 Outpatient Lab 
11.2.1 Table Outpatient Lab - by Country 
11.2.2 Chart - Outpatient Lab Growth 
11.3 POC 
11.3.1 Table POC - by Country 
11.3.2 Chart - POC Growth 
11.4 Other Place 
11.4.1 Table Other Place- by Country 
11.4.2 Chart - Other Place Growth 

12 Appendices 
12.1 United States Medicare System: 2022 Clinical Laboratory Fees Schedule

Table of Tables

Table 1 Classification of HIV Species
Table 2 HIV Tests - CMS Codes & Prices 
Table 3 Current HIV Molecular Tests and Instruments Used
Table 4 HBV Tests - CMS Codes & Prices  
Table 5 HCV Tests - CMS Codes & Prices
Table 6 HPV Clearance Rates  
Table 7 HPV Tests - CMS Codes & Prices
Table 8 HPV Tests, Technology, Types
Table 9 Types of Influenza Tests  
Table 10 Influenza Tests - CMS Codes & Prices  
Table 11 FDA Cleared Molecular Assays for Influenza
Table 12 FDA Cleared NAAT CTGC Tests 
Table 13 CTGC NAAT Target Sequences and Possible False Reactions
Table 14 CTGC Tests - CMS Codes & Prices 
Table 15 FDA Approved MDx Tests for Tuberculosis  
Table 16 Tuberculosis Tests - CMS Codes & Prices
Table 17 FDA Approved Tests for MRSA
Table 18 MRSA Tests - CMS Codes & Prices 
Table 19 FDA Approved Tests for VRE
Table 20 VRE Tests - CMS Codes & Prices  
Table 21 FDA Approved Multiplex Assays  
Table 22 Characteristics of Coronavirus Pandemic Infections
Table 23 COVID-19 Symptoms
Table 24  Market Players by Type 
Table 25 Clinical Laboratory Departments and Segments  
Table 26 Laboratory Management Focus - Different Approaches
Table 27 Key Segmentation Variables Going Forward
Table 28 Five Factors Driving Growth
Table 29 Four Factors Limiting Growth 
Table 30 Key Diagnostic Laboratory Technology Trends
Table 31 - Global Market by Region  
Table 32 Global Market by Syndrome 
Table 33 Global Market by Plex  
Table 34 Global Market by Place 
Table 35 Respiratory by Country.
Table 36  Gastrointestinal by Country
Table 37 Blood by Country  
Table 38 Meningitis/Encephalitis by Country
Table 39 Sexually Transmitted Disease by Country 
Table 40 Other by Country  
Table 41  Single Plex by Country
Table 42 Duplex by Country 
Table 43  Triplex by Country
Table 44  Multiplex by Country 
Table 45  Hospital Lab by Country
Table 46 Outpatient Lab by Country
Table 47  POC by Country  
Table 48  Other Place by Country  
Table 49  Clinical Lab Fee Schedule  
Table 50  The Most Common Assays  
Table 51 Largest Revenue Assays 

Table of Figures
Figure 1 Global Healthcare Spending  
Figure 2 The Lab Test Pie
Figure 3 HIV Virion  
Figure 4 Diagram of the HIV Replication Cycle  
Figure 5 The Structure of the HBV Virus
Figure 6 Hepatitis B Replication 
Figure 7 Structure of the HCV Virus
Figure 8 HCV Replication Cycle
Figure 9 Structure of the Influenza Virion
Figure 10 Influenza Replication
Figure 11 Scanning Electronmicrograph of Tuberculosis  
Figure 12 The Road to Diagnostics 
Figure 13 The Changing Age of The World’s Population  
Figure 14 Health Care Consumption by Age 
Figure 15 Cancer Incidence by Age 
Figure 16 Chart Infectious Disease Decline
Figure 17  Global Market Shares Chart  
Figure 18 Global Market by Syndrome - Base vs. Final 
Figure 19 Global Market by Syndrome Base Year 
Figure 20 Global Market by Syndrome End Year  
Figure 21 Syndrome Share by Year 
Figure 22 Syndrome Segments Growth  
Figure 23 Global Market by Plex - Base vs. Final.. 
Figure 24 Global Market by Plex Base Year
Figure 25 Global Market by Plex End Year 
Figure 26 Plex Share by Year
Figure 27 Plex Segments Growth 
Figure 28 Global Market by Place - Base vs. Final
Figure 29 Global Market by Place Base Year 
Figure 30 Global Market by Place End Year 
Figure 31 Place Share by Year 
Figure 32 Place Segments Growth 
Figure 33 Respiratory Growth  
Figure 34 Gastrointestinal Diagnostics Growth  
Figure 35 Blood Growth
Figure 36 Meningitis/Encephalitis Growth  
Figure 37 Sexually Transmitted Disease Growth 
Figure 38 Other Growth
Figure 39 Single Plex Growth
Figure 40 Duplex Growth 
Figure 41 Triplex Growth  
Figure 42 Multiplex Growth 
Figure 43 Hospital Lab Growth 
Figure 44 Outpatient Lab Growth  
Figure 45 POC Growth
Figure 46 Other Place Growth

Samples

Companies Mentioned

• 1928 Diagnostics
• bacus Diagnostica 
• bbott Laboratories
• ccelerate Diagnostics
• ccess Bio
• dor Diagnostics  
• DT Biotech  
• konni Biosystems 
• ltona Diagnostics
• Alveo Technologies  
• Anatolia Geneworks 
• Anitoa 
• Antelope Dx  
• Applied BioCode  
• Assurance Scientific Laboratories
• Aureum Diagnostics
• Aus Diagnostics 
• Beckman Coulter Diagnostics
• Becton, Dickinson and Company  
• Binx Health 
• Biocartis
• BioFire Diagnostics (bioMérieux)
• bioMérieux Diagnostics 
• Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
• Bosch Healthcare Solutions GmbH
• Celemics
• Cepheid (Danaher)
• Chembio
• Co Diagnostics
• Credo Diagnostics Biomedical
• Cue Health 
• Curetis N.V./Curetis GmbH 
• Detect
• Diagenode Diagnostics
• Diascopic  
• Diasorin S.p.A.
• Domus Diagnostics
• Eiken Chemical 
• Element Biosciences 
• Enzo Biochem
• Eurofins Scientific  
• Fluxergy
• Fulgent Genetics  
• Fusion Genomics.
• Genedrive
• Genetic Signatures
• GenMark Dx (Roche)
• Genomadix
• Grifols
• Grip Molecular Technologies  
• Hibergene Diagnostics.
• Hologic  
• Illumina  
• Immunexpress
• Inflammatix
• Invetech 
• Janssen Diagnostics
• Karius
• Lexagene  
• LightDeck Diagnostics
• Lucira Health
• Luminex Corp (DiaSorin)  
• LumiraDx
• Lumos Diagnostics 
• Mammoth Biosciences 
• Maxim Biomedical
• Meridian Bioscience
• Mesa Biotech (Thermo Fisher)
• MicroGem
• Millipore Sigma
• Mindray
• Minute Molecular
• Mobidiag (Hologic)  
• Molbio Diagnostics
• NanoDx
• Nanomix 
• Novacyt 
• Novel Microdevices
• OnsiteGene  
• Operon  
• Oxford Nanopore Technologies
• Panagene
• Pathogenomix  
• Perkin Elmer
• Prenetics 
• Primerdesign (Novacyt)
• Prominex
• Proof Diagnostics  
• Qiagen  
• QuantuMDx  
• Quest Diagnostics 
• QuidelOrtho  
• Randox Toxicology
• Roche Molecular Diagnostics
• Saw Diagnostics
• Scope Fluidics
• SD Biosensor  
• Seegene
• Siemens Healthineers
•  Singular Genomics
•  SomaLogic 
•  Sona Nanotech 
•  SpeeDx  
•  T2 Biosystems
•  Talis Biomedical 
•  Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
•  Ultima Genomics  
•  Vela Diagnostics
•  Veramarx  
•  Veredus Laboratories
•  Vir
•  Vircell
•  Visby Medical
•  XCR Diagnostics
•  YD Diagnostics  
•  Zhejiang Orient Gene Biotech 

Methodology