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Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory. Edition No. 4

  • Book

  • 880 Pages
  • January 2023
  • John Wiley and Sons Ltd
  • ID: 5839525
Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory

Single volume reference providing procedural information for the destruction of a wide variety of hazardous chemicals

Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory is a practical reference that describes procedures for the destruction of a comprehensive list of hazardous chemicals and provides general methods for the destruction of hazardous chemicals in the laboratory without the need for exotic reagents and equipment.

Unlike most other sources on this subject, detailed reaction parameters are provided to readers. These details will help the reader decide if a procedure will be appropriate. To further aid in reader comprehension, numerous tables throughout the book allow for ready comparison of procedures.

Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory also describes the critical aspects of various protocols (e.g., UV lamp type and rate of ozone flow).

The updated fourth edition Includes an updated survey of the literature from 2012-2021 and features data mined from 1,500 papers. It also describes recent examples of methods that are generally applicable to organic compounds and greatly expands the section on methods for the destruction of pharmaceuticals in the laboratory.

In this book, readers can expect to find detailed information on: - Specific methods for the destruction of hazardous chemicals in the laboratory, such as aflatoxins, butyllithium, complex metal hydrides, ethidium bromide, MPTP, nitrosamines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - Methods for the destruction of pharmaceuticals in the laboratory, such as those using ozone, persulfate, and potassium permanganate as well as photolytic degradation procedures - Procedures for drying organic solvents - A discussion of the issues concerning nitrosamine formation during the destruction process, particularly when sodium hypochlorite is used - A variety of indexes, including a general index, cross index of pharmaceuticals and destruction procedures, cross index of dyes and destruction procedures, and cross index of names for dyes and biological stains

Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory is of immense value to researchers in the laboratory by enabling them to quickly and efficiently get rid of residual amounts of hazardous chemicals when a series of experiments has ended. The procedures in the text can also be incorporated into laboratory protocols.

Table of Contents

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Introduction 1

Safety considerations 9

Nitrosamine Formation 12

Sodium Hypochlorite 15

Nickel-Aluminum Alloy 18

Potassium Permanganate 19

Specific Methods for the Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory 25

Acetonitrile 27

Acid Halides and Anhydrides 31

Aflatoxins 35

Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals 43

Alkali Metal Alkoxides 47

Anatoxin-A 49

Aromatic Amines 53

Arsenic 61

Azides 65

Azo and Azoxy Compounds and Tetrazenes 73

Boron Trifluoride and Inorganic Fluorides 79

Botulinum Toxins 83

Brevetoxins 87

Butyllithium 91

Calcium Carbide 95

Carbamic Acid Esters 97

Carbofuran 101

Chloromethylsilanes and Silicon Tetrachloride 103

N-Chlorosuccinimide and Chloramine-T 105

Chlorosulfonic Acid 107

Chromium(VI) 109

Citrinin 115

Complex Metal Hydrides 123

Cyanides and Cyanogen Bromide 129

Cylindrospermopsin 137

Diisopropyl Fluorophosphate 141

Dimethyl Sulfate and Related Compounds 149

Dyes and Biological Stains 161

Ethidium Bromide 195

Haloethers 203

Halogenated Compounds 207

Halogens 223

Heavy Metals 227

Hexamethylphosphoramide 233

Hydrazines 235

Hypochlorites 247

Mercury 251

2-Methylaziridine 257

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) 261

Microcystins 265

4-Nitrobiphenyl 275

3-Nitrofluoranthene and 3-Aminofluoranthene 277

Nitrogen Tetroxide 281

N-Nitroso Compounds: Nitrosamides 283

N-Nitroso Compounds: Nitrosamines 295

Ochratoxin A 307

Okadaic Acid 315

Organic nitriles 319

Osmium tetroxide 321

Palytoxin 323

Patulin 327

Peracids 333

Perchlorates 335

Peroxides and Hydroperoxides 339

Phenol 343

Phosgene 347

Phosphorus and Phosphorus Pentoxide 351

Picric Acid 355

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 357

Polycyclic Heterocyclic Hydrocarbons 367

Potassium Permanganate 381

β-Propiolactone 383

Protease Inhibitors 385

Ricin 389

Saxitoxin 393

Selenium Compounds 397

Sodium Amide 399

Sterigmatocystin 401

Sulfonyl Fluoride Enzyme Inhibitors 407

Sulfur-Containing Compounds 413

T-2 Toxin and Other Tricothecenes 419

Tetrodotoxin 425

Triacetone Triperoxide 429

Uranyl Compounds 433

Destruction of Pharmaceuticals 437

General Considerations 439

Potassium Permanganate 451

Nickel-Aluminum Alloy Reduction 467

Fenton Reaction 473

Hydrogen Peroxide 479

Ozone 481

Ferrate 497

Persulfate 505

Hydrogen Peroxide and Horseradish Peroxidase 513

Specific Degradation Procedures for ß-Lactams 515

Decontamination of Aqueous Solutions 517

Miscellaneous Chemical Degradation Procedures 523

General Considerations for Photolytic Procedures 535

Photolysis Without Added Reactants (UV Only) 537

Photolysis with Hydrogen Peroxide (UV/H2O2) 555

Photo-Fenton Reaction 573

Photolysis with Titanium Dioxide (UV/TiO2) 589

Photolysis with Zinc Oxide (UV/ZnO) 605

Photolysis with Ozone (UV/O3) 609

Photolysis with Persulfate (UV/Persulfate) 615

Photolysis with Chlorine (UV/Cl2) 631

Miscellaneous Photolytic Procedures (UV/Miscellaneous) 643

Procedures Classified by Method 649

General Considerations 651

Potassium Permanganate 655

Fenton Reaction 659

Ozone 667

Persulfate 677

Miscellaneous Procedures 683

Photolysis Without Added Reactants (UV only) 691

Photolysis with Hydrogen Peroxide (UV/H2O2) 697

Photo-Fenton Reaction 707

Photolysis with Titanium Dioxide (UV/TiO2) 715

Photolysis with Zinc Oxide (UV/ZnO) 727

Photolysis with Ozone (UV/O3) 735

Photolysis with Persulfate (UV/Persulfate) 741

Photolysis with Chlorine (UV/Cl2) 747

Biologicals 751

Appendixes 777

Appendix I: Procedures for Drying Organic Solvents 779

Appendix II: Safety Considerations With Potassium Permanganate 783

Cross-Index of Names for Dyes and Biological Stains 791

Cross-Index of Methods Used for Specific Dyes and Biological Stains 813

Cross-Index of Methods Used for Pharmaceuticals 817

Name Index 837

Authors

George Lunn NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center. Eric B. Sansone NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center.