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Global Electric Vehicle Battery Reuse and Recycling Market 2021-2026

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    Report

  • 193 Pages
  • January 2022
  • Region: Global
  • BCC Research
  • ID: 5521856
UP TO OFF until Aug 31st 2033

Report Scope

This report will cover all the commercially available methods for electric vehicle battery reuse and recycling that are actively being utilized and consumed by key end-user industries in the electric vehicle battery reuse and recycling market. Its scope will also include all the applications in which electric vehicle battery reuse and recycling are used. Furthermore, the electric vehicle battery reuse and recycling industry will also be thoroughly analyzed at the regional and country level.




Regional and country-level markets will be segmented and analyzed by battery type, EV type and end-use. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is also covered. The market size and estimations are provided in terms of revenue, with 2020 serving as the base year; and market forecasts will be given for the period from 2021 to 2026.

In terms of battery type, the electric vehicle battery reuse and recycling market is segmented into lithium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries and lead-acid batteries.

In terms of EV type, the electric vehicle battery reuse and recycling market is segmented into battery electric vehicle (BEV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV).

In terms of end-use, the electric vehicle battery reuse and recycling market is segmented into passenger cars, commercial vehicles, energy storage and consumer electronics.


The Report Includes

  • 79 data tables
  • Detailed overview of the global markets for electric vehicle battery reuse and recycling technologies
  • Analyses of the global market trends, with historic data from 2019-2020, estimates for 2021, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2026
  • Evaluation and forecast the overall market size in dollar value terms, and corresponding market share analysis by battery type, EV type, end-use, and geographic region
  • Discussion of industry value chain/supply chain analysis of global electric vehicle battery reuse and recycling market, and assessment of the current competitive scenario
  • Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Germany, U.K., France, Netherlands, Norway, Japan, China and India
  • Highlights of recent advances made in the market for EV battery reuse and recycling manufacturing, their commercial applications, opportunities and gaps estimating current and future demand; and the impact of COVID-19 on the progress of this market
  • Identification of the companies best positioned to meet this demand because of their proprietary technologies, strategic alliances, or other advantages
  • Insight into the recent industry strategies, such as M&A deals, joint ventures, collaborations, and license agreements currently focused on EV battery reuse and recycling technology
  • Company profiles of the leading industry players, including Accurec-Recycling GmbH, BMW Group, China Lithium Battery Technology Co., Ltd. (CALB), Nissan Motor, Tesla and Toshiba Corp.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction


  • Study Goals and Objectives
  • Reasons for Doing This Study
  • Scope of Report
  • Information Sources
  • Methodology
  • Geographic Breakdown
  • Analyst's Credentials
  • Custom Research
  • Related Reports

Chapter 2 Summary and Highlights

Chapter 3 Market Overview


  • Introduction
  • Developments in Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs)
  • Definition of Electric Vehicle Battery Reuse and Recycling
  • Reuse
  • Recycling
  • Technological Background and Advancements
  • Industry Concept
  • Importance of the Industry
  • Market Overview of the Electric Vehicle Industry
  • Market Dynamics
  • Drivers
  • Restraints
  • Opportunity
  • Challenges
  • Trends

Chapter 4 Impact of COVID-19


  • Influence on Electric Vehicle Manufacture and Sales
  • Impact of COVID-19 on the Electric Vehicle Market
  • Impact of COVID-19 on the Market for EV Charging Stations

Chapter 5 Value/Supply Chain Analysis


  • Introduction
  • Value Chain Analysis
  • Raw and Processed Materials
  • Cell Component Manufacturing
  • Cell Manufacturing
  • Battery Pack Manufacturing
  • Electric Vehicles Manufacturing
  • Recycling

Chapter 6 Global Market for Electric Vehicle Battery Reuse and Recycling by Battery Type


  • Introduction
  • Lithium-Ion Batteries
  • Lithium Battery Chemistry
  • Construction of Lithium-Ion Batteries
  • A Thorough Method for Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in 1 Recycling Process for Spent Lithium-Ion Battery
  • Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturers
  • Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
  • Recycling Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
  • Consumer Electronics
  • Electric Vehicles
  • Lead-Acid Batteries
  • Recycling of Lead-Acid Batteries

Chapter 7 Global Market for Electric Vehicle Battery Reuse and Recycling by EV Type


  • Introduction
  • Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
  • Key Components of Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
  • Operation of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
  • Key Components of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
  • Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
  • Operation of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
  • Key Components of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Car (PHEV)
  • Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)
  • Key Components of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

Chapter 8 Global Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling by End Use


  • Introduction
  • Passenger Car
  • Economics
  • Environmental Factors
  • Key Factors Boosting Passenger Electric Vehicle Sales
  • Commercial Vehicle
  • Types of EV Trucks
  • Energy Storage
  • Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology
  • Batteries for Electric Cars and Energy Storage
  • Consumer Electronics

Chapter 9 Global Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling by Region


  • Introduction
  • North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
  • Mexico
  • Europe
  • Germany
  • Norway
  • France
  • The Netherlands
  • U.K.
  • Rest of Europe
  • Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • South America
  • Chile
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Legal Framework
  • Middle East and Africa
  • Africa
  • Saudi Arabia

Chapter 10 Competitive Market Analysis


  • Overview
  • Global Li-ion Battery-Recycling Projects
  • Mergers and Acquisitions
  • Innovations in Electric Vehicles
  • Vehicle to Grid (V2G)
  • Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging
  • Charging of Mobile Devices
  • Lightning-Fast Charging
  • Battery Technology Advancements
  • Battery Technologies for EVs That Are Gaining Traction
  • Batteries Lithium-Ion
  • Batteries with Solid State Technology
  • Aluminum-Ion Rechargeable Batteries
  • Batteries Made of Lithium-Sulfur
  • Batteries Made of Metal and Air
  • Regulation of Electric Vehicles
  • India
  • U.S.
  • Europe

Chapter 11 Company Profiles


  • Accurec-Recycling Gmbh
  • American Manganese Inc.
  • Battery Solutions Llc
  • BMW Group
  • China Lithium Battery Technology Co., Ltd. (Calb)
  • G&P Batteries
  • Li-Cycle Corp.
  • Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
  • Retriev Technologies
  • Sitrasa
  • SNAM
  • TES
  • Tesla
  • Toshiba Corp.
  • Umicore

List of Tables
Summary Table: Global Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, Through 2026
Table 1: Raw Material Producing Countries
Table 2: Global Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 3: Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturers
Table 4: Global Market for Lithium-Ion Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, Through 2026
Table 5: Global Market for Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, Through 2026
Table 6: Global Market for Lead-Acid Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, Through 2026
Table 7: Global Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 8: Global Market for BEV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, Through 2026
Table 9: Global Market for HEV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, Through 2026
Table 10: Global Market for PHEV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, Through 2026
Table 11: Global Market for FCEV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, Through 2026
Table 12: Global Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 13: Global Passenger Car Electric Vehicle Maker
Table 14: Global Market for Passenger Car EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, Through 2026
Table 15: Global Market for Commercial EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, Through 2026
Table 16: Global Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, Through 2026
Table 17: Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in Consumer Electronic Devices
Table 18: Global Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling in Consumer Electronics Applications, by Region, Through 2026
Table 19: Global Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, Through 2026
Table 20: North American Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Country, Through 2026
Table 21: North American Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 22: North American Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 23: North American Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 24: U.S. Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 25: U.S. Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 26: U.S. Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 27: Canadian Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 28: Canadian Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 29: Canadian Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 30: Mexican Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 31: Mexican Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 32: Mexican Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 33: European Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Country, Through 2026
Table 34: European Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 35: European Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 36: European Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 37: German Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 38: German Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 39: German Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 40: Norwegian Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 41: Norwegian Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 42: Norwegian Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 43: French Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 44: French Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 45: French Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 46: Dutch Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 47: Dutch Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 48: Dutch Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 49: U.K. Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 50: U.K. Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 51: U.K. Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 52: Rest of European Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 53: Rest of European Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 54: Rest of European Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 55: Asia-Pacific Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Country, Through 2026
Table 56: Asia-Pacific Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 57: Asia-Pacific Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 58: Asia-Pacific Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 59: Chinese Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 60: Chinese Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 61: Chinese Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 62: Indian Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 63: Indian Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 64: Indian Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 65: Japanese Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 66: Japanese Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 67: Japanese Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 68: Rest of Asia-Pacific Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 69: Rest of Asia-Pacific Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 70: Rest of Asia-Pacific Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 71: South American Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 72: South American Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 73: South American Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 74: Middle Eastern and African Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, Through 2026
Table 75: Middle Eastern and African Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, Through 2026
Table 76: Middle Eastern and African Market for EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, Through 2026
Table 77: Global Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Projects
Table 78: Mergers and Acquisitions in the Global EV Battery Reuse and Recycling Market

List of Figures
Summary Figure: Global Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, 2026*
Figure 1: Flowchart of EV Battery Recycle and Reuse Market
Figure 2: Process of Recovering Batteries from Electric Vehicles for Reuse and Recycling
Figure 3: The Second Life Battery Cycle
Figure 4: Recycling Flow Chart for EV Battery
Figure 5: Key Components of an All-Electric Car
Figure 6: Market Dynamics
Figure 7: Electric Vehicle Value Chain
Figure 8: Flow Chart of EV battery
Figure 9: EV Battery System with Individual Cells in Series
Figure 10: Global Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 11: Global Market Shares of Lithium-Ion Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, 2026
Figure 12: Global Market Shares of Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, 2026
Figure 13: The Process of Recycling Lead-Acid Batteries
Figure 14: Global Market Shares of Lead-Acid Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, 2026
Figure 15: Global Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 16: Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
Figure 17: Global Market Shares of BEV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, 2026
Figure 18: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
Figure 19: Global Market Shares of HEV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, 2026
Figure 20: Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
Figure 21: Global Market Shares of PHEV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, 2026
Figure 22: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)
Figure 23: Global Market Shares of FCEV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, 2026
Figure 24: Global Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 25: Projected Worldwide Sales of Different Types of Passenger Car Electric Vehicles, 2035
Figure 26: Global Market Shares of Passenger Car EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, 2026
Figure 27: Global Market Shares of Commercial EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, 2026
Figure 28: Global Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, 2026
Figure 29: Global Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling in Consumer Electronics End Uses, by Region, 2026
Figure 30: Global Electric Vehicle Sales, by Geography, 2015-2019
Figure 31: Global Electric Vehicle Sales, by Country, 2020
Figure 32: Global Electric Vehicle Sales, by Country, 2021
Figure 33: Global Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Region, 2026
Figure 34: North American Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Country, 2026
Figure 35: North American Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 36: North American Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 37: North American Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 38: U.S. Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 39: U.S. Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 40: U.S. Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 41: Canadian Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 42: Canadian Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 43: Canadian Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 44: Mexican Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 45: Mexican Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 46: Mexican Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 47: European Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Country, 2026
Figure 48: European Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 49: European Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 50: European Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 51: German Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 52: German Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 53: German Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 54: Norwegian Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 55: Norwegian Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 56: Norwegian Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 57: French Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 58: French Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 59: French Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 60: Dutch Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 61: Dutch Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 62: Dutch Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 63: U.K. Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 64: U.K. Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 65: U.K. Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 66: Rest of European Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 67: Rest of European Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 68: Rest of European Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 69: Asia-Pacific Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Country, 2026
Figure 70: Asia-Pacific Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 71: Asia-Pacific Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 72: Asia-Pacific Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 73: Chinese Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 74: Chinese Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 75: Chinese Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 76: Indian Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 77: Indian Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 78: Indian Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 79: Japanese Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 80: Japanese Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 81: Japanese Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 82: Rest of Asia-Pacific Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 83: Rest of Asia-Pacific Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 84: Rest of Asia-Pacific Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 85: South American Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 86: South American Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 87: South American Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 88: Middle Eastern and African Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by Battery Type, 2026
Figure 89: Middle Eastern and African Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by EV Type, 2026
Figure 90: Middle Eastern and African Market Shares of EV Battery Reuse and Recycling, by End Use, 2026
Figure 91: Distribution Share of Impact on EVs Due to Bidrectional Charging
Figure 92: Distribution Share of Electric Vehicle Charging Types
Figure 93: Distribution of Technology Advancements in Electric Vehicles
Figure 94: BMW Group: Sales Share, by Region, 2020
Figure 95: BMW Group: Sales Share, by Segment, 2020
Figure 96: Tesla: Revenue Share, by Country, 2020
Figure 97: Tesla: Revenue Share, by Segment, 2020
Figure 98: Toshiba Corp.: Revenue Share, by Region, 2020
Figure 99: Toshiba Corp.: Revenue Share, by Segment, 2020
Figure 100: Umicore Corp.: Revenue Share, by Region, 2020
Figure 101: Umicore Corp.: Revenue Share, by Segment, 2020


Samples

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Executive Summary

An electric vehicle battery is utilized to control the electric motors of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). These are often rechargeable (secondary) batteries made of lithium-ion. These batteries have been developed with a high amp-hour (or kilowatt-hour) capacity in mind.

Batteries for electric vehicles are defined by their high power-to-weight ratio, specific energy and energy density. Smaller, lighter batteries are desirable because they reduce the electric vehicle’s weight and thus improve its performance. In contrast to liquid fuels, extremely active battery technologies have a significantly lower specific energy, which often impacts the vehicle’s maximum all-electric range.

Due to their high energy density in relation to their weight, lithium-ion and lithium polymer batteries are the most prevalent battery types in modern electric vehicles. Nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, lead-acid (and, less frequently, zinc-air and sodium nickel chloride) batteries are used in electric vehicles. The quantity of energy stored in batteries is expressed in ampere hours or coulombs, with the overall amount of energy frequently expressed in kilowatt-hours.

Innovations in lithium-ion battery equipment have been driven by consumer electronics, laptop computers, mobile phones and power tools. The BEV and HEV markets have benefited from these advancements in terms of performance and energy density. Unlike previous battery chemistries, particularly that of nickel-cadmium, the chemistry of lithium-ion batteries enables them to be discharged and recharged on a regular basis and at any level of charge.

The battery pack accounts for a sizable portion of the cost of a BEV or HEV. As of 2018, vehicles with an all-electric range of more than 250 miles (400 kilometers), such as the Tesla Model S, have been commercialized and are now available in a variety of vehicle sectors.


Companies Mentioned

  • Accurec-Recycling Gmbh
  • American Manganese Inc.
  • Battery Solutions Llc
  • BMW Group
  • China Lithium Battery Technology Co., Ltd. (Calb)
  • G&P Batteries
  • Li-Cycle Corp.
  • Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
  • Retriev Technologies
  • Sitrasa
  • SNAM
  • TES
  • Tesla
  • Toshiba Corp.
  • Umicore

Table Information