+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)

Industrial Desiccant Dryer Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 93 Pages
  • August 2023
  • Region: Global
  • Prof Research
  • ID: 5577465

Quick Summary:

Leverage a deeper understanding of the dynamic landscape of the Industrial Desiccant Dryer market with our comprehensive market report. Benefit from an exhaustive analysis of historical performance, current trends, and future projections, all of which provide valuable insights geared towards navigated stakeholder decision-making.

This all-encompassing report covers key geographical areas, including North America, South America, Asia & Pacific, Europe, and MEA, highlighting regional supply and demand, major players, and market pricing. Stay one step ahead with our in-depth competitor analysis, inclusive of company profiles, SWOT analyses, sales volumes, revenues, prices, gross margins, and market shares. Explore the variegated industrial applications of desiccant dryers, each with its unique market scope, serving industries like chemical plants, power plants, food factories, and pharmaceutical factories. Improve business strategies through astute knowledge and stay ahead in the global market of Industrial Desiccant Dryer.

This report describes the global market size of Industrial Desiccant Dryer from 2018 to 2022 and its CAGR from 2018 to 2022, and also forecasts its market size to the end of 2028 and its CAGR from 2023 to 2028.

For the geography segment, regional supply, demand, major players, price is presented from 2018 to 2028.

This report covers the following regions:

  • North America
  • South America
  • Asia & Pacific
  • Europe
  • MEA
The key countries for each region are also included such as the United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.

For the competitor segment, the report includes global key players of Industrial Desiccant Dryer as well as some small players.

The information for each competitor includes:

  • Company Profile
  • Main Business Information
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
  • Market Share

Applications Segment:

  • Chemical Plant
  • Power Plant
  • Food Factory
  • Pharmaceutical Factory

Types Segment:

  • Intermittent Desiccant Dryer
  • Continuous Desiccant Dryer

Companies Covered:

  • Atlas Copco
  • Ingersoll Rand
  • SPX FLOW
  • Kaeser Compressors
  • Sullair
  • KAWATA
  • Gardner Denver
  • MATSUI
Base Year: 2023
Historical Data: from 2018 to 2022
Forecast Data: from 2023 to 2028


This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Executive SummaryChapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
3.1 Research Scope
3.2 Research Sources
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions
3.3 Research Method
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Classification/Types
4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Drivers
5.3 Restraints
5.4 Opportunities
5.5 Threats
5.6 Covid-19 Impact
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
6.2 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Analysis
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
7.1 Latest News
7.2 Merger and Acquisition
7.3 Planned/Future Project
7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
8.1 Export of Industrial Desiccant Dryer by Region
8.2 Import of Industrial Desiccant Dryer by Region
8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Forecast Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market in North America (2018-2028)
9.1 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size
9.2 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand by End Use
9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
9.5 Key Countries Analysis
9.5.1 United States
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Forecast Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market in South America (2018-2028)
10.1 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size
10.2 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand by End Use
10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
10.5 Key Countries Analysis
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Forecast Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market in Asia & Pacific (2018-2028)
11.1 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size
11.2 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand by End Use
11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
11.5 Key Countries Analysis
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 Southeast Asia
11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Forecast Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market in Europe (2018-2028)
12.1 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size
12.2 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand by End Use
12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
12.5 Key Countries Analysis
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 United Kingdom
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Forecast Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market in MEA (2018-2028)
13.1 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size
13.2 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand by End Use
13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
13.5 Key Countries Analysis
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
13.5.5 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary For Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market (2018-2023)
14.1 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size
14.2 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand by End Use
14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size Forecast
15.2 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand Forecast
15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
16.1 Atlas Copco
16.1.1 Company Profile
16.1.2 Main Business and Industrial Desiccant Dryer Information
16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Atlas Copco
16.1.4 Atlas Copco Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.2 Ingersoll Rand
16.2.1 Company Profile
16.2.2 Main Business and Industrial Desiccant Dryer Information
16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of Ingersoll Rand
16.2.4 Ingersoll Rand Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.3 SPX FLOW
16.3.1 Company Profile
16.3.2 Main Business and Industrial Desiccant Dryer Information
16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of SPX FLOW
16.3.4 SPX FLOW Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.4 Kaeser Compressors
16.4.1 Company Profile
16.4.2 Main Business and Industrial Desiccant Dryer Information
16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of Kaeser Compressors
16.4.4 Kaeser Compressors Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.5 Sullair
16.5.1 Company Profile
16.5.2 Main Business and Industrial Desiccant Dryer Information
16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of Sullair
16.5.4 Sullair Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.6 KAWATA
16.6.1 Company Profile
16.6.2 Main Business and Industrial Desiccant Dryer Information
16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of KAWATA
16.6.4 KAWATA Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.7 Gardner Denver
16.7.1 Company Profile
16.7.2 Main Business and Industrial Desiccant Dryer Information
16.7.3 SWOT Analysis of Gardner Denver
16.7.4 Gardner Denver Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.8 MATSUI
16.8.1 Company Profile
16.8.2 Main Business and Industrial Desiccant Dryer Information
16.8.3 SWOT Analysis of MATSUI
16.8.4 MATSUI Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Tables and Figures
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Industrial Desiccant Dryer Report
Table Data Sources of Industrial Desiccant Dryer Report
Table Major Assumptions of Industrial Desiccant Dryer Report
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Industrial Desiccant Dryer Picture
Table Industrial Desiccant Dryer Classification
Table Industrial Desiccant Dryer Applications List
Table Drivers of Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market
Table Restraints of Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market
Table Opportunities of Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market
Table Threats of Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market
Table Covid-19 Impact For Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Industrial Desiccant Dryer
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Industrial Desiccant Dryer
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market
Table Policy of Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market
Table 2018-2028 Regional Export of Industrial Desiccant Dryer
Table 2018-2028 Regional Import of Industrial Desiccant Dryer
Table 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2018-2028 North America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 North America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 North America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 North America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 North America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 North America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 North America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 North America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 United States Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United States Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 South America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 South America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 South America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 South America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 South America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 South America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 South America Industrial Desiccant Dryer Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Industrial Desiccant Dryer Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 China Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 China Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 India Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 India Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Industrial Desiccant Dryer Export List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Europe Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Europe Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Europe Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Europe Industrial Desiccant Dryer Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Germany Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Germany Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 France Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 France Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 MEA Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 MEA Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 MEA Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 MEA Industrial Desiccant Dryer Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Industrial Desiccant Dryer Import & Export List
Table 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Volume List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Vendors Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Vendors Sales Share List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Volume and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Vendors Revenue List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Vendors Revenue Share List
Table 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Regional Industrial Desiccant Dryer Price List
Table 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Volume List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Vendors Sales List
Table 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Vendors Sales Share List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Volume and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Vendors Revenue List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Size and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Key Vendors Revenue Share List
Table 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Global Industrial Desiccant Dryer Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Industrial Desiccant Dryer Regional Price List
Table Atlas Copco Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Atlas Copco
Table 2018-2023 Atlas Copco Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Atlas Copco Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Atlas Copco Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Share
Table Ingersoll Rand Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Ingersoll Rand
Table 2018-2023 Ingersoll Rand Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Ingersoll Rand Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Ingersoll Rand Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Share
Table SPX FLOW Information
Table SWOT Analysis of SPX FLOW
Table 2018-2023 SPX FLOW Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 SPX FLOW Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 SPX FLOW Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Share
Table Kaeser Compressors Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Kaeser Compressors
Table 2018-2023 Kaeser Compressors Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Kaeser Compressors Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Kaeser Compressors Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Share
Table Sullair Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Sullair
Table 2018-2023 Sullair Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Sullair Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Sullair Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Share
Table KAWATA Information
Table SWOT Analysis of KAWATA
Table 2018-2023 KAWATA Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 KAWATA Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 KAWATA Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Share
Table Gardner Denver Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Gardner Denver
Table 2018-2023 Gardner Denver Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Gardner Denver Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Gardner Denver Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Share
Table MATSUI Information
Table SWOT Analysis of MATSUI
Table 2018-2023 MATSUI Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 MATSUI Industrial Desiccant Dryer Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 MATSUI Industrial Desiccant Dryer Market Share

Companies Mentioned (Partial List)

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:

  • Atlas Copco
  • Ingersoll Rand
  • SPX FLOW
  • Kaeser Compressors
  • Sullair
  • KAWATA
  • Gardner Denver
  • MATSUI
  • Rotorcomp
  • BEKO

Methodology

Loading
LOADING...