The Global Market for Biofuels, Electrofuels and Green Ammonia 2022-2027

Report
April 2022
Region: Global
Future Markets, Inc
ID: 5575376

The sustainability of petroleum-based fuel supply has gained broad attention from the global community due to the increase of usage in various sectors, depletion of petroleum resources, and uncertainty around crude oil market prices. Additionally, environmental problems have also been flagged from the increasing emissions of harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases. Therefore, the use of clean energy sources is crucial. Sustainable, Alternative and Renewable Fuels covered in this report include bio-fuels, bio-diesel, renewable diesel, sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), biogas, electrofuels (e-fuels), green ammonia based on utilization of:

First-Generation Feedstocks (food-based) e.g. Waste oils including used cooking oil, animal fats, and other fatty acids.
Second-Generation Feedstocks (non-food based) e.g. Lignocellulosic wastes and residues, Energy crops, Agricultural residues, Forestry residues, Biogenic fraction of municipal and industrial waste.
Third-Generation Feedstocks e.g. algal biomass
Fourth-Generation Feedstocks e.g. genetically modified (GM) algae and cyanobacteria.

Report contents include:

Market trends and drivers
Market challenges
Market analysis including key players, end use markets, production processes, costs, production capacities, market demand for biofuels, bio-jet fuels, biodiesel, renewable diesel, biogas, electrofuels, green ammonia and other relevant technologies
Industry developments 2020-2022
Market consumption, historical and forecast to 2027
122 company profiles including BTG Bioliquids, Byogy Renewables, Caphenia, Enerkem, Infinium Electrofuels, Eni S.p.A., Ensyn, FORGE Hydrocarbons Corporation, Genecis Bioindustries, Gevo, Haldor Topsoe, Infinium, Jupiter Ionics, OCOchem, Phycobloom, Prometheus Fuels, Solitaire Power, Steeper Energy, SunFire GmbH, Vertus Energy and many more.

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1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.1 Market drivers
2.2 Market challenges

3 INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS 2020-2022

4 BIOFUELS

4.1 The biofuels market
4.2 Types
4.2.1 Solid Biofuels
4.2.2 Liquid Biofuels
4.2.3 Gaseous Biofuels
4.2.4 Conventional Biofuels
4.2.5 Advanced Biofuels
4.3 Feedstocks
4.3.1 First-Generation Feedstocks
4.3.2 Second-Generation Feedstocks
4.3.2.1 Lignocellulosic wastes and residues
4.3.2.2 Biorefinery lignin
4.3.3 Third-Generation Feedstocks
4.3.3.1 Algal biofuels
4.3.4 Fourth-Generation Feedstocks
4.3.5 Advantages and disadvantages, by generation
4.3.6 Market demand
4.4 Bioethanol
4.5 Bio-jet (bio-aviation) fuels
4.5.1 Description
4.5.2 Global market
4.5.3 Production pathways
4.5.4 Costs
4.5.5 Biojet fuel production capacities
4.5.6 Challenges
4.6 Biomass-based diesel
4.6.1 Biodiesel
4.6.1.1 Production
4.6.1.2 Global market
4.6.2 Renewable diesel
4.6.2.1 Production
4.6.2.2 Global market
4.7 Syngas
4.8 Biogas and biomethane
4.8.1 Feedstocks
4.9 Biobutanol
4.9.1 Production

5 ELECTROFUELS (E-FUELS)

5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Benefits of e-fuels
5.2 Feedstocks
5.2.1 Hydrogen electrolysis
5.2.2 CO2 capture
5.3 Production
5.4 Electrolysers
5.4.1 Commercial alkaline electrolyser cells (AECs)
5.4.2 PEM electrolysers (PEMEC)
5.4.3 High-temperature solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOECs)
5.5 Direct Air Capture (DAC)
5.5.1 Technologies
5.5.2 Markets for DAC
5.5.3 Costs
5.5.4 Challenges
5.5.5 Companies and production
5.5.6 CO2 capture from point sources
5.6 Costs
5.7 Market challenges
5.8 Companies

6 GREEN AMMONIA

6.1 Production
6.1.1 Decarbonisation of ammonia production
6.1.2 Green ammonia projects
6.2 Green ammonia synthesis methods
6.2.1 Haber-Bosch process
6.2.2 Biological nitrogen fixation
6.2.3 Electrochemical production
6.2.4 Chemical looping processes
6.3 Blue ammonia
6.3.1 Blue ammonia projects
6.4 Markets and applications
6.4.1 Chemical energy storage
6.4.1.1 Ammonia fuel cells
6.4.2 Marine fuel
6.5 Costs
6.6 Estimated market demand
6.7 Companies and projects

7 COMPANY PROFILES (122 company profiles)8 REFERENCES

List of Tables

Table 1. Market drivers for advanced biobased and renewable fuels
Table 2. Market challenges for advanced biobased and renewable fuels
Table 3. Industry developments in advanced biobased and renewable fuels 2020-2022
Table 4. Categories and examples of solid biofuel
Table 5. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity
Table 6. Biorefinery feedstocks
Table 7. Feedstock conversion pathways
Table 8. First-Generation Feedstocks
Table 9. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities
Table 10. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins
Table 11. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes
Table 12. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol
Table 13. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae
Table 14. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops
Table 15. Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels, by generation
Table 16. Advantages and disadvantages of biojet fuel
Table 17. Production pathways for bio-jet fuel
Table 18. Current and announced biojet fuel facilities and capacities
Table 19, Biodiesel production techniques
Table 20. Biodiesel by generation
Table 21. Biogas feedstocks
Table 22. Applications of e-fuels, by type
Table 23. Overview of e-fuels
Table 24. Benefits of e-fuels
Table 25. Main characteristics of different electrolyzer technologies
Table 26. Advantages and disadvantages of DAC
Table 27. DAC companies and technologies
Table 28. Markets for DAC
Table 29. Cost estimates of DAC
Table 30. Challenges for DAC technology
Table 31. DAC technology developers and production
Table 32. Market challenges for e-fuels
Table 33. E-fuels companies
Table 34. Green ammonia projects (current and planned)
Table 35. Blue ammonia projects
Table 36. Ammonia fuel cell technologies
Table 37. Market overview of green ammonia in marine fuel
Table 38. Summary of marine alternative fuels
Table 39. Estimated costs for different types of ammonia
Table 40. Main players in green ammonia
Table 41. Granbio Nanocellulose Processes

List of Figures

Figure 1. Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals
Figure 2. Hydrolytic lignin powder
Figure 3. Liquid biofuel production and consumption (in thousands of m3), 2000-2021
Figure 4. Distribution of global liquid biofuel production in 2021
Figure 5. Ethanol consumption 2010-2027 (million litres)
Figure 6. Global bio-jet fuel consumption 2010-2027 (M litres/year)
Figure 7. Global biodiesel consumption, 2010-2027 (M litres/year)
Figure 8. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2010-2027 (M litres/year)
Figure 9. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm³/h of Syngas, 2021
Figure 10. Biogas and biomethane pathways
Figure 11. Properties of petrol and biobutanol
Figure 12. Biobutanol production route
Figure 13. Process steps in the production of electrofuels
Figure 14. Mapping storage technologies according to performance characteristics
Figure 15. Production process for green hydrogen
Figure 16. E-liquids production routes
Figure 17. Fischer-Tropsch liquid e-fuel products
Figure 18. Resources required for liquid e-fuel production
Figure 19. Schematic of Climeworks DAC system
Figure 20. Levelized cost and fuel-switching CO2 prices of e-fuels
Figure 21. Cost breakdown for e-fuels
Figure 22. Classification and process technology according to carbon emission in ammonia production
Figure 23. Green ammonia production and use
Figure 24. Schematic of the Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis reaction
Figure 25. Schematic of hydrogen production via steam methane reformation
Figure 26. Estimated production cost of green ammonia
Figure 27. Projected annual ammonia production, million tons
Figure 28. ANDRITZ Lignin Recovery process
Figure 29. FBPO process
Figure 30. Direct Air Capture Process
Figure 31. CRI process
Figure 32. Domsjö process
Figure 33. FuelPositive system
Figure 34. Infinitree swing method
Figure 35. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process
Figure 36: Plantrose process
Figure 37. The Velocys process
Figure 38. Goldilocks process and applications

Companies Mentioned

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes:

Advanced Biofuels Solutions Ltd.
Aemetis, Inc.
Alpha Biofuels (Singapore) Pte Ltd
Andritz AG
Applied Research Associates, Inc. (ARA)
ASB Biodiesel Limited
Atmonia
Avantium B.V.
BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid Co., Ltd.
BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH
Benefuel Inc.
Bio2Oil ApS
BIOD Energy
Biofine Technology, LLC
Biofy
Biojet AS
Bloom Biorenewables SA
Blue BioFuels, Inc.
Brightmark Energy
BTG Bioliquids B.V.
Byogy Renewables, Inc.
Caphenia GmbH
Carbon Collect Limited
Carbon Engineering Ltd.
Carbon Recycling International
Carbyon BV
Cargill
Celtic Renewables Ltd.
CF Industries Holdings, Inc.
Chitose Bio Evolution Pte Ltd.
Circla Nordic
Climeworks
Crimson Renewable Energy LLC
C-Zero Inc.
Diamond Green Diesel LLC
Domsjö Fabriker AB
DuPont
Emerging Fuels Technology (EFT)
Enerkem
Eneus Energy
Eni S.p.A.
Ensyn Corporation
Euglena Co., Ltd.
Flemtec
Forge Hydrocarbons Corporation
FuelPositive Corp.
Fulcrum BioEnergy, Inc.
GenCell Energy
Genecis Bioindustries, Inc.
Gevo, Inc
Granbio Technologies.
Green Earth Institute
Green Fuel
Haldor Topsoe A/S
Handerek Technologies
Hero BX
Hydrogen Optimized
Infinita
Infinitree LLC
Infinium
Infinium Electrofuels
Innoltek
Jilin COFCO Biomaterial Corporation
Jupiter Ionics Pty Ltd
Kanteleen Voima
LanzaTech
Lectrolyst LLC
Licella
Liquid Wind
LXP Group GmbH
Manta Biofuel, LLC
Mash Energy ApS
Mercurius Biorefining Inc
MOFWORX
Mote, Inc
NeoZeo AB
Neste
NewEnergyBlue LLC
Nexus Fuels, LLC
Nordic ElectroFuel
Norsk e-Fuel AS
Nova Pangaea Technologies (UK) Ltd.
Novozymes A/S
OCOChem
Opus 12, Inc.
ORLEN Poludnie
Oy Hydrocell Ltd.
Photanol B.V.
Phycobloom
Praj Industries Ltd.
Prometheus Fuels, Inc.
Proton Power, Inc.
Pure Lignin Environmental Technology
Qairos Energies
RenFuel
Renmatix
Resynergi, Inc.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB
Royal DSM N.V
Sainc Energy Limited
SBI BioEnergy Inc.
Sekab E-Technology AB
Silva Green Fuel
SkyNRG
Skytree BV
Solitaire Power
St1 Oy
Steeper Energy Aps
SunCoal Industries GmbH
Sundrop Fuels, Inc.
Sunfire GmbH
Sunho Biodiesel Corporation
Synhelion
UPM Biofuels
Velocys
VERBIO Vereinigte BioEnergie AG
Vertimass LLC
Vertoro
Vertus Energy Ltd.
Virent Inc.
Viridos
WasteFuel

Methodology

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Table of Contents

Companies Mentioned

Methodology

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