+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)

Automotive Engine Valve Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 107 Pages
  • July 2023
  • Region: Global
  • Prof Research
  • ID: 5662960

Quick Summary:

In the ever-evolving landscape of the global Automotive Engine Valve market, staying ahead of the competition is critical. This comprehensive market research report arms you with the knowledge needed to make informed business decisions, offering robust insights on market dynamics, growth drivers, and trends.

The study provides an in-depth analysis of key global market regions including North America, South America, Asia Pacific, Europe, and MEA, presenting detailed data on regional supply, demand, and pricing from key players. Additionally, it spotlights the success strategies of leading and emerging competitors, offering insights into their company profiles, main business information, SWOT analysis, sales volume, revenue, price and gross margin, and market share.

Whether your focus is passenger or commercial vehicles, gasoline or diesel engine valves, our report will give you the competitive edge that you require to excel in your strategic planning and achieve business success. The data presented in our report promises to guide your decision-making, streamline operations, and ultimately drive growth.

This report describes the global market size of Automotive Engine Valve from 2018 to 2022 and its CAGR from 2018 to 2022, and also forecasts its market size to the end of 2028 and its CAGR from 2023 to 2028.

For the geography segment, regional supply, demand, major players, price is presented from 2018 to 2028.

This report covers the following regions:

  • North America
  • South America
  • Asia & Pacific
  • Europe
  • MEA
The key countries for each region are also included such as the United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.

For the competitor segment, the report includes global key players of Automotive Engine Valve as well as some small players.

The information for each competitor includes:

  • Company Profile
  • Main Business Information
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
  • Market Share

Applications Segment:

  • Passenger Vehicle
  • Commercial Vehicle

Types Segment:

  • Gasoline Engine Valve
  • Diesel Engine Valve

Companies Covered:

  • Federal-Mogul (TRW)
  • Eaton
  • Mahle
  • Fuji Oozx
  • Worldwide Auto-Accessory
  • Rane
  • Dengyun Auto-parts
  • ShengChi
  • Xin Yue
  • Yangzhou Guanghui
Base Year: 2023
Historical Data: from 2018 to 2022
Forecast Data: from 2023 to 2028


This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Executive SummaryChapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
3.1 Research Scope
3.2 Research Sources
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions
3.3 Research Method
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Classification/Types
4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Drivers
5.3 Restraints
5.4 Opportunities
5.5 Threats
5.6 Covid-19 Impact
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
6.2 Automotive Engine Valve Analysis
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
7.1 Latest News
7.2 Merger and Acquisition
7.3 Planned/Future Project
7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
8.1 Export of Automotive Engine Valve by Region
8.2 Import of Automotive Engine Valve by Region
8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Forecast Automotive Engine Valve Market in North America (2018-2028)
9.1 Automotive Engine Valve Market Size
9.2 Automotive Engine Valve Demand by End Use
9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
9.5 Key Countries Analysis
9.5.1 United States
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Forecast Automotive Engine Valve Market in South America (2018-2028)
10.1 Automotive Engine Valve Market Size
10.2 Automotive Engine Valve Demand by End Use
10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
10.5 Key Countries Analysis
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Forecast Automotive Engine Valve Market in Asia & Pacific (2018-2028)
11.1 Automotive Engine Valve Market Size
11.2 Automotive Engine Valve Demand by End Use
11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
11.5 Key Countries Analysis
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 Southeast Asia
11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Forecast Automotive Engine Valve Market in Europe (2018-2028)
12.1 Automotive Engine Valve Market Size
12.2 Automotive Engine Valve Demand by End Use
12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
12.5 Key Countries Analysis
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 United Kingdom
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Forecast Automotive Engine Valve Market in MEA (2018-2028)
13.1 Automotive Engine Valve Market Size
13.2 Automotive Engine Valve Demand by End Use
13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
13.5 Key Countries Analysis
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
13.5.5 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary For Global Automotive Engine Valve Market (2018-2023)
14.1 Automotive Engine Valve Market Size
14.2 Automotive Engine Valve Demand by End Use
14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Automotive Engine Valve Market Size Forecast
15.2 Automotive Engine Valve Demand Forecast
15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
16.1 Federal-Mogul (TRW)
16.1.1 Company Profile
16.1.2 Main Business and Automotive Engine Valve Information
16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Federal-Mogul (TRW)
16.1.4 Federal-Mogul (TRW) Automotive Engine Valve Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.2 Eaton
16.2.1 Company Profile
16.2.2 Main Business and Automotive Engine Valve Information
16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of Eaton
16.2.4 Eaton Automotive Engine Valve Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.3 Mahle
16.3.1 Company Profile
16.3.2 Main Business and Automotive Engine Valve Information
16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of Mahle
16.3.4 Mahle Automotive Engine Valve Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.4 Fuji Oozx
16.4.1 Company Profile
16.4.2 Main Business and Automotive Engine Valve Information
16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of Fuji Oozx
16.4.4 Fuji Oozx Automotive Engine Valve Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.5 Worldwide Auto-Accessory
16.5.1 Company Profile
16.5.2 Main Business and Automotive Engine Valve Information
16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of Worldwide Auto-Accessory
16.5.4 Worldwide Auto-Accessory Automotive Engine Valve Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.6 Rane
16.6.1 Company Profile
16.6.2 Main Business and Automotive Engine Valve Information
16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of Rane
16.6.4 Rane Automotive Engine Valve Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.7 Dengyun Auto-parts
16.7.1 Company Profile
16.7.2 Main Business and Automotive Engine Valve Information
16.7.3 SWOT Analysis of Dengyun Auto-parts
16.7.4 Dengyun Auto-parts Automotive Engine Valve Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.8 ShengChi
16.8.1 Company Profile
16.8.2 Main Business and Automotive Engine Valve Information
16.8.3 SWOT Analysis of ShengChi
16.8.4 ShengChi Automotive Engine Valve Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.9 Xin Yue
16.9.1 Company Profile
16.9.2 Main Business and Automotive Engine Valve Information
16.9.3 SWOT Analysis of Xin Yue
16.9.4 Xin Yue Automotive Engine Valve Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.10 Yangzhou Guanghui
16.10.1 Company Profile
16.10.2 Main Business and Automotive Engine Valve Information
16.10.3 SWOT Analysis of Yangzhou Guanghui
16.10.4 Yangzhou Guanghui Automotive Engine Valve Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Tables and Figures
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Automotive Engine Valve Report
Table Data Sources of Automotive Engine Valve Report
Table Major Assumptions of Automotive Engine Valve Report
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Automotive Engine Valve Picture
Table Automotive Engine Valve Classification
Table Automotive Engine Valve Applications List
Table Drivers of Automotive Engine Valve Market
Table Restraints of Automotive Engine Valve Market
Table Opportunities of Automotive Engine Valve Market
Table Threats of Automotive Engine Valve Market
Table Covid-19 Impact For Automotive Engine Valve Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Automotive Engine Valve
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Automotive Engine Valve
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Automotive Engine Valve Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Automotive Engine Valve Market
Table Policy of Automotive Engine Valve Market
Table 2018-2028 Regional Export of Automotive Engine Valve
Table 2018-2028 Regional Import of Automotive Engine Valve
Table 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2018-2028 North America Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 North America Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 North America Automotive Engine Valve Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 North America Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 North America Automotive Engine Valve Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 North America Automotive Engine Valve Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 North America Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 North America Automotive Engine Valve Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 United States Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United States Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South America Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 South America Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 South America Automotive Engine Valve Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 South America Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 South America Automotive Engine Valve Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 South America Automotive Engine Valve Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 South America Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 South America Automotive Engine Valve Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Automotive Engine Valve Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Automotive Engine Valve Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Automotive Engine Valve Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Automotive Engine Valve Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 China Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 China Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 India Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 India Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Automotive Engine Valve Market Size List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Automotive Engine Valve Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Automotive Engine Valve Import List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Automotive Engine Valve Export List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Automotive Engine Valve Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Europe Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Europe Automotive Engine Valve Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Europe Automotive Engine Valve Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Europe Automotive Engine Valve Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Germany Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Germany Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 France Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 France Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Automotive Engine Valve Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 MEA Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 MEA Automotive Engine Valve Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 MEA Automotive Engine Valve Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 MEA Automotive Engine Valve Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Automotive Engine Valve Import & Export List
Table 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Size List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Volume List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Key Vendors Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Key Vendors Sales Share List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Volume and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Key Vendors Revenue List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Key Vendors Revenue Share List
Table 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Global Automotive Engine Valve Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Regional Automotive Engine Valve Price List
Table 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Size List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Volume List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Key Vendors Sales List
Table 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Key Vendors Sales Share List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Volume and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Key Vendors Revenue List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Market Size and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Key Vendors Revenue Share List
Table 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Demand List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Global Automotive Engine Valve Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Automotive Engine Valve Regional Price List
Table Federal-Mogul (TRW) Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Federal-Mogul (TRW)
Table 2018-2023 Federal-Mogul (TRW) Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Federal-Mogul (TRW) Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Federal-Mogul (TRW) Automotive Engine Valve Market Share
Table Eaton Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Eaton
Table 2018-2023 Eaton Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Eaton Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Eaton Automotive Engine Valve Market Share
Table Mahle Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Mahle
Table 2018-2023 Mahle Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Mahle Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Mahle Automotive Engine Valve Market Share
Table Fuji Oozx Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Fuji Oozx
Table 2018-2023 Fuji Oozx Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Fuji Oozx Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Fuji Oozx Automotive Engine Valve Market Share
Table Worldwide Auto-Accessory Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Worldwide Auto-Accessory
Table 2018-2023 Worldwide Auto-Accessory Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Worldwide Auto-Accessory Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Worldwide Auto-Accessory Automotive Engine Valve Market Share
Table Rane Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Rane
Table 2018-2023 Rane Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Rane Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Rane Automotive Engine Valve Market Share
Table Dengyun Auto-parts Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Dengyun Auto-parts
Table 2018-2023 Dengyun Auto-parts Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Dengyun Auto-parts Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Dengyun Auto-parts Automotive Engine Valve Market Share
Table ShengChi Information
Table SWOT Analysis of ShengChi
Table 2018-2023 ShengChi Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 ShengChi Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 ShengChi Automotive Engine Valve Market Share
Table Xin Yue Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Xin Yue
Table 2018-2023 Xin Yue Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Xin Yue Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Xin Yue Automotive Engine Valve Market Share
Table Yangzhou Guanghui Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Yangzhou Guanghui
Table 2018-2023 Yangzhou Guanghui Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Yangzhou Guanghui Automotive Engine Valve Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Yangzhou Guanghui Automotive Engine Valve Market Share

Companies Mentioned (Partial List)

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:

  • Federal-Mogul (TRW)
  • Eaton
  • Mahle
  • Fuji Oozx
  • Worldwide Auto-Accessory
  • Rane
  • Dengyun Auto-parts
  • ShengChi
  • Xin Yue
  • Yangzhou Guanghui

Methodology

Loading
LOADING...