The Global Market for Natural Biopolymers: PHA, Polysaccharides, Protein, Algal & Fungal, Mycelium and Chitosan

2.1 The global plastics market
2.1.1 Global production
2.1.2 The importance of plastic
2.1.3 Issues with plastics use
2.1.4 Market trends
2.1.5 Bio-based plastics global production
2.1.6 Main bio-plastics producers and global production capacities
2.1.6.1 Producers
2.1.6.2 By biobased and sustainable plastic type
2.1.6.3 By region
2.1.7 Global demand for bio-based and sustainable plastics 2020, by market
2.1.8 Impact of COVID-19 crisis on the bioplastics market and future demand
2.1.9 Challenges for the biobased and sustainable plastics market
2.2 Bio-based or renewable plastics 34
2.2.1 Drop-in bio-based plastics
2.2.2 Novel bio-based plastics
2.3 Biodegradable and compostable plastics
2.3.1 Biodegradability
2.3.2 Compostability
2.4 Advantages and disadvantages
2.5 Types of Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastics
2.6 Market leaders by biobased and/or biodegradable plastic types

3.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
3.1.1 Types
3.1.1.1 PHB
3.1.1.2 PHBV
3.1.2 Synthesis and production processes
3.1.3 Market analysis 50
3.1.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production capacities, by country
3.1.5 Commercially available PHAs
3.1.6 Markets for PHAs
3.1.6.1 Packaging
3.1.6.2 Cosmetics
3.1.6.3 Medical 56
3.1.6.4 Agriculture
3.1.7 Producers
3.2 Polysaccharides 59
3.2.1 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) 59
3.2.1.1 Market analysis 59
3.2.1.2 Producers
3.2.2 Cellulose nanocrystals
3.2.2.1 Market analysis 61
3.2.2.2 Producers
3.2.3 Cellulose nanofibers
3.2.3.1 Market analysis 63
3.2.3.2 Producers
3.3 Protein-based bioplastics
3.3.1 Types, applications and producers
3.4 Algal and fungal 68
3.4.1 Algal
3.4.1.1 Advantages
3.4.1.2 Production
3.4.1.3 Commercialization
3.4.2 Mycelium
3.4.2.1 Properties
3.4.2.2 Applications
3.4.2.3 Commercialization
3.5 Chitosan
3.6 Market segmentation of natural biopolymers/bioplastics
3.6.1 Packaging
3.6.2 Consumer products
3.6.3 Automotive
3.6.4 Textiles 79
3.6.5 Electronics
3.6.6 Building materials
3.6.7 Agriculture and horticulture

Table 1. Issues related to the use of plastics
Table 2. Market drivers and trends in bio-based products
Table 3. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2018-2031, in 1,000 tons
Table 4. Global production capacities, by producers
Table 5. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2019-2031, by type, in 1,000 tons
Table 6. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2019-2025, by region, tons
Table 7. Type of biodegradation
Table 8. Advantages and disadvantages of biobased plastics compared to conventional plastics
Table 9. Types of Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastics, applications
Table 10. Market leader by Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastic types
Table 11.Types of PHAs and properties
Table 12. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers
Table 13. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods
Table 14. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) market analysis
Table 15. Commercially available PHAs
Table 16. Markets and applications for PHAs
Table 17. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging
Table 18. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) producers
Table 19. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) market analysis
Table 20. Leading MFC producers and capacities
Table 21. Cellulose nanocrystals analysis
Table 22: Cellulose nanocrystal production capacities and production process, by producer
Table 23. Cellulose nanofibers market analysis
Table 24. CNF production capacities (by type, wet or dry) and production process, by producer, metric tonnes
Table 25. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies
Table 26. Types of algal and fungal based-bioplastics, applications and companies
Table 27. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size
Table 28. Companies developing algal-based bioplastics
Table 29. Overview of mycelium fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 30. Companies developing mycelium-based bioplastics
Table 31. Overview of chitosan-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 32. Granbio Nanocellulose Processes
Table 33. Lactips plastic pellets
Table 34. Oji Holdings CNF products

Figure 1. Global plastics production 1950-2018, millions of tons
Figure 2. Total global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics, all types, 000 tons
Figure 3. Global production capacities of bioplastics 2018-2031, in 1,000 tons by biodegradable/non-biodegradable types
Figure 4. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics in 2019-2031, by type, in 1,000 tons
Figure 5. Global production capacities of bioplastics in 2019-2025, by type
Figure 6. Global production capacities of bioplastics in 2030, by type
Figure 7. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2020
Figure 8. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2025
Figure 9. Current and future applications of biobased and sustainable plastics
Figure 10. Global demand for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market, 2020
Figure 11. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2019-2031, tons
Figure 12. Challenges for the biobased and sustainable plastics market
Figure 13. Coca-Cola PlantBottle®
Figure 14. Interrelationship between conventional, bio-based and biodegradable plastics
Figure 15. PHA family
Figure 16. PHA production capacities, 1,000 tons, 2019-2030
Figure 17. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix
Figure 18. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam
Figure 19. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials
Figure 20. Global market demand for natural biopolymers/bioplastics by end user market 2019-2031, 1,000 tons
Figure 21. PHA bioplastics products
Figure 22. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in packaging 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 23. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in consumer products 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 24. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in automotive 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 25. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in textiles 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 26. Global market demand for natural biopolymers/bioplastics in electronics 2019-2031, 1,000 tons
Figure 27. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in building and construction 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 28. Biodegradable mulch films
Figure 29. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in agriculture 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 30. Algiknit yarn
Figure 31. Amadou leather shoes
Figure 32. Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel
Figure 33. MEDICELLU™
Figure 34. Beyond Leather Materials product
Figure 35. nanoforest-S
Figure 36. nanoforest-PDP
Figure 37. nanoforest-MB
Figure 38. CuanSave film
Figure 39. ELLEX products
Figure 40. CNF-reinforced PP compounds
Figure 41. Kirekira! toilet wipes
Figure 42. Mushroom leather
Figure 43. Filler Bank CNC products
Figure 44. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE)
Figure 45. PHA production process
Figure 46. Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials
Figure 47. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer)
Figure 48. CNF gel
Figure 49. Block nanocellulose material
Figure 50. CNF products developed by Hokuetsu
Figure 51. Marine leather products
Figure 52. Chitin nanofiber product
Figure 53. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products
Figure 54. FibriMa cellulose nanofiber powder
Figure 55. Cellulomix production process
Figure 56. Nanobase versus conventional products
Figure 57. MOGU-Wave panels
Figure 58. CNF slurries
Figure 59. Range of CNF products
Figure 60. Reishi
Figure 61. Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers
Figure 62. Compostable water pod
Figure 63. Leather made from leaves
Figure 64. Nike shoe with beLEAF™
Figure 65. CNF clear sheets
Figure 66. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product
Figure 67. XCNF
Figure 68. CNF insulation flat plates
Figure 69. Manufacturing process for STARCEL
Figure 70. Lyocell process
Figure 71. North Face Spiber Moon Parka
Figure 72. Spider silk production
Figure 73. 2 wt.% CNF suspension
Figure 74. BiNFi-s Dry Powder
Figure 75. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet
Figure 76. Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material
Figure 77. Tômtex leather alternative
Figure 78. Vegea production process