Provides a comprehensive overview of the role of cotton in the economy and cotton production around the world
This book offers a complete look at the world’s largest fiber crop: cotton. It examines its effect on the global economy - its uses and products, harvesting and processing, as well as the major challenges and their solutions, recent trends, and modern technologies involved in worldwide production of cotton.
Cotton Production presents recent developments achieved by major cotton producing regions around the world, including China, India, USA, Pakistan, Turkey and Europe, South America, Central Asia, and Australia. In addition to origin and history, it discusses the recent advances in management practices, as well as the agronomic challenges and the solutions in the major cotton producing areas of the world. Keeping a focus on global context, the book provides sufficient details regarding the management of cotton crops. These details are not limited to the choice of cultivar, soil management, fertilizer and water management, pest control, cotton harvesting, and processing.
- The first book to cover all aspects of cotton production in a global context
- Details the role of cotton in the economy, the uses and products of cotton, and its harvesting and processing
- Discusses the current state of cotton management practices and issues within and around the world’s cotton producing areas
- Provides insight into the ways to improve cotton productivity in order to keep pace with the growing needs of an increasing population
Cotton Production is an essential book for students taking courses in agronomy and cropping systems as well as a reference for agricultural advisors, extension specialists, and professionals throughout the industry.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors xvii
1 An Introduction to Global Production Trends and Uses, History and Evolution, and Genetic and Biotechnological Improvements in Cotton 1
Khawar Jabran, Sami Ul‐Allah, Bhagirath Singh Chauhan, and Allah Bakhsh
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Global Production Trends of Cotton 2
1.3 Uses and Products of Cotton 5
1.4 History and Evolution of Cotton 5
1.5 Genetic Improvement in Cotton 8
1.6 Role of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering in Improving Cotton 11
1.7 Biotech Cotton Against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses 12
1.8 Biotech Cotton with Enhanced Resistance Against Abiotic Stress 14
1.9 Conclusions 15
References 16
2 Morphology, Physiology and Ecology of Cotton 23
Abdul Rehman and Muhammad Farooq
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Morphology of Cotton 24
2.3 Temporal Dynamics of Cotton Leaves, Canopies, and Fiber Development 32
2.4 Physiology of Defoliation in Cotton Production 32
2.5 Physiology of Insect‐Cotton Plant Interaction 33
2.6 Effect of Abiotic Stresses on Cotton Physiology 33
2.7 Agronomic Management of Cotton 37
2.8 Organic Cotton Production 38
2.9 Conclusion 39
References 39
3 Water Management in Cotton 47
Avishek Datta, Hayat Ullah, Zannatul Ferdous, Raquel Santiago-Arenas, and Ahmed Attia
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 Water Uptake in Cotton 48
3.3 Germination and Growth of Cotton in Relation to Water Availability 49
3.4 Water Management Methods 51
3.5 Drought Stress in Cotton: Impacts and Management 54
3.6 Conclusions 56
References 56
4 Nutrient Management in Cotton 61
Jingxiu Xiao and Xinhua Yin
4.1 Introduction 61
4.2 Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms in Cotton 62
4.3 Diseases and Cotton Nutrition 66
4.4 Macronutrient Management 67
4.5 Micronutrient Management 70
4.6 Drip Irrigation and Cotton Nutrients 72
4.7 Foliar Fertilization 73
4.8 Conclusion 74
References 75
5 Insect Pest Management in Cotton 85
Muhammad Razaq, Robert Mensah, and Habib‐ur‐Rehman Athar
5.1 Introduction 85
5.2 Genetically Modified Cotton: Benefits and Threats 87
5.3 Evolution of Resistance to BT Cotton and Management Strategies 88
5.4 Management of Resistance to BT Crops 89
5.5 Sucking Insect Pests 90
5.6 Impact of Genetically Modified Cotton on Sucking Insect Pests and their Management 92
5.7 Chemical Insecticide Use, Modes of Action, and Resistance 93
5.8 Modes of Action of Insecticides Used on Cotton 94
5.9 Modes of Action and Toxicity 94
5.10 Integrated Pest Management 96
5.11 Avoidance of Pests 96
5.12 Sampling and Monitoring Pest Populations for Effective IPM Programs 98
5.13 Conclusions 101
Acknowledgments 102
References 102
6 Weed Management in Cotton 109
Nadeem Iqbal, Asad M. Khan, and Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
6.1 Introduction 109
6.2 Weed Flora of Cotton 110
6.3 Impact of Weeds on Cotton 110
6.4 Herbicide‐resistant Weeds 113
6.5 Preventive Weed Management 114
6.6 Cultural Weed Management 115
6.7 Mechanical Weed Management 118
6.8 Chemical Weed Control 118
6.9 Integrated Weed Management in Cotton 121
6.10 Conclusions 122
References 122
7 Integrated Management of Major Fungal, Bacterial, Viral, and Nematode Diseases of Cotton 127
Lily L. Pereg and Tamene T. Tolessa
7.1 General Background 127
7.2 Fungal Diseases of Cotton 128
7.3 Bacterial Diseases of Cotton 138
7.4 Viral Diseases of Cotton 138
7.5 Disease Caused by Nematodes 139
7.6 An Overview of Cotton Disease Management 140
7.7 Conclusions 141
References 141
8 Seed Production, Harvesting, and Ginning of Cotton 145
Gautam Majumdar, Suman Bala Singh, and Sujeet Kumar Shukla
8.1 Basic Principles for Seed Production in Cotton 145
8.2 Harvesting 152
8.3 Ginning 161
8.4 Conclusions 171
References 172
9 Cotton Production in China 175
Mao Shuchun, Li Yabing, Wang Zhanbiao, Zhi Xiaoyu, Li Pengcheng, and Xue Huiyun
9.1 Introduction 175
9.2 The Development of Cotton Production 175
9.3 Division of Cotton‐Producing Regions and Innovation of the Cotton Farming System 177
9.4 Planting Systems 180
9.5 Cotton Varieties and Genetic Modification 180
9.6 Cotton Genetic Modification 181
9.7 Technologies for Cotton Production 182
9.8 Prospects for Further Cotton Production Development 189
9.9 Conclusion 190
References 190
10 Cotton Production in India 193
D. Blaise and K. R. Kranthi
10.1 Introduction 193
10.2 History, Importance, Area, and Production 193
10.3 Land Preparation and Planting 196
10.4 Seed Rate and Spacing 197
10.5 Cotton Based Cropping Systems 198
10.6 Major Production Constraints 199
10.7 Fertilizer Management 201
10.8 Cotton Insect Pests in India and Their Management 203
10.9 Cotton Diseases in India and Their Management 206
10.10 Cotton Weeds in India and Their Management 207
10.11 Harvesting and Yields 208
10.12 Processing and Products 209
10.13 Challenges and Opportunities 210
10.14 Conclusions 211
References 212
11 Cotton Production in the United States of America: An Overview 217
Tyson B. Raper, Cristiane Pilon, Vijay Singh, John Snider, Scott Stewart, and Seth Byrd
11.1 History, Production Areas, and Yield 217
11.2 Varieties and Genetic Improvement 219
11.3 Cotton Production Methods 223
11.4 Seedbed Preparation 223
11.5 Planting 224
11.6 Early‐Season Management 225
11.7 Mid‐Season Management 226
11.8 Pre‐Harvest 227
11.9 Harvesting 227
11.10 Crop Nutrition and Pest Management 230
11.10.1 Fertilizer 230
11.11 Weed Management 231
11.12 Insect Management 234
11.13 Major Production Constraints 234
11.14 Irrigation Scheduling 238
11.15 Conclusion 241
References 242
12 Cotton Production in Pakistan 249
Muhammad Amjad Ali, Jehanzeb Farooq, Asia Batool, Adil Zahoor, Farrukh Azeem, Abid Mahmood, and Khawar Jabran
12.1 Introduction 249
12.2 History, Importance, Area, and Production 250
12.3 Breeding Methods 258
12.4 Land Marks in History of Cotton Breeding in Punjab, Pakistan 260
12.5 Cotton Production Methods 264
12.6 Weeds of Cotton 267
12.7 Cotton Production Constraints in Pakistan 267
12.8 Challenges and Opportunities 269
12.9 Pest Management 270
12.10 Harvesting and Yields 271
12.11 Processing and Products 272
12.12 Conclusions 272
References 273
13 Cotton Production in Brazil and Other South American Countries 277
Lucia Vieira Hoffmann, Ivan Bonacic Kresic, Jorge Gabriel Paz, Diego Alberto Bela, Nydia Elisa Tcach, Fernando Mendes Lamas, and Valdinei Sofiatti
13.1 Introduction 277
13.2 History 278
13.3 Varieties and Genetic Improvement 279
13.4 Cotton‐Based Cropping Systems in Brazil and Argentina 282
13.5 Major Production Constraints 285
13.6 Challenges and Opportunities 285
13.7 Harvesting 290
13.8 Processing and Products 291
13.9 Conclusions 291
References 291
14 Cotton Production in Turkey and Europe 297
Huseyin Basal, Emine Karademir, Hatice Kubra Goren, Volkan Sezener, Mehmet Nedim Dogan, Ibrahim Gencsoylu, and Oktay Erdogan
14.1 Introduction 297
14.2 History of Cotton Production and Textile Manufacturing in Turkey 298
14.3 Cotton Production in Turkey 299
14.4 Organic Cotton Production in Turkey 300
14.5 Cotton Based Cropping Systems 302
14.6 Varieties and Genetic Improvement 302
14.7 Cotton Production Methods 304
14.8 Major Production Constraints 304
14.9 Challenges and Opportunities 305
14.10 Cotton Diseases and Control 309
14.11 Weed Control in Cotton Production in Turkey 310
14.12 Harvesting and Yield 312
14.13 Cotton Production in Europe 315
14.14 Cotton Production in Spain 316
14.15 Cotton Production in Bulgaria 316
14.16 Conclusions 316
References 317
15 Cotton Production in Central Asia 323
Mahsa Pourali Kahriz, Parisa Pourali Kahriz, and Khalid Mahmood Khawar
15.1 Introduction 323
15.2 History, Importance, Area, and Production 324
15.3 Uzbekistan 325
15.4 Cotton Based Cropping Systems 326
15.5 Varieties and Genetic Improvement: Cotton Production Methods 326
15.6 Major Production Constraints 328
15.7 Fertilizer and Pest Management 329
15.8 Processing and Products 331
15.9 Turkmenistan 332
15.10 Tajikistan 332
15.11 Kazakhstan 333
15.12 Kyrgyzstan 334
15.13 Conclusions 335
References 335
16 Cotton Production in Australia 341
Parminder Kaur, Tejinder Bhagria, Navneet Kaur Mutti, Abhimanyu Rinwa, Gulshan Mahajan, and Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
16.1 Introduction 341
16.2 History, Importance, Area, and Production 342
16.3 Varieties and Genetic Improvement 343
16.4 Production Technology 344
16.5 Row Spacing and Plant Population 345
16.6 Crop Development 346
16.7 No‐Till Planting of Cotton into Cereal Stubble 346
16.8 Growth Regulators in Cotton Production 346
16.9 Irrigation 347
16.10 Cotton‐based Cropping Systems 348
16.11 Fertilizer Management 349
16.12 Insect‐pest Management 349
16.13 Weed Management 351
16.14 Major Production Constraints 352
16.15 Challenges and Opportunities 353
16.16 Conclusions 355
References 355
17 Cotton Production in Africa 359
Khizer Amanet, Emmanuel Obianuju Chiamaka, Gabriel Willie Quansah, Muhammad Mubeen, Hafiz Umar Farid, Rida Akram, and Wajid Nasim
17.1 Introduction 359
17.2 History, Importance, Area, and Production 360
17.3 Cotton Based Cropping System in African Countries 362
17.4 Varieties and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Africa 363
17.5 Major Production Constraints in Africa 363
17.6 Challenges and Opportunities 366
17.7 Harvesting and Yields 367
17.8 Conclusion 367
References 367
18 Challenges and Opportunities in Cotton Production 371
Mahboobeh Mollaee, Ahmadreza Mobli, Navneet Kaur Mutti, Sudheesh Manalil, and Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
18.1 Introduction 371
18.2 GM Cotton 372
18.3 Conservation Agriculture in Cotton 374
18.4 Cotton Production under Salt Stress and Water Logging 375
18.5 Climate Change and Cotton Production 377
18.6 Cotton Hybrids 378
18.7 Cotton Wastes for Energy 379
18.8 Crop Modeling in Cotton 380
18.9 Organic Cotton Production 380
18.10 Conclusions 382
References 383
Index 391
