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North America EV Battery Market by Type (Li-ion, Ni-MH, SLA, Ultracapacitor, Solid-state Batteries), Capacity (300 kWh), Bonding Type (Wire, Laser), Form, Application, End User, and Country - Forecast to 2028

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    Report

  • 108 Pages
  • March 2022
  • Region: North America
  • Meticulous Market Research Pvt. Ltd.
  • ID: 5557809
North American EV Batteries Market by Type (Li-ion, Ni-MH, SLA, Ultracapacitor, Solid-state Batteries), Capacity (< 50 kWh, 51-100 kWh, 101-300 kWh, >300 kWh), Bonding Type (Wire, Laser), Form, Application, End User, and Country -Forecast to 2028

The research report titled “North American EV Batteries Market by Type (Li-ion, Ni-MH, SLA, Ultracapacitors, Solid-state Batteries), Capacity (< 50 kWh, 51-100 kWh, 101-300 kWh, >300 kWh), Bonding Type (Wire, Laser), Form, Application, End-user, and Geography -Forecast to 2028”, provides an in-depth analysis of the North American EV batteries market and emphasizes on the current market trends, COVID-19 impact, market size, market shares, recent developments, and forecast till 2028. The North American EV Batteries Market is expected to reach $22.79 billion by 2028, at a CAGR of 30.2% during the forecast period, 2021-2028.

The growth of this market is mainly attributed to factors such as increasing investments by leading automotive OEMs to set up battery manufacturing facilities in the region, increasing adoption of EVs, and decreasing battery prices. Increasing investments in alternative batter technology provide significant growth opportunities for market players.

The study offers a comprehensive analysis of the North American EV batteries market with respect to type (lithium-ion, sealed lead acid, nickel-metal hydride, ultracapacitors, solid-state, and other batteries), capacity (less than 50 kWh, 51 kWh to 100 kWh, 101 kWh to 300 kWh, and more than 300 kWh), bonding type (wire bonding and laser bonding), form (prismatic, cylindrical, and pouch), application (electric cars, light commercial vehicles, heavy commercial vehicles, e-scooters and motorcycles, and e-bikes), end user (electric vehicle OEMs and battery swapping stations), and country. The study also evaluates industry competitors and analyzes the market at the country level.

Based on type, the North American EV batteries market is mainly segmented into lithium-ion batteries, sealed lead acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, ultracapacitors, solid-state batteries, and other batteries. The solid-state battery segment is expected to grow at the fastest rate once it gets commercialized. As per Meticulous Research® analysis, we expect the commercialization of solid-state batteries would happen from 2025. A solid-state battery can effectively increase the energy density per unit area as compared to lithium-ion batteries. Due to such properties, a solid-state battery pack will have a higher capacity than a lithium-ion battery of the same size.

Based on capacity, the North American EV batteries market is mainly segmented into less than 50kWh, 51kWh to 100kWh, 101kWh to 300kWh, and more than 300kWh. The 101kWh to 300kWh segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. This capacity segment has a high growth rate during the forecast period mainly because 101kWh to 300kWh power capacity batteries are widely used in light commercial vehicles and utility vehicles. The adoption of such EVs is increasing due to the rise in fuel prices and government initiatives for lowering fleet emissions of logistics and public transportation. Also, the increasing launch of new EVs by automotive OEMs for electrification of logistics and public transport fleets and increasing adoption of electric vehicles by e-commerce companies, such as Amazon and UPS, support the market’s growth during the forecast period.

Based on bonding type, the North American EV batteries market is mainly segmented into wire bonding and laser bonding. The laser bonding segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. This segment is expected to have high growth during the forecast period mainly because laser-welded bonds can withstand higher currents, offers the advantages of narrow welds, high welding speed, and low heat level, which is important for battery tab welding chemicals within the batteries are heat sensitive.

Laser welding is a reliable technology to connect battery cells and achieve fast, automated, precise production of battery pack conductive joints. Lasers offer the advantages of precision and non-contact welding, which can be adapted to fit small areas with low accessibility using a concentrated heat source.

Based on form, the North American EV batteries market is segmented into prismatic, cylindrical, and pouch. The pouch segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. The high growth of this segment is attributed to higher energy density compared with the same weight of prismatic cells, more safety performance, and lower internal resistance. A pouch cell’s energy storage capacity is much greater in a given physical space than cylindrical cells. Leading automotive and battery OEMs are investing in pouch cell formats for powering the upcoming EVs.

Based on application, the North American EV batteries market is segmented into electric cars, light commercial vehicles, heavy commercial vehicles, e-scooters & motorcycles, and e-bikes. The light commercial vehicles segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. The high growth of this segment during the forecast period is attributed to the increasing shift of retail MNCs and transport fleet operators to electric light commercial vehicles, growing awareness regarding the role of electric vehicles in reducing emissions, increase in demand for electric vehicles to reduce fleet emissions, and stringent government rules and regulations towards vehicle emissions. The mass production of batteries and government tax incentives have further brought down vehicle costs, making electric light commercial vehicles much more cost-effective.

Based on end user, the North American EV batteries market is segmented into electric vehicle OEMs and battery swapping stations. The battery swapping stations segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. This segment is expected to have high growth during the forecast period mainly because battery swapping service helps reduce EV acquisition costs, increase the battery lifespan, and increase the launch of battery swapping services by various automotive start-up companies. Also, other mobility stakeholders such as oil refining companies are partnering with e-mobility start-ups to set up battery swapping stations, which will support the market growth of this segment.

Based on country, the market is segmented into the U.S. and Canada. The U.S. is expected to account for the largest share of the North American EV batteries market. The increasing adoption of electric vehicles, the presence of raw material resources for cobalt and lithium, and increasing investment in EV battery development are some of the major factors driving the country’s market growth.

The key players operating in the North American EV batteries market are NOHMs Technologies, Inc. (U.S.), QuantumScape Corporation (U.S.), American Battery Solutions, Inc. (U.S.), Clarios (U.S.), Romeo Power, Inc. (U.S.), and Electrovaya Inc. (Canada).

Key Questions Answered in the Report:

  • Which are the high-growth market segments in terms of type, capacity, bonding type, form, application, end-user, and country?
  • What is the historical market size for the North American EV batteries market?
  • What are the market forecasts and estimates for the period 2021-2028?
  • What are the major drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges in the North American EV batteries market?
  • Who are the major players in the market, and what share of the market do they hold?
  • How is the competitive landscape for the North American EV batteries market?
  • What are the recent developments in the North American EV batteries market?
  • What are the different strategies adopted by the major players in the market?
  • What are the key trends, and which are the high-growth countries?
  • Who are the local emerging players in the North American EV batteries market, and how do they compete with the other players?

Scope of the Report:


North American EV Batteries Market, by Type

  • Lithium-ion Batteries
  • Sealed Lead Acid Batteries
  • Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
  • Ultracapacitors
  • Solid-State Batteries
  • Other Batteries

North American EV Batteries Market, by Capacity

  • Less Than 50 kWh
  • 51 kWh to 100 kWh
  • 101 kWh to 300 kWh
  • More Than 300 kWh

North American EV Batteries Market, by Bonding Type

  • Wire Bonding
  • Laser Bonding

North American EV Batteries Market, by Form

  • Prismatic
  • Cylindrical
  • Pouch

North American EV Batteries Market, by Application

  • Electric Cars
  • Battery Electric Vehicles
  • Lithium-ion Batterie
  • Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
  • Ultracapacitors
  • Solid-State Batteries
  • Other Batteries
  • Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
  • Lithium-ion Batteries
  • Ultracapacitors
  • Solid-State Batteries
  • Other Batteries
  • Pure Hybrid Electric Vehicles
  • Lithium-ion Batteries
  • Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
  • Ultracapacitors
  • Solid-State Batteries
  • Other Batteries
  • Light Commercial Vehicles
  • Heavy Commercial Vehicles
  • E-scooters & Motorcycles
  • E-bikes

North American EV Batteries Market, by End User

  • Electric Vehicle OEMs
  • Battery Swapping Stations

North American EV Batteries Market, by Country

  • U.S.
  • Canada

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
1.1. Market Ecosystem
1.2. Currency
1.3. Key Stakeholders
2. Research Methodology
2.1. Research Process
2.2. Data Collection & Validation
2.2.1. Secondary Research
2.2.2. Primary Research
2.3. Market Assessment
2.3.1. Market Size Estimation
2.3.1.1. Bottom-Up Approach
2.3.1.2. Top-Down Approach
2.3.1.3. Market Size Validation
2.3.1.4. Growth Forecast
2.4. Assumptions for the Study
2.5. Limitations for the Study
3. Executive Summary
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Segment Analysis
3.3. Regional Analysis
3.4. Key Players
4. COVID-19 Impact Assessment
5. Market Insights
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Market Dynamics
5.2.1. Drivers
5.2.1.1. Increasing Investments by Leading Automotive OEMs to Set Up Battery Manufacturing Facilities in the Region
5.2.1.2. Increasing adoption of EVs
5.2.1.3. Decreasing Battery Prices
5.2.2. Restraints
5.2.2.1. Less Energy Density of Batteries
5.2.3. Opportunities
5.2.3.1. Increasing Investments in Alternative Battery Technology
5.2.4. Challenges
5.2.4.1. High Import Cost of Raw Materials for Battery Manufacturing
5.3. Value Chain Analysis
5.4. Pricing Analysis
5.5. Technology Analysis
5.5.1. Improvement in Battery Composition
5.5.2. Improvement in Battery Charging Rate
5.5.3. Improvement in Battery Optimization
5.5.4. Battery Design and Location in EV
5.6. Raw Material Analysis
5.7. Patent Analysis
6. North American Electric Vehicle Batteries Market, by Type
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Lithium-Ion Batteries
6.3. Sealed Lead Acid Batteries
6.4. Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
6.5. Ultracapacitors
6.6. Solid-State Batteries
6.7. Other Batteries
7. North American Electric Vehicle Batteries Market, by Capacity
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Less Than 50kWh
7.3. 51kWh to 100kWh
7.4. 101kWh to 300kWh
7.5. More Than 300kWh
8. North American Electric Vehicle Batteries Market, by Bonding Type
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Wire Bonding
8.3. Laser Bonding
9. North American Electric Vehicle Batteries Market, by Form
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Prismatic
9.3. Cylindrical
9.4. Pouch
10. North American Electric Vehicle Batteries Market, by Application
10.1 Introduction
10.2. Electric Cars
10.2.1. Battery Electric Vehicles
10.2.1.1. Lithium-Ion Batteries
10.2.1.2. Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
10.2.1.3. Ultracapacitors
10.2.1.4. Solid-State Batteries
10.2.1.5. Other Batteries
10.2.2. Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
10.2.2.1. Lithium-Ion Batteries
10.2.2.2. Ultracapacitors
10.2.2.3. Solid-State Batteries
10.2.2.4. Other Batteries
10.2.3. Pure Hybrid Electric Vehicles
10.2.3.1. Lithium-Ion Batteries
10.2.3.2. Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
10.2.3.3. Ultracapacitors
10.2.3.4. Solid-State Batteries
10.2.3.5. Other Batteries
10.3. Light Commercial Vehicles
10.4. Heavy Commercial Vehicles
10.5. E-Scooters & Motorcycles
10.6. E-Bikes
11. North American Electric Vehicle Batteries Market, by End User
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Electric Vehicle OEMs
11.3. Battery Swapping Stations
12. North American Electric Vehicle Batteries Market, by Country
12.1. Introduction
12.2. U.S.
12.3. Canada
13. Competitive Landscape
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Key Growth Strategies
13.3. Competitive Benchmarking
13.4. Market Share Analysis (2020)
14. Key Company Profiles
14.1. NOHMs Technologies, Inc.
14.1.1. Business Overview
14.1.2. Financial Overview
14.1.3. Product Portfolio
14.1.4. Strategic Developments
14.2. QuantumScape Corporation
14.2.1. Business Overview
14.2.2. Financial Overview
14.2.3. Product Portfolio
14.2.4. Strategic Developments
14.3. American Battery Solutions, Inc.
14.3.1. Business Overview
14.3.2. Financial Overview
14.3.3. Product Portfolio
14.3.4. Strategic Developments
14.4. Clarios
14.4.1. Business Overview
14.4.2. Financial Overview
14.4.3. Product Portfolio
14.4.4. Strategic Development
14.5. Romeo Power, Inc.
14.5.1. Business Overview
14.5.2. Financial Overview
14.5.3. Product Portfolio
14.5.4. Strategic Developments
14.6. Electrovaya Inc.
14.6.1. Business Overview
14.6.2. Financial Overview
14.6.3. Product Portfolio
14.6.4. Strategic Developments
15. Appendix
15.1. Questionnaire
15.2. q Available Customization
List of Tables
Table 1 North America EV Batteries Market Size and CAGR (USD Million)
Table 2 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 3 Lithium-Ion EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 4 Sealed Lead Acid EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 5 Nickel-Metal Hydride EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 6 Ultracapacitors EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 7 Solid-state EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2025-2028, (USD Million)
Table 8 Other EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 9 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Capacity, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 10 Less than 50kWh EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 11 51kWh to 100kWh EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 12 101kWh to 300kWh EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 13 More than 300kWh EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 14 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Bonding Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 15 Wire Bonding EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 16 Laser Bonding EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 17 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Form, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 18 Prismatic EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 19 Cylindrical EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 20 Pouch EV Batteries Market Size, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 21 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Application, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 22 North America EV Batteries Market Size for Electric Cars, by Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 23 North America EV Batteries Market Size for Electric Cars, by Country/region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 24 North America EV Batteries Market Size for Battery Electric Vehicles, by Battery Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 25 North America EV Batteries Market Size for Battery Electric Vehicles, by Country/region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 26 Lithium-Ion EV Batteries Market Size for Battery Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 27 Nickel-Metal Hydride EV Batteries Market Size for Battery Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 28 Ultracapacitors EV Batteries Market Size for Battery Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 29 Solid-state EV Batteries Market Size for Battery Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2025-2028, (USD Million)
Table 30 Other EV Batteries Market Size for Battery Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 31 North America EV Batteries Market Size for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Battery Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 32 North America EV Batteries Market Size for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Country/region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 33 Lithium-Ion EV Batteries Market Size for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 34 Ultracapacitors EV Batteries Market Size for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 35 Solid-state EV Batteries Market Size for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2025-2028, (USD Million)
Table 36 Other EV Batteries Market Size for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 37 North America EV Batteries Market Size for Pure Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Battery Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 38 North America EV Batteries Market Size for Pure Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Country/region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 39 Lithium-Ion EV Batteries Market Size for Pure Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 40 Nickel-Metal Hydride EV Batteries Market Size for Pure Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 41 Ultracapacitors EV Batteries Market Size for Pure Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 42 Solid-state EV Batteries Market Size for Pure Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2025-2028, (USD Million)
Table 43 Other EV Batteries Market Size for Pure Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Country/Region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 44 North America EV Batteries Market Size for Light Commercial Vehicles, by Country/region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 45 North America EV Batteries Market Size for Heavy Commercial Vehicles, by Country/region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 46 North America EV Batteries Market Size for E-scooters & Motorcycles, by Country/region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 47 North America EV Batteries Market Size for E-bikes, by Country/region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 48 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by End-user, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 49 North America EV Batteries Market Size for Electric Vehicle OEMs, by Country/region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 50 North America EV Batteries Market Size for Battery Swapping Stations, by Country/region, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 51 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Country, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 52 North America: EV Batteries Market Size, by Country, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 53 North America: EV Batteries Market Size, by Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 54 North America: EV Batteries Market Size, by Capacity, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 55 North America: EV Batteries Market Size, by Bonding Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 56 North America: EV Batteries Market Size, by Form, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 57 North America: EV Batteries Market Size, by Application, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 58 North America: EV Batteries Market Size for Electric Cars, by Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 59 North America: EV Batteries Market Size for Battery Electric Vehicles, by Battery Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 60 North America: EV Batteries Market Size for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Battery Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 61 North America: EV Batteries Market Size for Pure Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Battery Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 62 North America: EV Batteries Market Size, by End-user, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 63 U.S.: EV Batteries Market Size, by Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 64 U.S.: EV Batteries Market Size, by Capacity, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 65 U.S.: EV Batteries Market Size, by Bonding Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 66 U.S.: EV Batteries Market Size, by Form, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 67 U.S.: EV Batteries Market Size, by Application, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 68 U.S.: EV Batteries Market Size for Electric Cars, by Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 69 U.S.: EV Batteries Market Size for Battery Electric Vehicles, by Battery Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 70 U.S.: EV Batteries Market Size for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Battery Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 71 U.S.: EV Batteries Market Size for Pure Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Battery Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 72 U.S.: EV Batteries Market Size, by End-user, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 73 Canada: EV Batteries Market Size, by Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 74 Canada: EV Batteries Market Size, by Capacity, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 75 Canada: EV Batteries Market Size, by Bonding Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 76 Canada: EV Batteries Market Size, by Form, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 77 Canada: EV Batteries Market Size, by Application, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 78 Canada: EV Batteries Market Size for Electric Cars, by Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 79 Canada: EV Batteries Market Size for Battery Electric Vehicles, by Battery Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 80 Canada: EV Batteries Market Size for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Battery Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 81 Canada: EV Batteries Market Size for Pure Hybrid Electric Vehicles, by Battery Type, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 82 Canada: EV Batteries Market Size, by End-user, 2019-2028, (USD Million)
Table 83 Recent key Developments, by Company, 2018-2021
List of Figures
Figure 1 Currency and Limitations
Figure 2 Research Process
Figure 3 Key Secondary Sources
Figure 4 Primary Research Techniques
Figure 5 Key Executives Interviewed
Figure 6 Market Size Estimation
Figure 7 Key Insights
Figure 8 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Type, 2021 vs. 2028
Figure 9 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Capacity, 2021 vs. 2028
Figure 10 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Bonding Type, 2021 vs. 2028
Figure 11 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Form, 2021 vs. 2028
Figure 12 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Application, 2021 vs. 2028
Figure 13 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by End-user, 2021 vs. 2028
Figure 14 Geographic Snapshot: EV Batteries Market Size, 2028
Figure 15 Impact of COVID-19 on the North America EV Battery Market
Figure 16 Market Dynamics
Figure 17 North America EV Batteries Market Value Chain
Figure 18 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Type, 2021-2028 (USD Million)
Figure 19 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Capacity, 2021-2028 (USD Million)
Figure 20 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Bonding Type, 2021-2028 (USD Million)
Figure 21 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Form, 2021-2028 (USD Million)
Figure 22 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Application, 2021-2028 (USD Million)
Figure 23 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by End-user, 2021-2028 (USD Million)
Figure 24 North America EV Batteries Market Size, by Country, 2021-2028 (USD Million)
Figure 25 North America EV Batteries Market: Competitive Benchmarking

Companies Mentioned

  • NOHMs Technologies Inc. (U.S.)
  • QuantumScape Corporation (U.S.)
  • American Battery Solutions Inc. (U.S.)
  • Clarios (U.S.)
  • Romeo Power Inc. (U.S.)
  • Electrovaya Inc. (Canada).