The Global Biobased Chemicals and Materials Market Report 2022

1.1 Market trends
1.2 Global production to 2030
1.3 Main producers and global production capacities
1.3.1 Producers
1.3.2 By biobased and sustainable plastic type
1.3.3 By region
1.4 Global demand for biobased and sustainable plastics 2020-21, by market
1.5 Impact of COVID-19 crisis on the bioplastics market and future demand
1.6 Challenges for the biobased and sustainable plastics market

3.1 Global production
3.2 The importance of plastic
3.3 Issues with plastics use

4.1 Types
4.2 Production capacities
4.3 Bio-based adipic acid
4.4 11-Aminoundecanoic acid (11-AA)
4.5 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BDO)
4.6 Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)
4.7 Epichlorohydrin (ECH)
4.8 Ethylene
4.9 Furfural
4.10 5-Chloromethylfurfural (5-CMF)
4.11 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA)
4.12 Furandicarboxylic methyl ester (FDME)
4.13 Isosorbide
4.14 Itaconic acid
4.15 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP)
4.16 5 Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF)
4.17 Lactic acid (D-LA)
4.18 Lactic acid – L-lactic acid (L-LA)
4.19 Lactide
4.20 Levoglucosenone
4.21 Levulinic acid
4.22 Monoethylene glycol (MEG)
4.23 Monopropylene glycol (MPG)
4.24 Muconic acid
4.25 Naphtha
4.26 Pentamethylene diisocyanate
4.27 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO)
4.28 Sebacic acid
4.29 Succinic acid (SA)

5.1 Bio-based or renewable plastics
5.1.1 Drop-in bio-based plastics
5.1.2 Novel bio-based plastics
5.2 Biodegradable and compostable plastics
5.2.1 Biodegradability
5.2.2 Compostability
5.3 Advantages and disadvantages
5.4 Types of Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastics
5.5 Market leaders by biobased and/or biodegradable plastic types
5.6 SYNTHETIC BIO-BASED POLYMERS
5.6.1 Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA)
5.6.1.1 Market analysis
5.6.1.2 Producers
5.6.2 Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET)
5.6.2.1 Market analysis
5.6.2.2 Producers
5.6.3 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (Bio-PTT)
5.6.3.1 Market analysis
5.6.3.2 Producers
5.6.4 Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF)
5.6.4.1 Market analysis
5.6.4.2 Comparative properties to PET
5.6.4.3 Producers
5.6.5 Polyamides (Bio-PA)
5.6.5.1 Market analysis
5.6.5.2 Producers
5.6.6 Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT)
5.6.6.1 Market analysis
5.6.6.2 Producers
5.6.7 Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers
5.6.7.1 Market analysis
5.6.7.2 Producers
5.6.8 Polyethylene (Bio-PE)
5.6.8.1 Market analysis
5.6.8.2 Producers
5.6.9 Polypropylene (Bio-PP)
5.6.9.1 Market analysis
5.6.9.2 Producers
5.7 NATURAL BIO-BASED POLYMERS
5.7.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
5.7.1.1 Types
5.7.1.2 Synthesis and production processes
5.7.1.3 Market analysis
5.7.1.4 Commercially available PHAs
5.7.1.5 Markets for PHAs
5.7.1.6 Producers
5.7.2 Polysaccharides
5.7.2.1 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)
5.7.2.2 Cellulose nanocrystals
5.7.2.3 Cellulose nanofibers
5.7.3 Protein-based bioplastics
5.7.3.1 Types, applications and producers
5.7.4 Algal and fungal
5.7.4.1 Algal
5.7.4.2 Mycelium
5.7.5 Chitosan
5.8 PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED AND SUSTAINABLE PLASTICS, BY REGION
5.8.1 North America
5.8.2 Europe
5.8.3 Asia-Pacific
5.8.3.1 China
5.8.3.2 Japan
5.8.3.3 Thailand
5.8.3.4 Indonesia
5.8.4 Latin America
5.9 MARKET SEGMENTATION OF BIOPLASTICS
5.9.1 Packaging
5.9.2 Consumer products
5.9.3 Automotive
5.9.4 Building & construction
5.9.5 Textiles
5.9.6 Electronics
5.9.7 Agriculture and horticulture
5.10 BIO-BASED CHEMICALS, BIOPOLYMERS AND BIOPLASTICS COMPANY PROFILES 150 (311 company profiles)

6.1 Manufacturing method, matrix materials and applications of natural fibers
6.2 Advantages of natural fibers
6.3 Plants (cellulose, lignocellulose)
6.3.1 Seed fibers
6.3.1.1 Cotton
6.3.1.2 Kapok
6.3.1.3 Luffa
6.3.2 Bast fibers
6.3.2.1 Jute
6.3.2.2 Hemp
6.3.2.3 Flax
6.3.2.4 Ramie
6.3.2.5 Kenaf
6.3.3 Leaf fibers
6.3.3.1 Sisal
6.3.3.2 Abaca
6.3.4 Fruit fibers
6.3.4.1 Coir
6.3.4.2 Banana
6.3.4.3 Pineapple
6.3.5 Stalk fibers from agricultural residues
6.3.5.1 Rice fiber
6.3.5.2 Corn
6.3.6 Cane, grasses and reed
6.3.6.1 Switch grass
6.3.6.2 Sugarcane (agricultural residues)
6.3.6.3 Bamboo
6.3.6.4 Fresh grass (green biorefinery)
6.3.7 Modified natural polymers
6.3.7.1 Mycelium
6.3.7.2 Chitosan
6.3.7.3 Alginate
6.4 Animal (fibrous protein)
6.4.1 Wool
6.4.1.1 Alternative wool materials
6.4.1.2 Producers
6.4.2 Silk fiber
6.4.2.1 Alternative silk materials
6.4.3 Leather
6.4.3.1 Alternative leather materials
6.4.4 Down
6.4.4.1 Alternative down materials
6.5 MARKETS FOR NATURAL FIBERS
6.5.1 Composites
6.5.2 Applications
6.5.3 Natural fiber injection moulding compounds
6.5.3.1 Properties
6.5.3.2 Applications
6.5.4 Non-woven natural fiber mat composites
6.5.4.1 Automotive
6.5.4.2 Applications
6.5.5 Aligned natural fiber-reinforced composites
6.5.6 Natural fiber biobased polymer compounds
6.5.7 Natural fiber biobased polymer non-woven mats
6.5.7.1 Flax
6.5.7.2 Kenaf
6.5.8 Natural fiber thermoset bioresin composites
6.5.9 Aerospace
6.5.9.1 Market overview
6.5.10 Automotive
6.5.10.1 Market overview
6.5.10.2 Applications of natural fibers
6.5.11 Building/construction
6.5.11.1 Market overview
6.5.11.2 Applications of natural fibers
6.5.12 Sports and leisure
6.5.12.1 Market overview
6.5.13 Textiles
6.5.13.1 Market overview
6.5.13.2 Consumer apparel
6.5.13.3 Geotextiles
6.5.14 Packaging
6.5.14.1 Market overview
6.6 NATURAL FIBERS GLOBAL PRODUCTION
6.6.1 Overall global fibers market
6.6.2 Plant-based fiber production
6.6.3 Animal-based natural fiber production
6.7 NATURAL FIBER COMPANY PROFILES 444 (136 company profiles)

7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.1.1 What is lignin?
7.1.1.1 Lignin structure
7.1.2 Types of lignin
7.1.2.1 Sulfur containing lignin
7.1.2.2 Sulfur-free lignin from biorefinery process
7.1.3 Properties
7.1.4 The lignocellulose biorefinery
7.1.5 Markets and applications
7.1.6 Challenges for using lignin
7.2 LIGNIN PRODUCTON PROCESSES
7.2.1 Lignosulphonates
7.2.2 Kraft Lignin
7.2.2.1 LignoBoost process
7.2.2.2 LignoForce method
7.2.2.3 Sequential Liquid Lignin Recovery and Purification
7.2.2.4 A-Recovery+
7.2.3 Soda lignin
7.2.4 Biorefinery lignin
7.2.4.1 Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes
7.2.5 Organosolv lignins
7.2.6 Hydrolytic lignin
7.3 MARKETS FOR LIGNIN
7.3.1 Market drivers and trends for lignin
7.3.2 Lignin industry developments 2020-2021
7.3.3 Production capacities
7.3.3.1 Technical lignin availability (dry ton/y)
7.3.3.2 Biomass conversion (Biorefinery)
7.3.4 Estimated consumption of lignin
7.3.5 Prices
7.3.6 Heat and power energy
7.3.7 Pyrolysis and syngas
7.3.8 Aromatic compounds
7.3.8.1 Benzene, toluene and xylene
7.3.8.2 Phenol and phenolic resins
7.3.8.3 Vanillin
7.3.9 Plastics and polymers
7.3.10 Hydrogels
7.3.11 Carbon materials
7.3.11.1 Carbon black
7.3.11.2 Activated carbons
7.3.11.3 Carbon fiber
7.3.12 Concrete
7.3.13 Rubber
7.3.14 Biofuels
7.3.15 Bitumen and Asphalt
7.3.16 Oil and gas
7.3.17 Energy storage
7.3.17.1 Supercapacitors
7.3.17.2 Anodes for lithium-ion batteries
7.3.17.3 Gel electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
7.3.17.4 Binders for lithium-ion batteries
7.3.17.5 Cathodes for lithium-ion batteries
7.3.17.6 Sodium-ion batteries
7.3.18 Binders, emulsifiers and dispersants
7.3.19 Chelating agents
7.3.20 Ceramics
7.3.21 Automotive interiors
7.3.22 Fire retardants
7.3.23 Antioxidants
7.3.24 Lubricants
7.3.25 Dust control
7.4 COMPANY PROFILES (71 company profiles)

8.1 BIOFUELS
8.1.1 The biofuels market
8.1.2 Types
8.1.2.1 Solid Biofuels
8.1.2.2 Liquid Biofuels
8.1.2.3 Gaseous Biofuels
8.1.2.4 Conventional Biofuels
8.1.2.5 Advanced Biofuels
8.1.3 Feedstocks
8.1.3.1 First-Generation Feedstocks
8.1.3.2 Second-Generation Feedstocks
8.1.3.3 Third-Generation Feedstocks
8.1.3.4 Fourth-Generation Feedstocks
8.1.3.5 Market demand
8.1.4 Bioethanol
8.1.5 Bio-jet (bio-aviation) fuels
8.1.5.1 Description
8.1.5.2 Global market
8.1.5.3 Production pathways
8.1.5.4 Costs
8.1.5.5 Biojet fuel production capacities
8.1.5.6 Challenges
8.1.6 Biomass-based diesel
8.1.6.1 Biodiesel
8.1.6.2 Renewable diesel
8.1.7 Syngas
8.1.8 Biogas and biomethane
8.1.8.1 Feedstocks
8.1.9 Biobutanol
8.1.9.1 Production
8.2 ELECTROFUELS (E-FUELS)
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.1.1 Benefits of e-fuels
8.2.2 Feedstocks
8.2.2.1 Hydrogen electrolysis
8.2.2.2 CO2 capture
8.2.3 Production
8.2.4 Electrolysers
8.2.4.1 Commercial alkaline electrolyser cells (AECs)
8.2.4.2 PEM electrolysers (PEMEC)
8.2.4.3 High-temperature solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOECs)
8.2.5 Direct Air Capture (DAC)
8.2.5.1 Technologies
8.2.5.2 Markets for DAC
8.2.5.3 Costs
8.2.5.4 Challenges
8.2.5.5 Companies and production
8.2.5.6 CO2 capture from point sources
8.2.6 Costs
8.2.7 Market challenges
8.2.8 Companies
8.3 GREEN AMMONIA
8.3.1 Production
8.3.1.1 Decarbonisation of ammonia production
8.3.1.2 Green ammonia projects
8.3.2 Green ammonia synthesis methods
8.3.2.1 Haber-Bosch process
8.3.2.2 Biological nitrogen fixation
8.3.2.3 Electrochemical production
8.3.2.4 Chemical looping processes
8.3.3 Blue ammonia
8.3.3.1 Blue ammonia projects
8.3.4 Markets and applications
8.3.4.1 Chemical energy storage
8.3.4.2 Marine fuel
8.3.5 Costs
8.3.6 Estimated market demand
8.3.7 Companies and projects
8.4 COMPANY PROFILES (114 company profiles)

Table 1. Market drivers and trends in biobased and sustainable plastics
Table 2. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2018-2030, in 1,000 tons
Table 3. Global production capacities, by producers
Table 4. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2019-2030, by type, in 1,000 tons
Table 5. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2019-2025, by region, tons
Table 6. Issues related to the use of plastics
Table 7. List of Bio-based chemicals
Table 8. Biobased MEG producers capacities
Table 9. Type of biodegradation
Table 10. Advantages and disadvantages of biobased plastics compared to conventional plastics
Table 11. Types of Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastics, applications
Table 12. Market leader by Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastic types
Table 13. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis
Table 14. Lactic acid producers and production capacities
Table 15. PLA producers and production capacities
Table 16. Planned PLA capacity expansions in China
Table 17. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) market analysis
Table 18. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) producers
Table 19. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) market analysis
Table 20. Production capacities of Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), by leading producers
Table 21. Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) market analysis
Table 22. PEF vs. PET
Table 23. FDCA and PEF producers
Table 24. Bio-based polyamides (Bio-PA) market analysis
Table 25. Leading Bio-PA producers production capacities
Table 26. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) market analysis
Table 27. Leading PBAT producers, production capacities and brands
Table 28. Bio-PBS market analysis
Table 29. Leading PBS producers and production capacities
Table 30. Bio-based Polyethylene (Bio-PE) market analysis
Table 31. Leading Bio-PE producers
Table 32. Bio-PP market analysis
Table 33. Leading Bio-PP producers and capacities
Table 34.Types of PHAs and properties
Table 35. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers
Table 36. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods
Table 37. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) market analysis
Table 38. Commercially available PHAs
Table 39. Markets and applications for PHAs
Table 40. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging
Table 41. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) producers
Table 42. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) market analysis
Table 43. Leading MFC producers and capacities
Table 44. Cellulose nanocrystals analysis
Table 45: Cellulose nanocrystal production capacities and production process, by producer
Table 46. Cellulose nanofibers market analysis
Table 47. CNF production capacities (by type, wet or dry) and production process, by producer, metric tonnes
Table 48. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies
Table 49. Types of algal and fungal based-bioplastics, applications and companies
Table 50. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size
Table 51. Companies developing algal-based bioplastics
Table 52. Overview of mycelium fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 53. Companies developing mycelium-based bioplastics
Table 54. Overview of chitosan-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 55. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics in 2019-2025, by region, tons
Table 56. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in North America
Table 57. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Europe
Table 58. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Asia-Pacific
Table 59. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Latin America
Table 60. Granbio Nanocellulose Processes
Table 61. Lactips plastic pellets
Table 62. Oji Holdings CNF products
Table 63. Application, manufacturing method, and matrix materials of natural fibers
Table 64. Typical properties of natural fibers
Table 65. Overview of cotton fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 66. Overview of kapok fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 67. Overview of luffa fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 68. Overview of jute fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 69. Overview of hemp fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 70. Overview of flax fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 71. Overview of ramie fibers- description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 72. Overview of kenaf fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 73. Overview of sisal leaf fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 74. Overview of abaca fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 75. Overview of coir fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 76. Overview of banana fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 77. Overview of pineapple fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 78. Overview of rice fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 79. Overview of corn fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 80. Overview of switch grass fibers-description, properties and applications
Table 81. Overview of sugarcane fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and application and market size
Table 82. Overview of bamboo fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 83. Overview of mycelium fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 84. Overview of chitosan fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 85. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size
Table 86. Overview of wool fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 87. Alternative wool materials producers
Table 88. Overview of silk fibers-description, properties, application and market size
Table 89. Alternative silk materials producers
Table 90. Alternative leather materials producers
Table 91. Alternative down materials producers
Table 92. Applications of natural fiber composites
Table 93. Typical properties of short natural fiber-thermoplastic composites
Table 94. Properties of non-woven natural fiber mat composites
Table 95. Properties of aligned natural fiber composites
Table 96. Properties of natural fiber-bio-based polymer compounds
Table 97. Properties of natural fiber-bio-based polymer non-woven mats
Table 98. Natural fibers in the aerospace sector-market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use
Table 99. Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite in the automotive market
Table 100. Natural fibers in the aerospace sector- market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use
Table 101. Applications of natural fibers in the automotive industry
Table 102. Natural fibers in the building/construction sector- market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use
Table 103. Applications of natural fibers in the building/construction sector
Table 104. Natural fibers in the sports and leisure sector-market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use
Table 105. Natural fibers in the textiles sector- market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use
Table 106. Natural fibers in the packaging sector-market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use
Table 107. Oji Holdings CNF products
Table 108. Technical lignin types and applications
Table 109. Classification of technical lignins
Table 110. Lignin content of selected biomass
Table 111. Properties of lignins and their applications
Table 112. Example markets and applications for lignin
Table 113. Processes for lignin production
Table 114. Biorefinery feedstocks
Table 115. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins
Table 116. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes
Table 117. Market drivers and trends for lignin
Table 118. Lignin industry developments 2020-2021
Table 119. Production capacities of technical lignin producers
Table 120. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers
Table 121. Estimated consumption of lignin, 2019-2031 (000 MT)
Table 122. Prices of benzene, toluene, xylene and their derivatives
Table 123. Application of lignin in plastics and polymers
Table 124. Lignin-derived anodes in lithium batteries
Table 125. Application of lignin in binders, emulsifiers and dispersants
Table 126. Categories and examples of solid biofuel
Table 127. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity
Table 128. Biorefinery feedstocks
Table 129. Feedstock conversion pathways
Table 130. First-Generation Feedstocks
Table 131. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities
Table 132. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins
Table 133. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes
Table 134. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol
Table 135. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae
Table 136. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops
Table 137. Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels, by generation
Table 138. Advantages and disadvantages of biojet fuel
Table 139. Production pathways for bio-jet fuel
Table 140. Current and announced biojet fuel facilities and capacities
Table 141, Biodiesel production techniques
Table 142. Biodiesel by generation
Table 143. Biogas feedstocks
Table 144. Applications of e-fuels, by type
Table 145. Overview of e-fuels
Table 146. Benefits of e-fuels
Table 147. Main characteristics of different electrolyzer technologies
Table 148. Advantages and disadvantages of DAC
Table 149. DAC companies and technologies
Table 150. Markets for DAC
Table 151. Cost estimates of DAC
Table 152. Challenges for DAC technology
Table 153. DAC technology developers and production
Table 154. Market challenges for e-fuels
Table 155. E-fuels companies
Table 156. Green ammonia projects (current and planned)
Table 157. Blue ammonia projects
Table 158. Ammonia fuel cell technologies
Table 159. Market overview of green ammonia in marine fuel
Table 160. Summary of marine alternative fuels
Table 161. Estimated costs for different types of ammonia
Table 162. Main players in green ammonia
Table 163. Granbio Nanocellulose Processes

Figure 1. Total global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics, all types, 000 tons
Figure 2. Global production capacities of bioplastics 2018-2030, in 1,000 tons by biodegradable/non-biodegradable types
Figure 3. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics in 2019-2030, by type, in 1,000 tons
Figure 4. Global production capacities of bioplastics in 2019-2025, by type
Figure 5. Global production capacities of bioplastics in 2030, by type
Figure 6. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics
Figure 7. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics
Figure 8. Current and future applications of biobased and sustainable plastics
Figure 9. Global demand for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market,
Figure 10. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2019-2030, tons
Figure 11. Challenges for the biobased and sustainable plastics market
Figure 12. Global plastics production 1950-2018, millions of tons
Figure 13. Bio-based chemicals production capacities, 2018-2025
Figure 14. 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) production capacities, 2018-2025 (tonnes)
Figure 15. Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) production capacities, 2018-2025 (tonnes)
Figure 16. Epichlorohydrin production capacities, 2018-2025 (tonnes)
Figure 17. Ethylene production capacities, 2018-2025 (tonnes)
Figure 18. L-lactic acid (L-LA) production capacities, 2018-2025 (tonnes).71
Figure 19. Lactide production capacities, 2018-2025 (tonnes)
Figure 20. Bio-MEG producers capacities
Figure 21. Bio-MPG production capacities, 2018-2025
Figure 22. Naphtha production capacities, 2018-2025 (tonnes)
Figure 23. 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) production capacities, 2018-2025 (tonnes)
Figure 24. Sebacic acid production capacities, 2018-2025 (tonnes)
Figure 25. Coca-Cola PlantBottle®
Figure 26. Interrelationship between conventional, bio-based and biodegradable plastics
Figure 27. Production capacities of Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) to
Figure 28. PHA family
Figure 29. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix
Figure 30. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam
Figure 31. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials
Figure 32. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics
Figure 33. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics
Figure 34. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2019, 1,000 tons
Figure 35. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2020, 1,000 tons
Figure 36. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2030
Figure 37. PHA bioplastics products
Figure 38. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in packaging 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 39. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in consumer products 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 40. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in automotive 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 41. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in building and construction 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 42. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in textiles 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 43. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in electronics 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 44. Biodegradable mulch films
Figure 45. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in agriculture 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons
Figure 46. Algiknit yarn
Figure 47. Bio-PA rear bumper stay
Figure 48. formicobio™ technology
Figure 49. nanoforest-S
Figure 50. nanoforest-PDP
Figure 51. nanoforest-MB
Figure 52. CuanSave film
Figure 53. ELLEX products
Figure 54. CNF-reinforced PP compounds
Figure 55. Kirekira! toilet wipes
Figure 56. Mushroom leather
Figure 57. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE)
Figure 58. PHA production process
Figure 59. Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials
Figure 60. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer)
Figure 61. CNF gel
Figure 62. Block nanocellulose material
Figure 63. CNF products developed by Hokuetsu
Figure 64. Made of Air's HexChar panels
Figure 65. IPA synthesis method
Figure 66. MOGU-Wave panels
Figure 67. Reishi
Figure 68. Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers
Figure 69. Compostable water pod
Figure 70. CNF clear sheets
Figure 71. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product
Figure 72. Manufacturing process for STARCEL
Figure 73. Lyocell process
Figure 74. Spider silk production
Figure 75. Sulapac cosmetics containers
Figure 76. Sulzer equipment for PLA polymerization processing
Figure 77. Teijin bioplastic film for door handles
Figure 78. Corbion FDCA production process
Figure 79. Visolis’ Hybrid Bio-Thermocatalytic Process
Figure 80. Types of natural fibers
Figure 81. Cotton production volume 2018-2030 (Million MT)
Figure 82. Kapok production volume 2018-2030 (MT)
Figure 83. Luffa cylindrica fiber
Figure 84. Jute production volume 2018-2030 (Million MT)
Figure 85. Hemp fiber production volume 2018-2030 (Million MT)
Figure 86. Flax fiber production volume 2018-2030 (MT)
Figure 87. Ramie fiber production volume 2018-2030 (MT)
Figure 88. Kenaf fiber production volume 2018-2030 (MT)
Figure 89. Sisal fiber production volume 2018-2030 (MT)
Figure 90. Abaca fiber production volume 2018-2030 (MT)
Figure 91. Coir fiber production volume 2018-2030 (MILLION MT)
Figure 92. Banana fiber production volume 2018-2030 (MT)
Figure 93. Pineapple fiber
Figure 94. Bamboo fiber production volume 2018-2030 (MILLION MT)
Figure 95. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam
Figure 96. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials
Figure 97. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix
Figure 98. Hemp fibers combined with PP in car door panel
Figure 99. Car door produced from Hemp fiber
Figure 100. Mercedes-Benz components containing natural fibers
Figure 101. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel
Figure 102. Coir mats for erosion control
Figure 103. Global fiber production in 2019, by fiber type, million MT and %
Figure 104. Global fiber production (million MT) to 2020-2030
Figure 105. Plant-based fiber production 2018-2030, by fiber type, MT
Figure 106. Animal based fiber production 2018-2030, by fiber type, million MT
Figure 107. Pluumo
Figure 108. Algiknit yarn
Figure 109. Amadou leather shoes
Figure 110. Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel
Figure 111. MEDICELLU™
Figure 112. Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet
Figure 113. Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric
Figure 114. CNF nonwoven fabric
Figure 115. Roof frame made of natural fiber
Figure 116. Beyond Leather Materials product
Figure 117. Natural fibres racing seat
Figure 118. Cellugy materials
Figure 119. nanoforest-S
Figure 120. nanoforest-PDP
Figure 121. nanoforest-MB
Figure 122. Celish
Figure 123. Trunk lid incorporating CNF
Figure 124. ELLEX products
Figure 125. CNF-reinforced PP compounds
Figure 126. Kirekira! toilet wipes
Figure 127. Color CNF
Figure 128. Rheocrysta spray
Figure 129. DKS CNF products
Figure 130. Mushroom leather
Figure 131. CNF based on citrus peel
Figure 132. Citrus cellulose nanofiber
Figure 133. Filler Bank CNC products
Figure 134. Fibers on kapok tree and after processing
Figure 135. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE)
Figure 136. CNF products from Furukawa Electric
Figure 137. Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials
Figure 138. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer)
Figure 139. CNF gel
Figure 140. Block nanocellulose material
Figure 141. CNF products developed by Hokuetsu
Figure 142. Marine leather products
Figure 143. Dual Graft System
Figure 144. Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins
Figure 145. Acrylic resin blended with modified CNF (fluid) and its molded product (transparent film), and image obtained with AFM (CNF 10wt% blended)
Figure 146. Kami Shoji CNF products
Figure 147. 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side)
Figure 148. BioFlex process
Figure 149. Chitin nanofiber product
Figure 150. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products
Figure 151. FibriMa cellulose nanofiber powder.527
Figure 152. Cellulomix production process
Figure 153. Nanobase versus conventional products
Figure 154. MOGU-Wave panels
Figure 155. CNF slurries
Figure 156. Range of CNF products
Figure 157. Reishi
Figure 158. Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers
Figure 159. Leather made from leaves
Figure 160. Nike shoe with beLEAF™
Figure 161. CNF clear sheets
Figure 162. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product
Figure 163. XCNF
Figure 164. CNF insulation flat plates
Figure 165. Manufacturing process for STARCEL
Figure 166. Lyocell process
Figure 167. North Face Spiber Moon Parka
Figure 168. Spider silk production
Figure 169. 2 wt.% CNF suspension
Figure 170. BiNFi-s Dry Powder
Figure 171. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet
Figure 172. Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material
Figure 173. Sulapac cosmetics containers
Figure 174. Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF
Figure 175. CNF resin products
Figure 176. Vegea production process
Figure 177. HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test
Figure 178. Bio-based barrier bags prepared from Tempo-CNF coated bio-HDPE film
Figure 179. Worn Again products
Figure 180. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process
Figure 181. High purity lignin
Figure 182. Lignocellulose architecture
Figure 183. Extraction processes to separate lignin from lignocellulosic biomass and corresponding technical lignins
Figure 184. The lignocellulose biorefinery
Figure 185. LignoBoost process
Figure 186. LignoForce system for lignin recovery from black liquor
Figure 187. Sequential liquid-lignin recovery and purification (SLPR) system
Figure 188. A-Recovery+ chemical recovery concept
Figure 189. Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals
Figure 190. Organosolv lignin
Figure 191. Hydrolytic lignin powder
Figure 192. Estimated consumption of lignin, 2019-2031 (000 MT)
Figure 193. Schematic of WISA plywood home
Figure 194. Lignin based activated carbon
Figure 195. Lignin/celluose precursor
Figure 196. ANDRITZ Lignin Recovery process
Figure 197. DAWN Technology Process
Figure 198. BALI™ technology
Figure 199. Pressurized Hot Water Extraction
Figure 200. sunliquid® production process
Figure 201. Domsjö process
Figure 202. TMP-Bio Process
Figure 203. Flow chart of the lignocellulose biorefinery pilot plant in Leuna
Figure 204. AVAPTM process
Figure 205. GreenPower+™ process
Figure 206. BioFlex process
Figure 207. LX Process
Figure 208. METNIN™ Lignin refining technology
Figure 209. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process
Figure 210: Plantrose process
Figure 211. Hansa lignin
Figure 212. UPM biorefinery process
Figure 213. The Proesa® Process
Figure 214. Goldilocks process and applications
Figure 215. Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals
Figure 216. Hydrolytic lignin powder
Figure 217. Liquid biofuel production and consumption (in thousands of m3), 2000-2021
Figure 218. Distribution of global liquid biofuel production in
Figure 219. Ethanol consumption 2010-2027 (million litres)
Figure 220. Global bio-jet fuel consumption 2010-2027 (M litres/year)
Figure 221. Global biodiesel consumption, 2010-2027 (M litres/year)
Figure 222. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2010-2027 (M litres/year)
Figure 223. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm³/h of Syngas,
Figure 224. Biogas and biomethane pathways
Figure 225. Properties of petrol and biobutanol
Figure 226. Biobutanol production route
Figure 227. Process steps in the production of electrofuels
Figure 228. Mapping storage technologies according to performance characteristics
Figure 229. Production process for green hydrogen
Figure 230. E-liquids production routes.736
Figure 231. Fischer-Tropsch liquid e-fuel products
Figure 232. Resources required for liquid e-fuel production
Figure 233. Schematic of Climeworks DAC system
Figure 234. Levelized cost and fuel-switching CO2 prices of e-fuels
Figure 235. Cost breakdown for e-fuels
Figure 236. Classification and process technology according to carbon emission in ammonia production
Figure 237. Green ammonia production and use
Figure 238. Schematic of the Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis reaction
Figure 239. Schematic of hydrogen production via steam methane reformation
Figure 240. Estimated production cost of green ammonia
Figure 241. Projected annual ammonia production, million tons
Figure 242. ANDRITZ Lignin Recovery process
Figure 243. FBPO process
Figure 244. Direct Air Capture Process
Figure 245. CRI process
Figure 246. Domsjö process
Figure 247. FuelPositive system
Figure 248. Infinitree swing method
Figure 249. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process
Figure 250: Plantrose process
Figure 251. The Velocys process
Figure 252. Goldilocks process and applications