Congestive Heart Failure - Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast - 2036

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Insights and Trends

• Heart failure is a leading cause of hospitalization among individuals aged ≥65 years and represents a major clinical and economic burden. Current heart failure management is based on a multidrug therapeutic strategy that includes angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), If-channel inhibitors, β-blockers, digoxin, nitrates, and other supportive therapies, which are used either as monotherapy or, more commonly, in combination to improve patient outcomes.
• Females are more prevalent in Europe for heart failure than male but in the US, the trend is opposite.
• In 2025, the number of diagnosed prevalent cases of heart failure in Japan was 5,366,000, which is likely to increase by 2036. The total diagnosed prevalent cases of heart failure in Japan is expected to increase at a positive CAGR during the forecast period, 2022-2036.
• Leading cardiology societies in the US and globally recommend SGLT inhibitors, like INPEFA, as a core treatment for heart failure across all ejection fraction types.
• Recent launches of several high-potential therapies such as INPEFA (sotagliflozin, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals), JARDIANCE (empagliflozin, Boehringer Ingelheim/Eli Lilly), FARXIGA (dapagliflozin, AstraZeneca), are expected to positively impact the global heart failure market.
• The heart failure pipeline features a growing roster of mid- to late-stage cell therapies aiming to regenerate myocardial tissue and improve cardiac function. Key candidates include CardiAMP Cell Therapy (autologous bone marrow-derived cells) and CardiALLO Cell Therapy (allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells) from BioCardia, STM-01 (neonatal cardiac progenitor cells) from Secretome Therapeutics, and JK-07 (ERBB 4 receptor agonists) from Salubris Biotherapeutics, among others. These therapies represent diverse technological approaches ranging from autologous to allogeneic sources, and from mesenchymal to pluripotent stem cell lineages which are targeting the unmet need for structural and functional cardiac repair in heart failure.
• Additional promising investigational candidates include omecamtiv mecarbil (Cytokinetics), CRD-740 and CRD-750 (Cardurion Pharmaceuticals), AZD5462 (AstraZeneca and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma), and others.
• The FDA approved KERENDIA (finerenone) in July 2025, for the treatment of adult patients with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 40% (HFmrEF and HFpEF), marking a significant advancement in therapy for preserved and mid-range ejection fraction heart failure.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Market size and forecast in the 7MM

• 2025 CHF Market Size: USD ~9,000 million
• 2036 Projected CHF Market Size: USD ~19,000 million
• CHF Growth Rate (2026-2036): 8% CAGR

The ‘Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) - Market Insights, Epidemiology and Market Forecast - 2036’ report delivers an in-depth understanding of the CHF, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the CHF market trends in the United States, EU4 (Germany, Spain, Italy, and France) and the United Kingdom, and Japan.

The CHF market report delivers a comprehensive analysis of the current treatment landscape, including standards of care, clinical practices, and evolving therapeutic algorithms. It evaluates, CHF patient burden trends, revenue & market share dynamics, peak patient share & therapy uptake analysis, and provides an in-depth market size assessment, and growth rate projections (Historical & Forecast 2022-2036) across global regions. The report highlights key unmet medical needs in CHF and maps the competitive and clinical landscape to uncover high‑value opportunities, providing a clear outlook on future market growth potential.

Key Factors Driving the CHF Market

• Rising Global Disease Burden

Congestive heart failure represents a substantial and increasing global healthcare burden as a chronic, progressive condition characterized by impaired cardiac function, high morbidity, and reduced quality of life. Rising prevalence driven by aging populations, increasing incidence of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes), and improved survival from acute cardiac events contributes to greater healthcare utilization and long-term disease management needs.

• Rising Opportunities in Congestive Heart Failure

CHF treatment landscape is advancing with the development of novel pharmacologic therapies (e.g., ARNIs, SGLT2 inhibitors), device-based interventions, and personalized management approaches, alongside improved diagnostic and monitoring tools. Growing awareness, evolving clinical guidelines, and increased research investments are accelerating innovation and expanding opportunities for better disease control and patient outcomes.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Understanding and Treatment Algorithm

CHF Overview and Diagnosis

Chronic heart failure is a progressive condition in which the heart cannot pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s needs without increased filling pressures, usually due to impaired ventricular systolic or diastolic function, and is classified by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) into reduced (< 40%), preserved (≥50%), and mid-range (40-49%) categories. Early symptoms are often subtle and mistaken for aging, but commonly include breathlessness, fatigue, and fluid retention causing pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema. Diagnosis involves clinical assessment along with laboratory tests (including BNP/NT-proBNP), ECG, and imaging such as chest X-ray and echocardiography, which confirms heart failure, measures ejection fraction, and guides staging and treatment decisions.

CHF Treatment

Currently, CHF treatment depends on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor II blockers, beta-blockers, and diuretics. Additionally, other therapies, such as aldosterone antagonists, amiodarone, antiaggregants, anticoagulants, calcium antagonists, diuretics, and nitrates, among others, are used for the treatment of patients affected by heart failure. In addition to this, the treatment of heart failure should be viewed uninterruptedly. In general, early treatment focuses on lifestyle changes (quitting smoking, avoiding alcohol, caffeine, and stress, reducing fluid intake, and reducing the amount of salt in the diet) and optimization of necessary medical therapies. The next step in treatment might include more intense medical therapies or the installation of a device, such as a pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD).

CHF Unmet Needs

The section “unmet needs of CHF” outlines the critical gaps between the current state of patient care, diagnosis, and the ideal & effective management of the disease. It highlights the obstacles experienced by patients, clinicians, and researchers and identifies potential solutions for future progress.

• Need for tailored and effective treatment options
• Need for timely diagnosis
• Urgent need for prevention of heart failure in individuals at risk and others…..

CHF Epidemiology

Key Findings from CHF Epidemiological Analysis and Forecast

• As per Mauro et al. (2023), a significant number of acute heart failure patients (nearly 35-40%) do not have reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF). Patients with preserved LVEF are usually older (mean age of 75 years) and more frequently female (nearly 60% of patients).
• CHF is the leading hospitalization cause for those over 65, creating substantial clinical and economic burdens. Types of heart failure are based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): HFrEF (≤40%), HFmrEF (41-49%), and HFpEF (≥50%). With nearly half of patients diagnosed with HFmrEF or HFpEF, effective treatments for these types remain scarce
• In 2025, there were ~4,597,000 patients affected with HFpEF, ~2,128,000 patient with HFrEF, and ~758,000 with Heart Failure with mildly reduced Ejection Fraction (HFmrEF) in the US.
• Females are more prevalent in Europe for heart failure than male but in the US, the trend is opposite. Among the EU4, the highest number of diagnosed prevalent cases of CHF were found in Germany, followed by France, and Spain, and the lowest number of diagnosed prevalent cases in Italy in 2025.

CHF Drug Analysis & Competitive Landscape

The CHF drug chapter provides a detailed, market-focused review of approved therapies and the emerging pipeline across Phase I-III clinical trials. It covers mechanism of action, clinical trial data, regulatory approvals, patents, collaborations, strategic partnerships upcoming Key catalyst for each therapy, along with their advantages, limitations, and recent developments. This section offers critical insights into the CHF treatment landscape, supporting market assessment, competitive analysis, and growth forecasting for the CHF market.

Approved Therapies for CHF

INJECTAFER (ferric carboxymaltose injection)/FERINJECT: American Regent, Vifor, and Daiichi Sankyo

INJECTAFER is an intravenous iron replacement therapy used to treat iron deficiency anemia (IDA), including in patients with congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease. It works by replenishing iron stores, enabling effective hemoglobin production and improving oxygen transport (mechanism of action). Administered via intravenous infusion (route of administration), it is typically given in weight- and hemoglobin-based doses.

In June 2023, Daiichi Sankyo and American Regent announced that the US FDA approved INJECTAFER for the treatment of iron deficiency in adult patients with heart failure categorized as NYHA class II/III to improve exercise capacity. The approval was supported by INJECTAFER data from a randomized controlled study CONFIRM-HF.

INPEFA (sotagliflozin): Lexicon Pharmaceuticals and Viatris

INPEFA (sotagliflozin) is an oral inhibitor of two proteins responsible for glucose regulation known as SGLT2 and SGLT1. SGLT2 is responsible for glucose reabsorption by the kidney, and SGLT1 is responsible for glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

In May 2023, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals announced that the US FDA had approved INPEFA (sotagliflozin) to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, hHF, and uHF visits in adults with heart failure or type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular risk factors. The broad label encompasses heart failure patients across the full range of LVEF, including HFpEF and HFrEF, and for patients with or without diabetes. The approval of INPEFA in heart failure indication, along with the breadth of the label, is a major milestone in Lexicon’s path to fulfilling its mission of pioneering medicines that transform patients’ lives.

CHF Pipeline Analysis

Omecamtiv mecarbil: Cytokinetics

Omecamtiv mecarbil is a selective small-molecule cardiac myosin activator. It is designed to directly target the contractile mechanism or pumping function of the heart. By stimulating cardiac myosin, a protein responsible for converting chemical energy into the mechanical force that helps the heart contract, omecamtiv mecarbil may improve cardiac muscle performance. Preclinical research has shown that cardiac myosin activators increase cardiac contractility without affecting intracellular myocyte calcium concentrations or myocardial oxygen consumption. It has completed its Phase III for CHF.

CardiAMP Cell Therapy: BioCardia

CardiAMP cell therapy is designed to be a comprehensive biotherapeutic heart failure solution, incorporating a proprietary molecular diagnostic to characterize the potency of a patient’s bone marrow cells and determine if they are an optimal candidate for therapy, a point-of-care processing platform to prepare cells at the patient’s bedside. The Phase IIIB CardiAMP HF II Trial (NCT06258447) is actively enrolling in the US. The US FDA granted BTD for the CardiAMP cell therapy system to treat heart failure.

• In November 2025, BioCardia announced that the first patient had been enrolled at Henry Ford Health in its ongoing Phase III CardiAMP HF II clinical trial for patients with ischemic HFrEF.
• In October, 2025, BioCardia announced that the first patient had been enrolled at University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health in its ongoing Phase III CardiAMP HF II clinical trial.

CHF Key Players, Market Leaders and Emerging Companies

• Novartis
• Boehringer Ingelheim
• Eli Lilly and Company
• Bayer
• Cytokinetics
• BioCardia
• Novo Nordisk and others.

CHF Drug Updates

This section focuses on the uptake rate of potential drugs expected to be launched in the market during 2022-2036. The landscape of rheumatoid arthritis treatment has experienced a profound transformation with the uptake of novel drugs. These innovative therapies are redefining standards of care. Furthermore, the increased uptake of these transformative drugs is a testament to the unwavering dedication of physicians, professionals, and the entire healthcare community in their tireless pursuit of advancing disease care. This momentous shift in treatment paradigms is a testament to the power of research, collaboration, and human resilience.

• In November 2025, BioCardia announced that the first patient had been enrolled at Henry Ford Health in its ongoing Phase III CardiAMP HF II clinical trial for patients with ischemic HFrEF.
• In October, 2025, BioCardia announced that the first patient had been enrolled at University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health in its ongoing Phase III CardiAMP HF II clinical trial.
• In April 2025, BioCardia announced that the study’s independent Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB), which conducted a planned review of the 30-day safety data from the roll-in 20 million cell dosing cohort in the CardiALLO-HF trial, recommended that the study continue as designed.

CHF Market Outlook

After over a decade of limited innovation, several new therapies for congestive heart failure (CHF) have been approved, including vericiguat (VERQUVO), sacubitril/valsartan (ENTRESTO, an ARNI), and ivabradine (CORLANOR), all used as part of comprehensive treatment. More recent additions include ferric carboxymaltose (INJECTAFER/FERINJECT) for iron deficiency and sotagliflozin (INPEFA) to reduce cardiovascular risk. SGLT2 inhibitors like dapagliflozin (FARXIGA) and empagliflozin (JARDIANCE) further improve outcomes by lowering hospitalization and mortality risk. Overall, the CHF treatment landscape now includes diverse, well-tolerated therapies, with recent label expansions extending use to broader patient populations.

Many major companies are investing in different mechanisms of action for the treatment of CHF, SGLT2 inhibitors, cardiac myosin activators, myeloperoxidase inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, GLP-1 receptor agonists, cell therapies, and others, which will boost the CHF market in the future. Conclusively, the emerging pipeline for treating patients with CHF is filled with potential drugs and cell therapies that can significantly capture a major market share, once launched into the CHF treatment space. The potential drugs and cell therapy that can mark a significant change in the upcoming period include vicadrostat + empagliflozin (Boehringer Ingelheim), Semaglutide and Ziltivekimab (Novo Nordisk), Omecamtiv Mecarbil (Cytokinetics), REVASCOR ([rexlemestrocel-L] Mesoblast), Balcinrenone + dapagliflozin and Mitiperstat (AstraZeneca), Tirzepatide ([LY3298176] Eli Lilly and Company), CardiAMP Cell Therapy (BioCardia), KERENDIA ([finerenone], Bayer), CRD-740 (Cardurion Pharmaceuticals), and others are evaluating their lead candidates in different stages of clinical development, respectively Key players like Bayer (KERENDIA [finerenone]), BioCardia (CardiAMP Cell Therapy), Mesoblast (REVASCOR [rexlemestrocel-L]), scPharmaceuticals (FUROSCIX Infusor), Cytokinetics (omecamtiv mecarbil), Lexicon Pharmaceuticals (sotagliflozin) and others are evaluating their lead candidates in different stages of clinical development.

• The total market size in the 7MM for CHF was estimated to be USD ~9,000 million in 2025, which is expected to show a positive growth by 2036 at a positive CAGR during the forecast period (2026-2036)
• According to the estimates, the United States will account for the largest market size of CHF by 2036, owing to higher cases and comparatively higher treatment costs, followed by Germany and France.
• Among the 7MM, the United States accounted for the largest market size for CHF. The total market size in 2025 was USD 6.50 billion. Due to the emergence of novel therapies, the overall market size of CHF will experience an increase by 2036 from 2022 to 2036.

Drug Class/Insights into Leading Emerging and Marketed Therapies in CHF (2022-2036 Forecast)

The CHF market comprises targeted small molecules, and others alongside conventional and off-label therapies, each addressing distinct immunologic pathways and mechanisms underlying CHF.

• Small molecules: CHF therapies include several small-molecule agents that target key pathophysiological pathways such as neurohormonal activation, fluid overload, and cardiac dysfunction. These agents such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors work by improving cardiac output, reducing congestion, modulating adverse cardiac remodeling, and enhancing overall cardiovascular function, thereby alleviating symptoms and reducing hospitalization and mortality risk in heart failure patients.

CHF Drug Uptake

This section focuses on the uptake rate of potential drugs expected to be launched in the market during the forecast period (2026-2036). The analysis covers the CHF drug’s uptake, performance at peak, factors affecting performance during prime years of growth, patient uptake by therapy, and anticipated sales generated by each drug.

Market Access and Reimbursement of Approved therapies in CHF

The report further provides detailed insights on the country-wise accessibility and reimbursement scenarios, cost-effectiveness scenario of approved therapies, programs making accessibility easier and out-of-pocket costs more affordable, insights on patients insured under federal or state government prescription drug programs, etc.

Reimbursement is a crucial factor that affects the drug’s access to the market. Often, the decision to reimburse comes down to the price of the drug relative to the benefit it produces in treated patients. To reduce the healthcare burden of these high-cost therapies, many payment models are being considered by payers and other industry insiders.

CHF therapies Price Scenario & Trends

Pricing and analogue assessment of CHF therapies highlights evolving price dynamics structures. This section summarizes the cost of approved treatments, closest and most approproiate analogue selection for emerging therapies, and understanding of how pricing influences market access, adherence, and long-term uptake.

• Pricing of CHF Approved Drugs

The wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) for INPEFA is USD 598 per month in 2023, resulting in an annual cost of USD 7,176. INPEFA's price is comparable to JARDIANCE, which had a current list price of USD 570.48 per month in 2023, amounting to an annual cost of USD 6,846. This similarity in cost between the two drugs reflects comparable pricing strategies within their therapeutic class.

Industry Experts and Physician Views for CHF

To keep up with CHF market trends, we take Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) opinions working in the domain through primary research to fill the data gaps and validate our secondary research. Industry Experts were contacted for insights on the CHF emerging therapies, evolving treatment landscape, patient adherence to conventional therapies, therapy switching trends, drug adoption and uptake, accessibility challenges, and epidemiology and real-world prescription patterns in CHF, including MD, PhD, Instructor, Postdoctoral Researcher, Professor, Researcher, and others.

The analysts connected with 10+ KOLs to gather insights at country level. Centers such as the University of California, Imperial College London, Hokkaido University, and Cholangiocarcinoma Foundation, etc. were contacted. Their opinion helps understand and validate current and emerging CHF therapies, highlight unmet medical needs, provide epidemiological context, and support strategic decisions for market access, therapy adoption, and pipeline prioritization in CHF.

Qualitative Analysis: SWOT and Conjoint Analysis

We perform qualitative and market Intelligence analysis using various approaches, such as SWOT analysis and conjoint analysis.

In the SWOT analysis of CHF, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in terms of disease diagnosis, patient awareness, patient burden, competitive landscape, cost-effectiveness, and geographical accessibility of therapies are provided.

Conjoint analysis analyzes emerging therapies based on relevant attributes such as safety, efficacy, frequency of administration, route of administration, and order of entry. Scoring is given based on these parameters to analyze the effectiveness of therapy.

The team of analysts analyzes promising emerging therapies based on relevant attributes such as safety, efficacy, frequency of administration, route of administration, and order of entry. In efficacy, the trial’s primary and secondary outcome measures are evaluated, whereas the therapies’ safety is evaluated, wherein the acceptability, tolerability, and adverse events are majorly observed. In addition, the scoring is also based on the route of administration, order of entry, probability of success, and the addressable patient pool for each therapy. According to these parameters, the final weightage score and the ranking of the emerging therapies are decided.

Scope of the Report

• The report covers a segment of key events, an executive summary, a descriptive overview of CHF, explaining their causes, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis, and currently available treatments.
• Comprehensive insight has been provided into the epidemiology segments and forecasts, the future growth potential of the diagnosis rate, and disease progression along treatment guidelines.
• Additionally, an all-inclusive account of both the current and emerging treatments, along with the elaborative profiles of late-stage and prominent therapies, will have an impact on the current treatment landscape.
• A detailed review of the CHF market, historical and forecasted market size, market share by therapies, detailed assumptions, and rationale behind our approach is included in the report, covering the 7MM drug outreach.
• The report provides an edge while developing business strategies by understanding trends through SWOT analysis and expert insights/KOL views, patient journey, and treatment preferences that help in shaping and driving the 7MM CHF market.

Report Insights

• CHF Patient Population Forecast
• CHF Therapeutics Market Size
• CHF Pipeline Analysis
• CHF Market Size And Trends
• CHF Market Opportunity (current and forecasted)

Report Key Strengths

• Epidemiology‑based (Epi‑based) bottom‑up forecasting
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled market research report
• 11-year forecast
• CHF market outlook (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific)
• Patient Burden trends (by geography)
• CHF Treatment addressable Market (TAM)
• CHF Competitve Landscape
• CHF major companies Insights
• CHF price trends and analogue assessment
• CHF therapies and Drug Adoption/Uptake
• CHF therapies Peak Patient Share Analysis

Report Assessment

• CHF Current treatment practices
• CHF Unmet needs
• CHF Clinical development Analysis
• CHF Emerging drugs product profiles
• CHF Market attractiveness
• CHF Qualitative analysis (SWOT and conjoint analysis)

FAQs

Market Insights

• What was the CHF market size, the market size by therapies, market share (%) distribution in 2025, and what would it look like by 2036? What are the contributing factors for this growth?
• What are the anticipated pricing variations among different geographies for the emerging therapies in the future?
• What can be the future treatment paradigm of CHF?
• What are the disease risks, burdens, and unmet needs of CHF? What will be the growth opportunities across the 7MM concerning the patient population with CHF?
• Who is the major future competitor in the market, and how will the competitors affect their market share?
• What are the current options for the treatment of CHF? What are the current guidelines for treating CHF in the US, Europe, and Japan?

Reasons to Buy

• The report will help in developing business strategies by understanding the latest trends and changing treatment dynamics driving the CHF market.
• Bottom up forecasting builds from the affected population to product forecasts, delivering a robust, data driven approach ideal for new therapies and novel classes.
• Insights on patient burden/disease incidence, evolution in diagnosis, and factors contributing to the change in the epidemiology of the disease during the forecast years.
• Understand the existing market opportunities in varying geographies and the growth potential over the coming years.
• Identifying strong upcoming players in the market will help devise strategies to help get ahead of competitors.
• Detailed analysis and ranking of class-wise potential current and emerging therapies under the conjoint analysis section to provide visibility around leading classes.
• To understand KOLs’ perspectives on the accessibility, acceptability, and compliance-related challenges of existing treatment to overcome barriers in the future.
• Detailed insights on the unmet needs of the existing market so that the upcoming players can strengthen their development and launch strategy.
• This Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled report summarize and simplify complex datasets withing the report into clear, actionable insights for stakeholders, investors, and healthcare providers, enabling faster, data driven decisions.

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