The Youth Athlete. A Practitioner's Guide to Providing Comprehensive Sports Medicine Care

Table of Contents

SECTION 1 FOUNDATION
A. Growth and Development
a. Physical Maturation:
b. Cognitive Maturation
c. Emotional Maturation
d. Hormonal Changes
e. Physical Activity and Exercise Science
f. Gender Identity

B. Sports Participation Readiness
a. Benefits and risks of physical activity and sports
b. Training (Aerobic, Anaerobic, Strength Training)
c. Pre-Participation Screening (PPE, Female Athlete Triad, REDs-CAP, Mental Health SPMA, Beck)
d. Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Sports
e. Sports Advocacy

SECTION 2 COMMON SPORTS PROBLEMS
A. Illness
a. Eyes
b. Ears and Nose
c. Maxillofacial/Dental
d. Cardiac (HCM, Arrythmia)
e. Respiratory (Asthma, Pneumothorax, URI)
f. Gastrointestinal (Spleen, Liver)
g. Renal and Genitourinary
h. Allergies and Anaphylaxis
i. Skin (Infections)
j. Environmental Related Illness (Hyperthermia, Hypothermia, Altitude Sickness)
k. Hematologic (Anemia, Sickle Cell, Mono)
l. Endocrine (Thyroid, EAH)
m. Neurologic (Epilepsy)
n. Rheumatologic (Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, SLE)
o. Chronic Medical Conditions (Diabetes, Cystic Fibrosis, Hemophilia)

B. Injuries
a. Sports Concussion
b. Cervical Injuries
c. Thoracic and Chest
d. Abdomen
e. Shoulder and Arm (Little League Shoulder, AC Sprain, Dislocation, Labral Tear, Clavicle Fracture)
f. Elbow and Forearm (LL Elbow, OCD, Fracture / Dislocation)
g. Wrist (Gymnast. Wrist, Scaphoid, Fracture, DeQuervain, Ligament, TFCC)
h. Hand and Finger (Jersey, Mallet, tendon Slip, PIP dislocation, nerve)
i. Lumbar Injuries
j. Hip (Apophysitis, SCFE, Leg-Perth, Labral, Snapping Hip, Osteitis Pubis, Muscle Strain, Hernia)
k. Thigh (Hematoma, Quad Strain, Hamstring Strain)
l. Knee (Ligament, OCD, Osgood Schlatter, SLJ, Patella, Meniscal, tendinitis)
m. Tibia (Strain, Tibia Stress Fracture, Compartment Syndrome)
n. Ankle (sprain, OCD, tendinitis, Fracture, Achilles)
o. Foot (Sprains, Tendinitis, Fractures [Navicular, 5th])

SECTION 3 SPECIAL TOPICS
A. Mental Health
a. Anxiety Disorders (anxiety, OCD, Exercise Addiction)
b. Attention Disorders (ADHD)
c. Mood Disorders (depression, suicide)
d. Other Psychiatric Disorders (Bipolar, Schizophrenia)
e. Coping with Injury (Psychological reponse to Injury, PTSD)
f. Bullying and Sexual Harassment
g. Eating Disorders (anorexia, bulimia)

B. Overuse
a. Sports Specialization
b. Bone Stress Injury
c. Female Athlete Triad
d. Relative Energy Deficits

C. Wellness
a. Mindfulness, Resilience and Performance Optimization
b. Burnout and Dropout
c. Nutrition and Hydration
d. Sleep

D. Substance Use Disorders
a. Substance Abuse (Alcohol, Recreational Drugs)
b. Performance Enhancing Substances

E. Athletes with Disabilities
a. Physical Disabilities (Amputees, CP, SCI, Hearing Impaired, Visually Impaired, spina bifida, neuromuscular disease)
b. Cognitive Disabilities (Autism, Downs, Special Olympics)

SECTION 4 SPECIFIC SPORTS
a. Baseball/Softball
b. Basketball
c. Cheerleading (Spirit)
d. Climbing
e. Crew/Rowing
f. Cross-County/Track
g. Cycling, Mountain biking, BMX
h. Dance
i. Diving
j. eSports
k. Fencing
l. Field Hockey
m. Figure Skating
n. Football
o. Golf
p. Gymnastics
q. Ice Hockey
r. Lacrosse
s. Mixed Martial Arts
t. Performing Arts (Instruments, Theater)
u. Rugby
v. Skateboarding
w. Skiing (DH, Nordic, Biathlon)/Snowboarding
x. Soccer
y. Surfing
z. Swimming

aa. Tennis
bb. Ultimate Frisbee
cc. Volleyball
dd. Wakeboarding/Water Skiing
ee. Water Polo
ff. Weightlifting
gg. Wrestling

Authors

Brian J. Krabak Clinical Professor, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Sports Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. A Clinical Professor at the University of Washington and Seattle Children's Sports Medicine, Dr. Krabak is an internationally recognized expert in pediatric and adult sports medicine, providing sports medicine care and lecturing throughout the world. His sports medicine experiences have included the Olympics (2010 Vancouver Games, 2004 Athens Games, 2002 Salt Lake Games), team physician for the USA Swimming National/Junior National Swim Teams and collegiate sports (University of Washington). He has published over 60 peer-reviewed articles and 27 book chapters relating to the field of Sports Medicine. Dr. Krabak has published several academic and non-academic books including the Long-Distance Runner's Guide to Injury Prevention and Treatment, AAOS The Sports Medicine Field Manual and Ishmael's Series (i.e., Care of the Back, Care of the Neck and Care of the Knee). M. Alison Brooks University of Wisconsin - Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. A tenured Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Dr. Brooks is an internationally recognized pediatric sports medicine expert who provides sports medicine care to recreational and competitive child, adolescent and young adult athletes. Dr. Brooks serves as a team physician for collegiate Division I Athletics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, including Men's Soccer and Women's Ice Hockey. She has served on the Board of Directors for the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) and as Chair of the Executive Committee for the American Academy of Pediatrics' Council on Sports Medicine & Fitness. Her research, clinical and policy interests include concussion, prevention of sport-related injury and illness in the youth athlete and providing equitable access to sports opportunities for all kids with the goal of lifelong participation and physical activity.