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Survey of US Higher Education Faculty 2023: Use of the Academic Library’s Virtual Reference Services

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    Report

  • 53 Pages
  • December 2022
  • Region: United States
  • Primary Research Group
  • ID: 5709767
Description Jump to:

This study looks at the incidence and volume of faculty use of virtual reference services operated by academic libraries. Survey participants describe their use of virtual reference and their extent of familiarity with it.  It also looks at the extent to which virtual reference acts as a gateway to other library services, including consultations with library subject specialists.

Data in the report is based on a survey of 725 faculty at nearly 500 higher education institutions in the United States.  Data is broken out by 12 personal and institutional variables including size, type or Carnegie class, tuition level and public/private status of the participant’s affiliated institutions, as well as personal characteristics such as academic field, tenure status, academic title, gender, income and other variables.

Just a few of this 53-page report’s many findings are that:

  • 69.24% of faculty surveyed have ever used the academic library virtual reference service.
  • Use of the virtual reference service was more common by females than by males.
  • Virtual reference opened new paths to the use of library resources especially for faculty aged 31 to 39.
  • Broken out by race or ethnicity, African American faculty were the most likely to feel that there was a library subject specialist for their field (63.04%) while Hispanic faculty were the least likely (38.46%).

Table of Contents

THE QUESTIONNAIRE

  • Characteristics of the sample
INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATIONS OF THE SURVEY PARTICIPANTS
SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS
  • Percentage Ever Using Academic Library Virtual Reference Services
  • Number of Time Virtual Reference Services Used in the Past Year
  • Availability of and Awareness of Academic Library Subject Specialists
  • Academic Library Virtual Reference as a Gateway to Broader Understanding of Library Resources

List of Tables

Table 1.1 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services?

Table 1.2 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services? Broken out by Carnegie class or type of college

Table 1.3 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services? Broken out by public or private college

Table 1.4 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services? Broken out by enrollment

Table 1.5 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services? Broken out by age of respondent

Table 1.6 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services? Broken out by political views

Table 1.7 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services? Broken out by annual income

Table 1.8 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services? Broken out by tenure status

Table 1.9 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services? Broken out by gender of respondent

Table 1.10 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services? Broken out by sexual orientation

Table 1.11 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services? Broken out by race or ethnicity

Table 1.12 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services? Broken out by academic field

Table 1.13 Have you ever used the library’s online or virtual reference services? Broken out by work title

Table 2.1 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year?

Table 2.2 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year? Broken out by Carnegie class or type of college

Table 2.3 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year? Broken out by public or private college

Table 2.4 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year? Broken out by enrollment

Table 2.5 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year? Broken out by age of respondent

Table 2.6 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year? Broken out by political views

Table 2.7 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year? Broken out by annual income

Table 2.8 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year? Broken out by tenure status

Table 2.9 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year? Broken out by gender of respondent

Table 2.10 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year? Broken out by sexual orientation

Table 2.11 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year? Broken out by race or ethnicity

Table 2.12 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year? Broken out by academic field

Table 2.13 If so, how many times have you used this service within the past year? Broken out by work title

Table 3.1 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship?

Table 3.2 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship? Broken out by Carnegie class or type of college

Table 3.3 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship? Broken out by public or private college

Table 3.4 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship? Broken out by enrollment

Table 3.5 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship? Broken out by age of respondent

Table 3.6 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship? Broken out by political views

Table 3.7 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship? Broken out by annual income

Table 3.8 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship? Broken out by tenure status

Table 3.9 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship? Broken out by gender of respondent

Table 3.10 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship? Broken out by sexual orientation

Table 3.11 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship? Broken out by race or ethnicity

Table 3.12 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship? Broken out by academic field

Table 3.13 Does your library have a subject specialist in your area of scholarship? Broken out by work title

Table 4.1 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you?

Table 4.2 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you? Broken out by Carnegie class or type of college

Table 4.3 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you? Broken out by public or private college

Table 4.4 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you? Broken out by enrollment

Table 4.5 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you? Broken out by age of respondent

Table 4.6 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you? Broken out by political views

Table 4.7 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you? Broken out by annual income

Table 4.8 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you? Broken out by tenure status

Table 4.9 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you? Broken out by gender of respondent

Table 4.10 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you? Broken out by sexual orientation

Table 4.11 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you? Broken out by race or ethnicity

Table 4.12 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you? Broken out by academic field

Table 4.13 Has the use of the library's virtual reference service introduced you to personnel or capabilities of the library which were previously not as well known to you? Broken out by work title

What capabilities would you like to see added to your academic library's virtual reference service? How can this service be improved?

Samples

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Sources / Contributors

  • A.T. Still University
  • Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College
  • Aims Community College
  • Alabama State University
  • Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine
  • Alfred State College SUNY
  • Alfred University
  • American University
  • Appalachian State University
  • Arizona State University
  • Arkansas State University
  • Arkansas State University-Mountain Home
  • Arkansas Tech University
  • Ashland University
  • Athens State University
  • Atlantic University College
  • Auburn University
  • Augusta Technical College
  • Austin Community College
  • Austin Peay State University
  • Austin Community College
  • Azusa Pacific University
  • Babson College
  • Ball State University
  • Baruch College, CUNY
  • Baylor College of Medicine
  • Baylor University
  • Belmont University
  • Beloit College
  • Bentley University
  • Bethel University
  • Bethune-Cookman University
  • Binghamton University
  • Blackhawk Technical College
  • Blinn College 
  • Boise State University
  • Bossier Parish Community College
  • Boston College
  • Boston University
  • Bowie State University
  • Bradley University
  • Brandeis University
  • Bridgewater State University
  • Brigham Young University 
  • Brigham Young University-Idaho
  • Brookdale Community College
  • Brooklyn College/CUNY
  • Brown University
  • Bucknell University
  • Bunker Hill Community College 
  • CA State University Channel Islands
  • Cal Poly Pomona
  • California College of the Arts
  • California Institute of Integral Studies
  • California Southern University
  • California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
  • California State University - Channel Islands
  • California State University - Long Beach
  • California State University - Los Angeles
  • California State University Northridge
  • California State University, Fresno
  • California State University, Los Angeles
  • California State University, Monterey Bay
  • California State University, San Bernardino
  • California State University, Sacramento
  • Campbell University
  • Carleton College
  • Carnegie Mellon University
  • Carolina University
  • Carthage College
  • Case Western Reserve University
  • Catholic University of America
  • Central Carolina Community College
  • Central Connecticut State University
  • Central Michigan University
  • Central New Mexico Community College 
  • Central Texas College
  • Cerritos College
  • Chaminade University of Honolulu
  • Champlain College
  • Chapman University
  • Charles Stewart Mott Community College
  • Chattahoochee Valley Community College
  • Christendom College
  • Christopher Newport University
  • City College of New York
  • City College San Francisco 
  • Claremont McKenna
  • Clark University
  • Clemson University
  • Coastal Carolina University
  • College of DuPage
  • College of the Holy Cross
  • Collin College
  • Colorado Mountain College
  • Colorado School of Mines
  • Colorado State University
  • Colorado State University - Pueblo
  • Columbia College
  • Columbia University
  • Columbus State University
  • Community College of Allegheny County
  • Community Colleges of Spokane
  • Concordia University, Saint Paul
  • Cornell University
  • CUNY
  • CUNY/College if Staten Island
  • Dartmouth
  • Delaware State University
  • Delta College
  • Denison University
  • DePaul University
  • DePaul University, School of Nursing
  • Dodge City Community College
  • Dominican University
  • Drake University
  • Drexel University
  • Duke University
  • Durham Technical Community College
  • East Carolina University
  • East Central College
  • East Coast Polytechnic Institute
  • East Stroudsburg University
  • East Tennessee State University
  • Eastern Illinois University
  • Eastern Mennonite University 
  • Eastern Michigan University
  • Eastern New Mexico University - Ruidoso
  • Eastern University 
  • Eastern Washington University
  • Edmonds College 
  • Elgin Community College
  • Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 
  • Emporia State University
  • Erikson Institute 
  • Fairleigh Dickinson University
  • Fashion Institute of Technology
  • Faulkner University
  • Fayetteville State University
  • Fisher College
  • Flathead Valley Community College
  • Florida Atlantic University
  • Florida international University
  • Florida Poly
  • Franklin Pierce University
  • Fresno State 
  • Gannon University
  • George Fox University
  • George Washington University
  • Georgia College & State University
  • Georgia Institute of Technology 
  • Georgia Southern University
  • Georgia Tech
  • Glazier Illustrations
  • Grambling State University
  • Grand Rapids Community College
  • Grand Valley State University
  • Grand View University
  • Green River College
  • Guilford Technical Community College
  • Gustavus Adolphus College
  • Gwinnett Technical College 
  • Hampden-Sydney College
  • Hampshire College
  • Harvard University
  • Harvard Graduate School of Education
  • Harvard Kennedy School
  • Hawaii Pacific University
  • Hawaii Pacific University 
  • Hendrix College
  • High Point University
  • Hilbert College
  • Hodges University
  • Hope College
  • Houston Community College
  • Howard University
  • Indiana State University
  • Indiana University
  • Indiana University Bloomington
  • Indiana University Maurer School of Law
  • Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
  • Indiana Wesleyan University 
  • Iowa State University
  • Ithaca College 
  • Ivy Tech Community College
  • Jacksonville State University
  • Johnny Carson School of Theatre and Film/Hixson-Lied Fine and Performing Arts
  • Johns Hopkins University
  • Johns Hopkins U-SAIS
  • Johnson University
  • Juniata College
  • Kansas State University
  • Kean University
  • Kelley School of Business, Indiana University
  • Kennesaw State University
  • Kent State University 
  • Kenyon College
  • Khalifa University
  • Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine
  • La Salle University
  • Lafayette College
  • Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine
  • Lakeview College of Nursing
  • Lawson State
  • Lehigh Carbon Community College
  • Lehigh University
  • Lehman College, CUNY
  • Lehman College, PACE university
  • Lincoln Memorial University
  • Lincoln University
  • Lipscomb University
  • Lone Star College
  • Louisiana State University
  • Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
  • Lourdes University
  • Loyola University Chicago
  • Loyola University New Orleans
  • LSU HSC 
  • Luzerne County Community College
  • Macomb County Community College
  • Maharishi International University
  • Manchester University
  • Manhattan College
  • Marian University
  • Marist College
  • Marymount University
  • Massachusetts College of Art and Design
  • McNeese State University
  • Medical College of Wisconsin
  • Merrimack College
  • Messiah University
  • Methodist University
  • Metropolitan Community College
  • Miami Dade College 
  • Miami University
  • Michigan State University
  • Michigan Technological University 
  • Middlebury College
  • Middlesex College
  • Midland College
  • Midlands Technical College
  • Midwestern University
  • Mission College - Santa Clara
  • Mississippi State University
  • Missouri State University
  • Missouri University of Science and Technology
  • Missouri Valley College
  • Missouri Western State University
  • Mitchell College
  • Mohawk Valley Community College 
  • Molloy University
  • Montclair State University 
  • Moore College of Art & Design
  • Moorpark College
  • Mt. San Antonio College
  • Nashville State Community College
  • National University
  • Naval Postgraduate School
  • NC State University
  • New England College
  • New England College-New Hampshire
  • New Hampshire Technical Institute
  • New Jersey Institute of Technology
  • New Jersey Institute of Technology Martin Tuchman School of Management
  • New Mexico State University
  • New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary
  • New York Institute of Technology
  • New York University
  • Nicolet Area Technical College, retired
  • North Carolina A&T State UNC
  • North Carolina State University
  • North Carolina Wesleyan University
  • North Central State College
  • North Dakota State University
  • Northcentral University/Webster Univ.
  • Northeastern University
  • Northern Arizona University 
  • Northern Illinois University
  • Northern Michigan University
  • Northwest Vista College
  • Northwestern University
  • Oakland University
  • Ohio University
  • Oklahoma Baptist University
  • Oklahoma State University
  • Old Dominion University
  • Online Trading Academy
  • Oregon Institute of Technology
  • Oregon State University
  • Our Lady of the Lake University
  • Pace University
  • Pasadena City College
  • Penn State
  • Penn State College of Medicine
  • Penn State Law
  • Penn State University
  • Penn West
  • Penn West University
  • Pensacola State College
  • Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine
  • Portland State University, University of Memphis
  • Pratt Institute
  • Purdue Global University
  • Regis University
  • Rhode Island College
  • Rider University 
  • Riverside City College
  • Rockhurst University
  • Rosalind Franklin University
  • Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
  • Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
  • Rowan College of South Jersey
  • Rutgers University
  • Saddleback College
  • Saint Louis University
  • Saint Mary's College of CA
  • Saint Mary's College of California
  • Salem State University
  • Sam Houston State University
  • San Diego City College
  • Santa Barbara City College
  • Scottsdale Community College
  • Scottsdale Community College 
  • Seattle Pacific University 
  • Seattle University
  • Seton Hall University
  • Siena Heights University
  • Sinclair Community College
  • Slippery Rock University
  • SMFA at Tufts University
  • Snead State Community College
  • Sonoma State University
  • Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary
  • Southern Methodist University
  • Southern Utah University 
  • Southwest TN Community College
  • Southwestern College
  • Spokane Falls Community College
  • St Mary’s College
  • St Xavier University 
  • St. Augustine Parish
  • St. Bonaventure University 
  • St. Mary's College
  • St. Thomas Aquinas College 
  • State University of New York at Buffalo
  • Stony Brook University 
  • Suffolk County Community College
  • Suffolk University
  • SUNY Erie Community College
  • SUNY Geneseo
  • SUNY Oneonta
  • Susquehanna University
  • Tarleton State University
  • Tennessee Tech
  • Texas A&M University
  • Texas Woman's University
  • The City College of New York
  • The College of New Jersey
  • The George Washington University
  • The Pennsylvania State University
  • The University of Virginia
  • The University of Alabama at Birmingham
  • The University of Alabama in Huntsville
  • The University of Tennessee
  • The University of Texas at Tyler
  • The University of Utah
  • The University of Virginia
  • The University of Virginia's College at Wise
  • The University of Alabama
  • Tidewater Community College
  • Tulane University
  • U of Cincinnati
  • UC Berkeley
  • UC Merced
  • UC Santa Barbara
  • UC School of Pharmacy
  • UNC Charlotte
  • UNC Greensboro
  • Union College
  • Univ South Florida
  • Univ west Florida 
  • University of Akron
  • University of Alabama
  • University of Arizona
  • University of Arkansas
  • University of Arkansas Fort Smith
  • University of California - Irvine
  • University of California - Merced
  • University of California - Santa Barbara
  • University of California Davis
  • University of California San Francisco 
  • University of California, Hastings
  • University of California, San Francisco
  • University of California, Santa Cruz
  • University of California-Merced
  • University of Chicago
  • University of Chicago Booth School of Business
  • University of Cincinnati 
  • University of Colorado
  • University of Colorado-Denver
  • University of Connecticut 
  • University of Connecticut School of Medicine
  • University of Findlay
  • University of Florida 
  • University of Georgia
  • University of Hartford
  • University of Hawaii
  • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  • University of Indianapolis
  • University of Iowa
  • University of Kansas
  • University of Kentucky 
  • University of Louisville
  • University of Maine at  Augusta 
  • University of Maryland-Baltimore
  • University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
  • University of Michigan
  • University of Michigan Ann Arbor
  • University of Minnesota
  • University of Mississippi
  • University of Missouri
  • University of Missouri - Kansas City
  • University of Missouri-Columbia
  • University of Nebraska
  • University of Nebraska-Lincoln
  • University of New Orleans
  • University of North Carolina at Charlotte
  • University of North Florida
  • University of North Texas
  • University of North Texas at Dallas
  • University of Northern Iowa
  • University of Northwestern Ohio 
  • University of Oklahoma
  • University of Pennsylvania
  • University of Phoenix 
  • University of Pittsburgh 
  • University of Portland
  • University of Puerto Rico
  • University of Redlands
  • University of Rochester
  • University of South Alabama
  • University of South Carolina Lancaster
  • University of South Carolina School of Journalism
  • University of Southern California
  • University of St. Francis 
  • University of St. Thomas
  • University of Tennessee, Knoxville
  • University of Texas at Tyler
  • University of Texas Medical Branch
  • University of Texas, Austin
  • University of Texas, El Paso
  • University of Utah
  • University of Washington
  • University of Wisconsin 
  • University of Wisconsin - Platteville
  • University of Wisconsin-Madison
  • University of Illinois
  • University of Oklahoma 
  • Utah Valley University
  • Vanderbilt University
  • Virginia Tech
  • Wake Forest University School of Medicine
  • Wake Tech Community College
  • Washington State University
  • Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis
  • Wayne State University
  • Weber State University
  • Webster University in Tashkent
  • Wellesley College
  • West Liberty University 
  • West Valley College
  • West Virginia University
  • Western Illinois University
  • Westfield State University
  • WGU
  • Wheaton College (MA)
  • Wichita State University
  • Willamette University
  • William Paterson University
  • Williams College
  • Worcester Polytechnic Institute
  • Wright State University

Methodology

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