Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), have the property of absorbing ultraviolet rays, and are widely used as active ingredients in cosmetics such as sunscreens. They also have many bioactive properties that make them an attractive ingredient for pharmaceuticals and functional food.
This book summarizes information about the molecular structures, activities and applications of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). It aims to be an introductory book for undergraduate and graduate students in applied sciences, or as a handbook for researchers in pharmaceutical chemistry and cosmetics.
Key features
This book summarizes information about the molecular structures, activities and applications of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). It aims to be an introductory book for undergraduate and graduate students in applied sciences, or as a handbook for researchers in pharmaceutical chemistry and cosmetics.
Key features
- 11 structured chapters covering the biochemistry of MAAs
- Introduces readers to biochemical and synthetic pathways of MAAs
- Presents information on many bioactive properties of MAAs including helioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-collagenase effects
- Simple, clear explanations for learners
- Academic and scholarly references for advanced readers
- Illustrated appendices
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids and Their Biomolecular Properties- Introduction
- Molecular Structures of Maas
- Basic Chemical Structure
- Resonance Hybrid Structures
- Factors That Affect the Molecular Structures of Maas
- Database of Maas
- Concluding Remarks
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Introduction
- Macroalgae
- Cyanobacteria
- Cyanobacteria in Which Maa Accumulation is Induced by Uv Irradiation
- Cyanobacteria in Which Maa Accumulation is Induced by Salt and Osmotic Stress ...
- Cyanobacteria in Which Maa Accumulation is Induced by Temperature Changes
- Cyanobacteria of the Genus Nostoc That Are Resistant to Drought
- Concluding Remarks
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Introdcution
- Biosynthetic Pathways of Maas
- Biosynthetic Pathway of 4-Deoxygadusol, a Precursor Compound of Maas
- Biosynthesis of 4-Dg from the Shikimate Pathway
- Discovery of Dhqs and O-Mt by Genome Mining
- Biosynthesis of 4-Dg from the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
- Biosynthetic Pathway of Maas Utilizing 4-Dg as a Precursor
- Gene Clusters for Biosynthesis of Maas in Cyanobacteria
- Maa Biosynthetic Genes in Species Other Than Cyanobacteria
- Maa Biosynthetic Genes as Gene Resources
- Substrate Specificity of Nrps/D-Ala-D-Ala Ligase
- Reguratory Mechanisms of Maa Biosynthetic Pathways
- Uv Irradiation Stress
- Salt Stress and Osmotic Stress
- Other Abiotic Factors
- Nutrient Concentration
- Temperature
- Far-Red Light
- Bottleneck Factors in Maa Synthesis
- Supply of Precursors of Maas
- Supply of Amino Acids
- Localization of Maas
- Concluding Remarks
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Introduction
- Analysis of Maas and Their Molecular Structures
- Hplc Analysis of Maas
- Methods to Determine the Molecular Structures of Maas
- Measurement of Absorption Maximum Wavelength of Maa
- Determination of Molecular Weight of Maa Molecules
- Identification of Amino Acid Residues Contained in Maa Structures by Amino Acid Analysis
- Characterization of the Molecular Structure of Maa by Nmr Analysis
- Shinorine
- Porphyra-334
- Mycosporine-2-Glycine
- Nmr Conditions
- Examples of Studies That Determined the Molecular Structures of Maas
- Preparation and Production of Maas
- Preparation of Maas
- Extractions of Maas
- Chromatographic Separation
- Practical Example
- Production of Maas
- Concluding Remarks
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Introduction
- Uv-A
- Characteristics of Uv-A and Its Effect on the Skin
- Uv-B
- Characteristics of Uv-B and Its Effect on the Skin
- Helioguard 365
- About Helioguard 365
- Properties and Activities of Helioguard 365
- Stability of Maas in Helioguard 365
- Inhibitory Effect of Helioguard 365 on Dna Damage Caused by Uv Irradiation in Human Fibroblast Cells
- Improvement of Skin Firmness, Smoothness, and Wrinkles by Helioguard 365
- Inhibitory Effect of Helioguard 365 on Lipid Peroxidation
- Enhancement Effect of Helioguard 365 on Spf Value
- Helinori
- About Helinori
- Properties and Activities of Helinori
- Stability of Helonori
- Suppression of Sunburn
- Other Activities of Helonori
- Concluding Remarks
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Introduction
- Antioxidative Activities of Maas
- Effects of Maas on the Antioxidant System
- Concluding Remarks
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Introduction
- Effects of Maas on Uv-B-Induced Inflammatory Pathway
- Concluding Remarks
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Introduction
- Anti-Glycative Properties of Maas
- Concluding Remarks
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Introduction
- Inhibitory Effects of Maas on Collagenase Activities
- Concluding Remarks
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Introduction
- Potential Metal Chelating Activities of Maas
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Introduction
- Dna Protective Properties of Maas
- Wound Healing Effects of Maas
- Anti-Cancer Effects of Maas
- Application of Maas to Horticulture
- Application of Maas as Film Materials
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Subject Index
- Contents Preface
Author
- Hakuto Kageyama
-Faris Q.B. Alenzi
