Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease. SLE affects many parts of the body, with joint pain in the knees and hands being commonly reported symptoms. Arthritis is, therefore, one of the most common symptoms of the disease.
This book comprehensively summarizes information about SLE for medical professionals and students. The volume illustrates the process of making accurate diagnoses through systematic interpretation of ABCDEGFGI parameters: A (Alignment): malalignment and deformation; B (Bone): bone changes; C (Capsular lesions): cartilage and intra-articular lesions; D (Distribution): four dimensional distributions; E (Extra-bone): extra-articular soft tissue; F (Further information): further additional medical information; G (Goal): general analysis and integrated comprehensive diagnosis; H (Heal and Heath): treatment and prognosis; and I (Immunological analysis): immunological interpretations.
This book comprehensively summarizes information about SLE for medical professionals and students. The volume illustrates the process of making accurate diagnoses through systematic interpretation of ABCDEGFGI parameters: A (Alignment): malalignment and deformation; B (Bone): bone changes; C (Capsular lesions): cartilage and intra-articular lesions; D (Distribution): four dimensional distributions; E (Extra-bone): extra-articular soft tissue; F (Further information): further additional medical information; G (Goal): general analysis and integrated comprehensive diagnosis; H (Heal and Heath): treatment and prognosis; and I (Immunological analysis): immunological interpretations.
Key Features:
- Presents information about the clinical features of SLE and differential diagnosis through 11 chapters
- Covers both rheumatic symptoms and systemic symptoms
- Provides a comprehensive approach to SLE diagnosis and management that blends both rheumatology and radiology
- Explains the ABCDEFGI system for diagnosing and treating SLE patients
- Includes more than 750 detailed figures illustrating important information
- Includes references for further reading
Table of Contents
PREFACELIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OF DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS Syuichi Koarada and Yoshifumi Tada
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CLASSIFICATION OF LUPUS ARTHROPATHY
2.1. Frequency of Arthritis Subtypes
2.2. Arthritis Subtypes
2.2.1. Non-erosive Arthritis
2.2.2. Erosive Arthritis
2.3. Osteonecrosis, Avascular Osteonecrosis (AVN)
2.4. Osteoporosis
2.5. Insufficient Fractures
3. APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSIS OF SLE
3.1. Approach to Hand X-rays
3.1.1. Posteroanterior View, Posterior-anterior View (PA View)
3.1.2. Oblique View
3.1.3. Ball-catcher’s View, Norgaard’s View
3.1.4. Lateral View
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2 ALIGNMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Syuichi Koarada and Mitsuteru Akahoshi
1. INTRODUCTION
2. NON-EROSIVE ARTHROPATHY, JACCOUD’S ARTHROPATHY
3. CHRONIC FIXED DEFORMITIES
4. MECHANISM OF DEFORMITIES OF JOINTS
5. HANDS
5.1. Deformities of Metacarpophalangeal Joints
5.1.1. Ulnar Deviation of Metacarpophalangeal Joints
5.1.2. Flexion Deformities of MCP Joints
5.2. Deformities of DIP and PIP Joints
5.2.1. Boutonniere Deformities
5.2.2. Swan-neck Deformities
5.3. Dislocation
5.4. Flexion Contracture of Digits
5.5. Osteoarthritis of Hands in SLE
5.6. Thumbs
5.6.1. Swan-neck Deformities
5.6.2. Z-thumbs, Boutonniere Deformities
6. WRISTS
6.1. Radial Deviation of Wrists
6.2. Carpal Collapse
7. SHOULDERS
8. HIPS
8.1. Osteonecrosis of Hips
9. KNEES
10. FEET
10.1. Hallux Valgus
10.2. Hammer Toes, Mallet-toes, and Claw-toes
10.2.1. Hammer Toes
10.2.2. Crossover Toe Deformities
10.2.3. Mallet-toes
10.2.4. Claw-toes and Curly Toes
10.3. Tailor’s Bunion, Digitus Quintus Varus
10.4. Flat Feet and Pedes Spinatus
10.5. Widening of Forefeet
11. SPINE
11.1. Lumbar Spine
11.2. Cervical Spine
12. FRACTURES
12.1. Hands
12.2. Feet
12.3. Spine
12.4. Pelvis
12.4.1. Fractures of Pubic Bones
12.4.2. Fractures of Ischiopubic Ramus
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3 BONE LESIONS OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Syuichi Koarada and Akihito Maruyama
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BONE MINERALIZATION
2.1. Periarticular (Juxta-articular) Osteoporosis
2.1.1. Hands
2.1.2. Wrists
2.1.3. Elbows
2.1.4. Shoulders
2.1.5. Knees
2.1.6. Ankles
2.1.7. Feet
2.2. Generalized Osteopenia, Generalized Osteoporosis
3. OSTEOSCLEROSIS
3.1. Hands
3.1.1. Acro-osteosclerosis
3.1.2. Osteosclerosis of Tufts
3.1.3. DIP Joints
3.1.4. IP joints
3.1.5. PIP Joints
3.1.6. MCP Joints
3.2. Hips
3.3. Knees
3.4. Feet
3.4.1. MTP Joints
3.5. Sacroiliac Joints
3.6. Vertebral End Plates
4. BONE SHAPE
4.1. Erosions
4.1.1. Erosions in Rhupus
4.1.2. MRI
4.1.3. Hands
4.1.4. Wrists
4.1.5. Feet
4.2. Cystic Changes
4.2.1. Hands
4.4.2. Hips
4.4.3. Feet
4.3. New Bone Formation: Osteophytes and Syndesmophytes
4.3.1. Osteophytes
5. AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF BONES
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4 CARTILAGINOUS AND CAPSULAR CHANGES IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Syuichi Koarada and Sachiko Soejima
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SYNOVITIS
2.1. Jaccoud’s Arthropathy
2.2. DIP Joints
2.3. IP Joints
2.4. PIP Joints
2.4.1. Second PIP Joints
2.4.2. Third PIP Joints
2.4.3. Fourth PIP Joints
2.4.4. Fifth PIP Joints
2.5. MCP Joints
2.5.1. First MCP joints
2.5.2. Second MCP Joints
2.5.3. Third MCP Joints
2.5.4. Fourth MCP Joints
2.5.5. Fifth MCP Joints
2.6. Wrists (Fig. 52)
2.6.1. First Digit Line of Wrist
2.6.2. Second Digit Line of the Wrist
2.6.3. Third Digit Line of the Wrist
2.6.4. Fourth Digit Line of the Wrist
2.6.5. Ulna Line of the Wrist
2.7. Elbows
2.8. Knees
2.9. Ankles
2.10. Feet
2.11. Sacroiliac Joints
3. JOINT EFFUSIONS
3.1. Hands
3.1.1. MCP Joints
3.2. Wrists
3.3. Elbows
3.4. Knees
4. JOINT SPACES
4.1. Rhupus
4.2. Joint Space Narrowing
4.2.1. Hands
4.2.2. Elbows
4.2.3. Knees
4.2.4. Sacroiliac Joints
4.3. Joint Space Widening (JSW)
4.4. Pseudo Joint Space Narrowing
5. CALCIFICATIONS
5.1. Calcifications of Joint Capsules
5.1.1. DIP Joints
5.1.2. IP Joints
5.1.3. PIP Joints
5.1.4. MCP Joints
5.1.5. Carpal Joints
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5 DISTRIBUTION, PATTERN OF JOINT INVOLVEMENT IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Syuichi Koarada and Mariko Sakai
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Gallium Scintigraphy
1.2. Bone Scintigraphy
2. DISTRIBUTION OF ARTHRITIS
2.1. General Distribution
2.1.1. Distribution of Arthritis by Subtypes
2.1.2. Distribution of Bone Cysts
2.1.3. Distribution of Osteonecrosis
2.1.4. Distribution of Osteonecrosis in Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS)
2.1.5. Distribution of Bone Infarcts
2.1.6. Distribution of Insufficient Fractures
2.1.7. Distribution of Myositis
2.1.8. Distribution of Infection
2.2. Distribution in Regions
2.2.1. Hands
Author
- Syuichi Koarada - Editor
