1h Free Analyst Time
The global surgical pliers market is forecasted to grow by USD 175.0 million during 2025-2030, accelerating at a CAGR of 4.7% during the forecast period. The report on the global surgical pliers market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.Speak directly to the analyst to clarify any post sales queries you may have.
The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by rising prevalence of chronic diseases and aging global population, technological advancements and shift towards minimally invasive surgery, expansion of healthcare infrastructure and increased healthcare.
The study identifies the integration of haptic feedback and robotic precision in surgical instrumentation as one of the prime reasons driving the global surgical pliers market growth during the next few years. Also, advancements in ergonomic design and high-performance metallurgy and expanding demand driven by outpatient and ambulatory surgical centers will lead to sizable demand in the market.
The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market size data, segment with regional analysis and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key companies. Reports have historic and forecast data.
The global surgical pliers market is segmented as below:
By Product
- Reusable
- Disposable
By End-User
- Hospitals
- Surgical clinics
- Ambulatory surgical centers
By Type
- Straight
- Curved
- Others
By Region
- North America
- Europe
- Asia
- Rest of World (RoW)
- Rest of World (RoW)
The report covers the following areas:
- Global surgical pliers market sizing
- Global surgical pliers market forecast
- Global surgical pliers market industry analysis
The report presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive primary and secondary research. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast accurate market growth.
Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary
1.1 Market overview
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
- Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
- Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market by Geography
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Product
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by End-user
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
- Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
- Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
- Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning
2 Market Analysis
2.1 Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
2.2 Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
2.2 Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
- Chart on Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
- Chart on Overview on factors of disruption
- Chart on Impact of drivers and challenges in 2025 and 2030
3 Market Landscape
3.1 Market ecosystem
- Chart on Parent Market
- Data Table on - Parent Market
- Chart on Market characteristics analysis
- Chart on Value chain analysis
4 Market Sizing
4.1 Market definition
4.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2025-2030
- Data Table on Offerings of companies included in the market definition
- Market segments
4.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2025-2030
- Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
5 Historic Market Size
5.1 Global Surgical Pliers Market 2020-2024
- Historic Market Size - Data Table on Global Surgical Pliers Market 2020-2024 ($ million)
- Historic Market Size - Product Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
- Historic Market Size - End-user Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
- Historic Market Size - Type Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
- Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
- Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
6 Qualitative Analysis
6.1 The AI impact on Global Surgical Pliers Market
7 Five Forces Analysis
7.1 Five forces summary
- Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2025 and 2030
- Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2025 and 2030
- Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
- Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
- Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
- Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
- Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2025 and 2030
8 Market Segmentation by Product
8.1 Market segments
- Chart on Product - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Product - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Comparison by Product
- Data Table on Comparison by Product
- Chart on Reusable - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Reusable - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Reusable - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Reusable - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Disposable - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Disposable - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Disposable - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Disposable - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Market opportunity by Product ($ million)
- Data Table on Market opportunity by Product ($ million)
9 Market Segmentation by End-user
9.1 Market segments
- Chart on End-user - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on End-user - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Comparison by End-user
- Data Table on Comparison by End-user
- Chart on Hospitals - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Hospitals - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Hospitals - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Hospitals - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Surgical clinics - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Surgical clinics - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Surgical clinics - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Surgical clinics - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Ambulatory surgical centers - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Ambulatory surgical centers - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Ambulatory surgical centers - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Ambulatory surgical centers - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)
- Data Table on Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)
10 Market Segmentation by Type
10.1 Market segments
- Chart on Type - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Type - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Comparison by Type
- Data Table on Comparison by Type
- Chart on Straight - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Straight - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Straight - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Straight - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Curved - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Curved - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Curved - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Curved - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
- Data Table on Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
11 Customer Landscape
11.1 Customer landscape overview
- Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
12 Geographic Landscape
12.1 Geographic segmentation
- Chart on Market share by geography 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Market share by geography 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Geographic comparison
- Data Table on Geographic comparison
- Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Regional Comparison - North America
- Data Table on Regional Comparison - North America
- Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Mexico - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Mexico - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Mexico - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Mexico - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Regional Comparison - Europe
- Data Table on Regional Comparison - Europe
- Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on France - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on France - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on France - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on France - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Italy - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Italy - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Italy - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Italy - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Spain - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Spain - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Spain - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Spain - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on The Netherlands - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on The Netherlands - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on The Netherlands - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on The Netherlands - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Russia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Russia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Russia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Russia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Asia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Asia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Asia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Asia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Regional Comparison - Asia
- Data Table on Regional Comparison - Asia
- Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on India - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on India - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on India - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on India - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Indonesia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Indonesia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Indonesia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Indonesia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Thailand - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Thailand - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Thailand - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Thailand - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Singapore - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Singapore - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Singapore - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Singapore - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Rest of World (ROW) - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Rest of World (ROW) - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Regional Comparison - Rest of World (ROW)
- Data Table on Regional Comparison - Rest of World (ROW)
- Chart on Australia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Australia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Australia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Australia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Brazil - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Brazil - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Brazil - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Brazil - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Saudi Arabia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Saudi Arabia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Saudi Arabia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Saudi Arabia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on South Africa - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on South Africa - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on South Africa - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on South Africa - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on UAE - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on UAE - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on UAE - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on UAE - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Chart on Turkey - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Turkey - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Turkey - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Turkey - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Market opportunity by geography ($ million)
- Data Tables on Market opportunity by geography ($ million)
13 Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunity
13.1 Market drivers
- Rising prevalence of chronic diseases and aging global population
- Technological advancements and shift towards minimally invasive surgery
- Expansion of healthcare infrastructure and increased healthcare
- Intensifying regulatory scrutiny and quality assurance burdens
- Limited adoption in low-resource healthcare settings
- Supply chain volatility and raw material dependency
- Impact of drivers and challenges in 2025 and 2030
- Integration of haptic feedback and robotic precision in surgical instrumentation
- Advancements in ergonomic design and high-performance metallurgy
- Expanding demand driven by outpatient and ambulatory surgical centers
14 Competitive Landscape
14.1 Overview
14.2 Competitive Landscape
14.2 Competitive Landscape
- Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
- Overview on factors of disruption
- Impact of key risks on business
15 Competitive Analysis
15.1 Companies profiled
15.2 Company ranking index
15.3 Market positioning of companies
15.2 Company ranking index
15.3 Market positioning of companies
- Matrix on companies position and classification
- B.Braun SE - Overview
- B.Braun SE - Product / Service
- B.Braun SE - Key news
- B.Braun SE - Key offerings
- SWOT
- CONMED Corp. - Overview
- CONMED Corp. - Product / Service
- CONMED Corp. - Key offerings
- SWOT
- Gebruder Martin GmbH and Co. - Overview
- Gebruder Martin GmbH and Co. - Product / Service
- Gebruder Martin GmbH and Co. - Key offerings
- SWOT
- Integra LifeSciences Corp. - Overview
- Integra LifeSciences Corp. - Business segments
- Integra LifeSciences Corp. - Key news
- Integra LifeSciences Corp. - Key offerings
- Integra LifeSciences Corp. - Segment focus
- SWOT
- KARL STORZ SE and Co. KG - Overview
- KARL STORZ SE and Co. KG - Product / Service
- KARL STORZ SE and Co. KG - Key offerings
- SWOT
- Medline Industries LP - Overview
- Medline Industries LP - Product / Service
- Medline Industries LP - Key offerings
- SWOT
- Medtronic Plc - Overview
- Medtronic Plc - Business segments
- Medtronic Plc - Key news
- Medtronic Plc - Key offerings
- Medtronic Plc - Segment focus
- SWOT
- Millennium Surgical Corp. - Overview
- Millennium Surgical Corp. - Product / Service
- Millennium Surgical Corp. - Key offerings
- SWOT
- Olympus Corp. - Overview
- Olympus Corp. - Business segments
- Olympus Corp. - Key news
- Olympus Corp. - Key offerings
- Olympus Corp. - Segment focus
- SWOT
- Smith and Nephew plc - Overview
- Smith and Nephew plc - Business segments
- Smith and Nephew plc - Key news
- Smith and Nephew plc - Key offerings
- Smith and Nephew plc - Segment focus
- SWOT
- STERIS plc - Overview
- STERIS plc - Business segments
- STERIS plc - Key news
- STERIS plc - Key offerings
- STERIS plc - Segment focus
- SWOT
- Stryker Corp. - Overview
- Stryker Corp. - Business segments
- Stryker Corp. - Key news
- Stryker Corp. - Key offerings
- Stryker Corp. - Segment focus
- SWOT
- Teleflex Inc. - Overview
- Teleflex Inc. - Business segments
- Teleflex Inc. - Key news
- Teleflex Inc. - Key offerings
- Teleflex Inc. - Segment focus
- SWOT
- Zimmer Biomet Holdings Inc. - Overview
- Zimmer Biomet Holdings Inc. - Business segments
- Zimmer Biomet Holdings Inc. - Key news
- Zimmer Biomet Holdings Inc. - Key offerings
- Zimmer Biomet Holdings Inc. - Segment focus
- SWOT
- Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. - Overview
- Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. - Business segments
- Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. - Key news
- Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. - Key offerings
- Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. - Segment focus
- SWOT
16 Appendix
16.1 Scope of the report
16.4 Research methodology
16.5 Data procurement
16.8 Data synthesis
16.9 360-degree market analysis
16.10 List of abbreviations
- Market definition
- Objectives
- Notes and caveats
- Inclusions checklist
- Exclusions checklist
16.4 Research methodology
16.5 Data procurement
- Information sources
- Data validation
16.8 Data synthesis
16.9 360-degree market analysis
16.10 List of abbreviations
List of Exhibits
Exhibits 1: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
Exhibits 2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
Exhibits 3: Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
Exhibits 4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market by Geography
Exhibits 5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Product
Exhibits 6: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by End-user
Exhibits 7: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
Exhibits 8: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
Exhibits 9: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
Exhibits 10: Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning
Exhibits 11: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
Exhibits 12: Chart on Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
Exhibits 13: Chart on Overview on factors of disruption
Exhibits 14: Chart on Impact of drivers and challenges in 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 15: Chart on Parent Market
Exhibits 16: Data Table on - Parent Market
Exhibits 17: Chart on Market characteristics analysis
Exhibits 18: Chart on Value chain analysis
Exhibits 19: Data Table on Offerings of companies included in the market definition
Exhibits 20: Market segments
Exhibits 21: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 22: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 23: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 24: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 25: Historic Market Size - Data Table on Global Surgical Pliers Market 2020-2024 ($ million)
Exhibits 26: Historic Market Size - Product Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
Exhibits 27: Historic Market Size - End-user Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
Exhibits 28: Historic Market Size - Type Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
Exhibits 29: Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
Exhibits 30: Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
Exhibits 31: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 32: Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 33: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 34: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 35: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 36: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 37: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 38: Chart on Product - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 39: Data Table on Product - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 40: Chart on Comparison by Product
Exhibits 41: Data Table on Comparison by Product
Exhibits 42: Chart on Reusable - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 43: Data Table on Reusable - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 44: Chart on Reusable - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 45: Data Table on Reusable - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 46: Chart on Disposable - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 47: Data Table on Disposable - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 48: Chart on Disposable - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 49: Data Table on Disposable - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 50: Market opportunity by Product ($ million)
Exhibits 51: Data Table on Market opportunity by Product ($ million)
Exhibits 52: Chart on End-user - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 53: Data Table on End-user - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 54: Chart on Comparison by End-user
Exhibits 55: Data Table on Comparison by End-user
Exhibits 56: Chart on Hospitals - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 57: Data Table on Hospitals - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 58: Chart on Hospitals - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 59: Data Table on Hospitals - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 60: Chart on Surgical clinics - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 61: Data Table on Surgical clinics - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 62: Chart on Surgical clinics - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 63: Data Table on Surgical clinics - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 64: Chart on Ambulatory surgical centers - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 65: Data Table on Ambulatory surgical centers - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 66: Chart on Ambulatory surgical centers - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 67: Data Table on Ambulatory surgical centers - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 68: Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)
Exhibits 69: Data Table on Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)
Exhibits 70: Chart on Type - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 71: Data Table on Type - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 72: Chart on Comparison by Type
Exhibits 73: Data Table on Comparison by Type
Exhibits 74: Chart on Straight - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 75: Data Table on Straight - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 76: Chart on Straight - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 77: Data Table on Straight - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 78: Chart on Curved - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 79: Data Table on Curved - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 80: Chart on Curved - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 81: Data Table on Curved - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 82: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 83: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 84: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 85: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 86: Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
Exhibits 87: Data Table on Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
Exhibits 88: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
Exhibits 89: Chart on Market share by geography 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 90: Data Table on Market share by geography 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 91: Chart on Geographic comparison
Exhibits 92: Data Table on Geographic comparison
Exhibits 93: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 94: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 95: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 96: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 97: Chart on Regional Comparison - North America
Exhibits 98: Data Table on Regional Comparison - North America
Exhibits 99: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 100: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 101: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 102: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 103: Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 104: Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 105: Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 106: Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 107: Chart on Mexico - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 108: Data Table on Mexico - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 109: Chart on Mexico - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 110: Data Table on Mexico - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 111: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 112: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 113: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 114: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 115: Chart on Regional Comparison - Europe
Exhibits 116: Data Table on Regional Comparison - Europe
Exhibits 117: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 118: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 119: Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 120: Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 121: Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 122: Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 123: Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 124: Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 125: Chart on France - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 126: Data Table on France - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 127: Chart on France - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 128: Data Table on France - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 129: Chart on Italy - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 130: Data Table on Italy - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 131: Chart on Italy - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 132: Data Table on Italy - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 133: Chart on Spain - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 134: Data Table on Spain - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 135: Chart on Spain - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 136: Data Table on Spain - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 137: Chart on The Netherlands - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 138: Data Table on The Netherlands - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 139: Chart on The Netherlands - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 140: Data Table on The Netherlands - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 141: Chart on Russia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 142: Data Table on Russia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 143: Chart on Russia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 144: Data Table on Russia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 145: Chart on Asia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 146: Data Table on Asia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 147: Chart on Asia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 148: Data Table on Asia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 149: Chart on Regional Comparison - Asia
Exhibits 150: Data Table on Regional Comparison - Asia
Exhibits 151: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 152: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 153: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 154: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 155: Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 156: Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 157: Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 158: Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 159: Chart on India - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 160: Data Table on India - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 161: Chart on India - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 162: Data Table on India - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 163: Chart on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 164: Data Table on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 165: Chart on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 166: Data Table on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 167: Chart on Indonesia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 168: Data Table on Indonesia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
Exhibits 3: Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
Exhibits 4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market by Geography
Exhibits 5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Product
Exhibits 6: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by End-user
Exhibits 7: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
Exhibits 8: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
Exhibits 9: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
Exhibits 10: Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning
Exhibits 11: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
Exhibits 12: Chart on Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
Exhibits 13: Chart on Overview on factors of disruption
Exhibits 14: Chart on Impact of drivers and challenges in 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 15: Chart on Parent Market
Exhibits 16: Data Table on - Parent Market
Exhibits 17: Chart on Market characteristics analysis
Exhibits 18: Chart on Value chain analysis
Exhibits 19: Data Table on Offerings of companies included in the market definition
Exhibits 20: Market segments
Exhibits 21: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 22: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 23: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 24: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 25: Historic Market Size - Data Table on Global Surgical Pliers Market 2020-2024 ($ million)
Exhibits 26: Historic Market Size - Product Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
Exhibits 27: Historic Market Size - End-user Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
Exhibits 28: Historic Market Size - Type Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
Exhibits 29: Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
Exhibits 30: Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2020-2024 ($ million)
Exhibits 31: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 32: Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 33: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 34: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 35: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 36: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 37: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2025 and 2030
Exhibits 38: Chart on Product - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 39: Data Table on Product - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 40: Chart on Comparison by Product
Exhibits 41: Data Table on Comparison by Product
Exhibits 42: Chart on Reusable - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 43: Data Table on Reusable - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 44: Chart on Reusable - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 45: Data Table on Reusable - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 46: Chart on Disposable - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 47: Data Table on Disposable - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 48: Chart on Disposable - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 49: Data Table on Disposable - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 50: Market opportunity by Product ($ million)
Exhibits 51: Data Table on Market opportunity by Product ($ million)
Exhibits 52: Chart on End-user - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 53: Data Table on End-user - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 54: Chart on Comparison by End-user
Exhibits 55: Data Table on Comparison by End-user
Exhibits 56: Chart on Hospitals - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 57: Data Table on Hospitals - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 58: Chart on Hospitals - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 59: Data Table on Hospitals - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 60: Chart on Surgical clinics - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 61: Data Table on Surgical clinics - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 62: Chart on Surgical clinics - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 63: Data Table on Surgical clinics - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 64: Chart on Ambulatory surgical centers - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 65: Data Table on Ambulatory surgical centers - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 66: Chart on Ambulatory surgical centers - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 67: Data Table on Ambulatory surgical centers - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 68: Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)
Exhibits 69: Data Table on Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)
Exhibits 70: Chart on Type - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 71: Data Table on Type - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 72: Chart on Comparison by Type
Exhibits 73: Data Table on Comparison by Type
Exhibits 74: Chart on Straight - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 75: Data Table on Straight - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 76: Chart on Straight - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 77: Data Table on Straight - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 78: Chart on Curved - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 79: Data Table on Curved - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 80: Chart on Curved - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 81: Data Table on Curved - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 82: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 83: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 84: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 85: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 86: Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
Exhibits 87: Data Table on Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
Exhibits 88: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
Exhibits 89: Chart on Market share by geography 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 90: Data Table on Market share by geography 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 91: Chart on Geographic comparison
Exhibits 92: Data Table on Geographic comparison
Exhibits 93: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 94: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 95: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 96: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 97: Chart on Regional Comparison - North America
Exhibits 98: Data Table on Regional Comparison - North America
Exhibits 99: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 100: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 101: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 102: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 103: Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 104: Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 105: Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 106: Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 107: Chart on Mexico - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 108: Data Table on Mexico - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 109: Chart on Mexico - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 110: Data Table on Mexico - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 111: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 112: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 113: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 114: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 115: Chart on Regional Comparison - Europe
Exhibits 116: Data Table on Regional Comparison - Europe
Exhibits 117: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 118: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 119: Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 120: Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 121: Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 122: Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 123: Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 124: Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 125: Chart on France - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 126: Data Table on France - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 127: Chart on France - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 128: Data Table on France - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 129: Chart on Italy - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 130: Data Table on Italy - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 131: Chart on Italy - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 132: Data Table on Italy - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 133: Chart on Spain - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 134: Data Table on Spain - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 135: Chart on Spain - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 136: Data Table on Spain - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 137: Chart on The Netherlands - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 138: Data Table on The Netherlands - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 139: Chart on The Netherlands - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 140: Data Table on The Netherlands - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 141: Chart on Russia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 142: Data Table on Russia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 143: Chart on Russia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 144: Data Table on Russia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 145: Chart on Asia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 146: Data Table on Asia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 147: Chart on Asia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 148: Data Table on Asia - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 149: Chart on Regional Comparison - Asia
Exhibits 150: Data Table on Regional Comparison - Asia
Exhibits 151: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 152: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 153: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 154: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 155: Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 156: Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 157: Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 158: Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 159: Chart on India - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 160: Data Table on India - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 161: Chart on India - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 162: Data Table on India - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 163: Chart on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 164: Data Table on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 165: Chart on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 166: Data Table on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
Exhibits 167: Chart on Indonesia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Exhibits 168: Data Table on Indonesia - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
Executive Summary
The following companies are recognized as the key players in the global global surgical pliers market: B.Braun SE, CONMED Corp., Gebruder Martin GmbH and Co., Integra LifeSciences Corp., KARL STORZ SE and Co. KG, Medline Industries LP, Medtronic Plc, Millennium Surgical Corp., Olympus Corp., Smith and Nephew plc, STERIS plc, Stryker Corp., Teleflex Inc., Zimmer Biomet Holdings Inc., Zydus Lifesciences Ltd..Commenting on the report, an analyst from the research team said: "The latest trend gaining momentum in the market is integration of haptic feedback and robotic precision in surgical instrumentation."
According to the report, one of the major drivers for this market is the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and aging global population.
The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to a SWOT analysis of the key vendors.
Companies Mentioned (Partial List)
A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:
- B.Braun SE
- CONMED Corp.
- Gebruder Martin GmbH and Co.
- Integra LifeSciences Corp.
- KARL STORZ SE and Co. KG
- Medline Industries LP
- Medtronic PLC
- Millennium Surgical Corp.
- Olympus Corp.
- Smith and Nephew PLC
- STERIS PLC
- Stryker Corp.
- Teleflex Inc.
- Zimmer Biomet Holdings Inc.
- Zydus Lifesciences Ltd.
