The architectural acoustic panels market size has grown steadily in recent years. It will grow from $10.02 billion in 2024 to $10.34 billion in 2025 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.3%. The growth in the historic period can be attributed to precision agriculture, cost efficiency, global population growth, efficiency and productivity gains, reduced environmental impact, demonstration of ROI.
The architectural acoustic panels market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $12.76 billion in 2029 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.4%. The growth in the forecast period can be attributed to continued labor challenges, global climate change impact, smart farming initiatives, rise in adoption of specialty crops, global food security concerns, favorable government policies. Major trends in the forecast period include autonomous harvesting machinery, advancements in robotics and ai, integration of sensor technologies, remote monitoring and control, data-driven decision making, collaborative industry partnerships.
The forecast of 5.4% growth over the next five years reflects a slight reduction of 0.1% from the previous projection. This reduction is primarily due to the impact of tariffs between the US and other countries. This may directly affect the US through disruptions in the import of sound-absorbing materials and installation systems from Europe and China, potentially leading to project delays and increased construction costs. The effect will also be felt more widely due to reciprocal tariffs and the negative effect on the global economy and trade due to increased trade tensions and restrictions.
The growth of the architectural acoustic panels market is expected to be fueled by an increase in construction activities. This rise in construction refers to a surge in building projects and infrastructure development within a specific region or country, often driven by factors such as population growth, urbanization, and economic advancement. As construction expands, so does the demand for buildings with enhanced acoustic features, especially in densely populated urban areas where noise pollution is a major concern. For example, in August 2024, the UK’s Office for National Statistics (ONS) reported a 0.4% increase in monthly construction output, largely attributed to a 1.6% rise in new projects. Consequently, the growing construction activity is boosting the architectural acoustic panels market.
The increasing noise pollution is anticipated to drive the growth of the architectural acoustic panel market in the future. Noise pollution refers to harmful or excessive levels of sound in the environment, often caused by industrial activities, transportation, and urbanization, which can negatively impact human health and overall quality of life. The rise in noise pollution is fueled by factors such as urban growth, increased traffic, industrial operations, and construction, all contributing to higher noise levels in densely populated areas. Architectural acoustic panels help mitigate this issue by absorbing sound, reducing noise, and improving comfort in various settings. For example, in July 2023, the UK Parliament reported that 40% of the population is exposed to harmful levels of road traffic noise, resulting in an estimated annual loss of 130,000 healthy life years due to noise pollution in Britain. As a result, the growing noise pollution will further boost the demand for architectural acoustic panels.
Product innovations are becoming a prominent trend in the architectural acoustic panels market. Companies in this sector are developing new product systems to maintain their competitive edge. For example, in May 2024, Zentia, a UK-based manufacturer of advanced ceiling and wall solutions, introduced the Sonify Wall Absorbers Grid System, a groundbreaking solution aimed at improving acoustic performance across various settings. The Sonify Wall Absorbers Grid System offers customizable panel sizes and shapes, allowing for flexible installation in environments like offices, schools, and auditoriums. Utilizing advanced materials, this system effectively absorbs sound while maintaining a sleek, modern aesthetic that fits seamlessly into contemporary designs. Moreover, the Sonify system is eco-friendly, made from sustainable materials, and contributes to better indoor air quality, making it an ideal choice for environmentally responsible projects.
Leading companies in the architectural acoustic panel’s domain are introducing quilted acoustic panels as a strategic product innovation to gain a competitive edge. These panels are crafted utilizing a quilted or layered approach, often featuring an outer fabric layer and inner padding or insulation materials. For example, in June 2023, MIO Culture, a US-based furnishings design company, unveiled QuiltForms, a series of sustainable acoustic design products leveraging innovative acoustic material technology. The collection encompasses ceiling baffles, modular wall panels, and curtains, broadening MIO's array of acoustic solutions. Fabricated from an acoustic-grade quilted polyester material, QuiltForms products emphasize design flexibility and enhanced performance for architects and designers. These modular components offer customizable acoustic solutions, effortlessly connecting to ceiling tracks, grids, or walls.
In July 2023, Kingspan Group plc, an Irish building materials company, completed the acquisition of Troldtekt A/S for an undisclosed sum. This strategic move allows Kingspan, a global frontrunner in insulation and building solutions, to access a technology platform focused on natural materials. This acquisition aligns with Kingspan's ambitious sustainability goals and marks its entry into the market for natural solutions, particularly within insulation applications. Troldtekt A/S, based in Denmark, specializes in the production of sustainably crafted wood-based acoustic boards.
Major companies operating in the architectural acoustic panels market include AWI Licensing LLC, BEIYANG Building Material Co. Ltd., G&S Acoustics Inc., Knauf Insulation Inc., Guangdong Liyin Acoustics Technology Co. Ltd., Star Brand Youshiji Building Materials Co. Ltd., Compagnie de Saint-Gobain S.A., Green Acoustics, Hebei Borunde Building Materials Co. Ltd., Hunter Douglas Group, Jiangsu Burgeree New Technology Materials Co. Ltd., Vicoustic, Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik SE, Fischer Profil GmbH, ArcelorMittal S.A., 3A Composites, Arconic Corp., Armacell GmbH, Kingspan Group, Trelleborg AB, Fletcher Building Ltd., Owens Corning, Paroc Group OY, Rockwool International A/S, ItalPannelli S.R.L, Johns-Manville Corporation, Ingreen Systems Corp., Armstrong World Industries Inc., Abstracta Inc., MBI Products Company.
Asia-Pacific was the largest region in the architectural acoustic panels market in 2024. Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the global architectural acoustic panels market during the forecast period. The regions covered in the architectural acoustic panels market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The countries covered in the architectural acoustic panels market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.
Note that the outlook for this market is being affected by rapid changes in trade relations and tariffs globally. The report will be updated prior to delivery to reflect the latest status, including revised forecasts and quantified impact analysis. The report’s Recommendations and Conclusions sections will be updated to give strategies for entities dealing with the fast-moving international environment.
The sharp rise in U.S. tariffs and the resulting trade tensions in spring 2025 are having a considerable impact on the construction sector, particularly in the areas of material procurement and overall project expenses. Increased duties on imported steel, aluminum, lumber, and machinery have raised costs for builders, contractors, and infrastructure developers, resulting in higher project bids and delays in execution. Manufacturers of construction equipment are also facing challenges, as tariffs on key components and raw materials are driving up production costs and compressing profit margins. Furthermore, retaliatory tariffs from major export markets have reduced demand for U.S.-made construction equipment and materials, putting additional pressure on revenue streams. In response, the sector is increasingly focusing on local sourcing, adopting modular construction methods, and diversifying supply chains to better manage rising costs and maintain project feasibility amid ongoing trade instability.
The architectural acoustic panels market research report is one of a series of new reports that provides architectural acoustic panels market statistics, including architectural acoustic panels industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a architectural acoustic panels market share, detailed architectural acoustic panels market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the architectural acoustic panels industry. This architectural acoustic panels market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.
Architectural acoustic panels are specialized products engineered to enhance interior spaces' sound quality by diminishing noise, managing sound reflections, and refining speech clarity.
The primary types of these panels include horizontal and vertical variations. The horizontal panels are specifically crafted for installation on ceilings or high sections of walls. Additionally, these panels come in various materials such as metal, plastic, and wood, distributed through direct and distribution channels. These panels cater to a wide range of end-users, including commercial, residential, and industrial sectors.
The architectural acoustic panels market consists of sales of acoustic ceiling panels, diffusers, baffles and acoustic tiles. Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.
The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).
The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.
This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.
The architectural acoustic panels market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $12.76 billion in 2029 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.4%. The growth in the forecast period can be attributed to continued labor challenges, global climate change impact, smart farming initiatives, rise in adoption of specialty crops, global food security concerns, favorable government policies. Major trends in the forecast period include autonomous harvesting machinery, advancements in robotics and ai, integration of sensor technologies, remote monitoring and control, data-driven decision making, collaborative industry partnerships.
The forecast of 5.4% growth over the next five years reflects a slight reduction of 0.1% from the previous projection. This reduction is primarily due to the impact of tariffs between the US and other countries. This may directly affect the US through disruptions in the import of sound-absorbing materials and installation systems from Europe and China, potentially leading to project delays and increased construction costs. The effect will also be felt more widely due to reciprocal tariffs and the negative effect on the global economy and trade due to increased trade tensions and restrictions.
The growth of the architectural acoustic panels market is expected to be fueled by an increase in construction activities. This rise in construction refers to a surge in building projects and infrastructure development within a specific region or country, often driven by factors such as population growth, urbanization, and economic advancement. As construction expands, so does the demand for buildings with enhanced acoustic features, especially in densely populated urban areas where noise pollution is a major concern. For example, in August 2024, the UK’s Office for National Statistics (ONS) reported a 0.4% increase in monthly construction output, largely attributed to a 1.6% rise in new projects. Consequently, the growing construction activity is boosting the architectural acoustic panels market.
The increasing noise pollution is anticipated to drive the growth of the architectural acoustic panel market in the future. Noise pollution refers to harmful or excessive levels of sound in the environment, often caused by industrial activities, transportation, and urbanization, which can negatively impact human health and overall quality of life. The rise in noise pollution is fueled by factors such as urban growth, increased traffic, industrial operations, and construction, all contributing to higher noise levels in densely populated areas. Architectural acoustic panels help mitigate this issue by absorbing sound, reducing noise, and improving comfort in various settings. For example, in July 2023, the UK Parliament reported that 40% of the population is exposed to harmful levels of road traffic noise, resulting in an estimated annual loss of 130,000 healthy life years due to noise pollution in Britain. As a result, the growing noise pollution will further boost the demand for architectural acoustic panels.
Product innovations are becoming a prominent trend in the architectural acoustic panels market. Companies in this sector are developing new product systems to maintain their competitive edge. For example, in May 2024, Zentia, a UK-based manufacturer of advanced ceiling and wall solutions, introduced the Sonify Wall Absorbers Grid System, a groundbreaking solution aimed at improving acoustic performance across various settings. The Sonify Wall Absorbers Grid System offers customizable panel sizes and shapes, allowing for flexible installation in environments like offices, schools, and auditoriums. Utilizing advanced materials, this system effectively absorbs sound while maintaining a sleek, modern aesthetic that fits seamlessly into contemporary designs. Moreover, the Sonify system is eco-friendly, made from sustainable materials, and contributes to better indoor air quality, making it an ideal choice for environmentally responsible projects.
Leading companies in the architectural acoustic panel’s domain are introducing quilted acoustic panels as a strategic product innovation to gain a competitive edge. These panels are crafted utilizing a quilted or layered approach, often featuring an outer fabric layer and inner padding or insulation materials. For example, in June 2023, MIO Culture, a US-based furnishings design company, unveiled QuiltForms, a series of sustainable acoustic design products leveraging innovative acoustic material technology. The collection encompasses ceiling baffles, modular wall panels, and curtains, broadening MIO's array of acoustic solutions. Fabricated from an acoustic-grade quilted polyester material, QuiltForms products emphasize design flexibility and enhanced performance for architects and designers. These modular components offer customizable acoustic solutions, effortlessly connecting to ceiling tracks, grids, or walls.
In July 2023, Kingspan Group plc, an Irish building materials company, completed the acquisition of Troldtekt A/S for an undisclosed sum. This strategic move allows Kingspan, a global frontrunner in insulation and building solutions, to access a technology platform focused on natural materials. This acquisition aligns with Kingspan's ambitious sustainability goals and marks its entry into the market for natural solutions, particularly within insulation applications. Troldtekt A/S, based in Denmark, specializes in the production of sustainably crafted wood-based acoustic boards.
Major companies operating in the architectural acoustic panels market include AWI Licensing LLC, BEIYANG Building Material Co. Ltd., G&S Acoustics Inc., Knauf Insulation Inc., Guangdong Liyin Acoustics Technology Co. Ltd., Star Brand Youshiji Building Materials Co. Ltd., Compagnie de Saint-Gobain S.A., Green Acoustics, Hebei Borunde Building Materials Co. Ltd., Hunter Douglas Group, Jiangsu Burgeree New Technology Materials Co. Ltd., Vicoustic, Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik SE, Fischer Profil GmbH, ArcelorMittal S.A., 3A Composites, Arconic Corp., Armacell GmbH, Kingspan Group, Trelleborg AB, Fletcher Building Ltd., Owens Corning, Paroc Group OY, Rockwool International A/S, ItalPannelli S.R.L, Johns-Manville Corporation, Ingreen Systems Corp., Armstrong World Industries Inc., Abstracta Inc., MBI Products Company.
Asia-Pacific was the largest region in the architectural acoustic panels market in 2024. Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the global architectural acoustic panels market during the forecast period. The regions covered in the architectural acoustic panels market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The countries covered in the architectural acoustic panels market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.
Note that the outlook for this market is being affected by rapid changes in trade relations and tariffs globally. The report will be updated prior to delivery to reflect the latest status, including revised forecasts and quantified impact analysis. The report’s Recommendations and Conclusions sections will be updated to give strategies for entities dealing with the fast-moving international environment.
The sharp rise in U.S. tariffs and the resulting trade tensions in spring 2025 are having a considerable impact on the construction sector, particularly in the areas of material procurement and overall project expenses. Increased duties on imported steel, aluminum, lumber, and machinery have raised costs for builders, contractors, and infrastructure developers, resulting in higher project bids and delays in execution. Manufacturers of construction equipment are also facing challenges, as tariffs on key components and raw materials are driving up production costs and compressing profit margins. Furthermore, retaliatory tariffs from major export markets have reduced demand for U.S.-made construction equipment and materials, putting additional pressure on revenue streams. In response, the sector is increasingly focusing on local sourcing, adopting modular construction methods, and diversifying supply chains to better manage rising costs and maintain project feasibility amid ongoing trade instability.
The architectural acoustic panels market research report is one of a series of new reports that provides architectural acoustic panels market statistics, including architectural acoustic panels industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a architectural acoustic panels market share, detailed architectural acoustic panels market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the architectural acoustic panels industry. This architectural acoustic panels market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.
Architectural acoustic panels are specialized products engineered to enhance interior spaces' sound quality by diminishing noise, managing sound reflections, and refining speech clarity.
The primary types of these panels include horizontal and vertical variations. The horizontal panels are specifically crafted for installation on ceilings or high sections of walls. Additionally, these panels come in various materials such as metal, plastic, and wood, distributed through direct and distribution channels. These panels cater to a wide range of end-users, including commercial, residential, and industrial sectors.
The architectural acoustic panels market consists of sales of acoustic ceiling panels, diffusers, baffles and acoustic tiles. Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.
The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).
The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.
This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary2. Architectural Acoustic Panels Market Characteristics3. Architectural Acoustic Panels Market Trends and Strategies32. Global Architectural Acoustic Panels Market Competitive Benchmarking and Dashboard33. Key Mergers and Acquisitions in the Architectural Acoustic Panels Market34. Recent Developments in the Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
4. Architectural Acoustic Panels Market - Macro Economic Scenario Including the Impact of Interest Rates, Inflation, Geopolitics, Trade Wars and Tariffs, and Covid and Recovery on the Market
5. Global Architectural Acoustic Panels Growth Analysis and Strategic Analysis Framework
6. Architectural Acoustic Panels Market Segmentation
7. Architectural Acoustic Panels Market Regional and Country Analysis
8. Asia-Pacific Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
9. China Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
10. India Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
11. Japan Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
12. Australia Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
13. Indonesia Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
14. South Korea Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
15. Western Europe Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
16. UK Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
17. Germany Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
18. France Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
19. Italy Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
20. Spain Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
21. Eastern Europe Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
22. Russia Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
23. North America Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
24. USA Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
25. Canada Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
26. South America Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
27. Brazil Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
28. Middle East Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
29. Africa Architectural Acoustic Panels Market
30. Architectural Acoustic Panels Market Competitive Landscape and Company Profiles
31. Architectural Acoustic Panels Market Other Major and Innovative Companies
35. Architectural Acoustic Panels Market High Potential Countries, Segments and Strategies
36. Appendix
Executive Summary
Architectural Acoustic Panels Global Market Report 2025 provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.This report focuses on architectural acoustic panels market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.
Reasons to Purchase:
- Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 15 geographies.
- Assess the impact of key macro factors such as geopolitical conflicts, trade policies and tariffs, post-pandemic supply chain realignment, inflation and interest rate fluctuations, and evolving regulatory landscapes.
- Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
- Identify growth segments for investment.
- Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
- Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
- Benchmark performance against key competitors.
- Suitable for supporting your internal and external presentations with reliable high quality data and analysis
- Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
- All data from the report will also be delivered in an excel dashboard format.
Description
Where is the largest and fastest growing market for architectural acoustic panels? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward, including technological disruption, regulatory shifts, and changing consumer preferences? The architectural acoustic panels market global report answers all these questions and many more.The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market’s historic and forecast market growth by geography.
- The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
- The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
- The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include the technological advancements such as AI and automation, Russia-Ukraine war, trade tariffs (government-imposed import/export duties), elevated inflation and interest rates.
- Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
- The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth.
- The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
- The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.
Scope
Markets Covered:
1) by Type: Horizontal Acoustic Panel; Vertical Acoustic Panel2) by Product Type: Metal Acoustic Panels; Plastic Acoustic Panels; Wood Acoustic Panels; Other Product Types
3) by Sales Channel: Direct Channel; Distribution Channel
4) by End-Users: Commercial; Residential; Industrial
Subsegments:
1) by Horizontal Acoustic Panel: Ceiling Panels; Wall Panels; Baffles2) by Vertical Acoustic Panel: Wall-Mounted Panels; Freestanding Panels; Room Dividers
Companies Mentioned: AWI Licensing LLC; BEIYANG Building Material Co. Ltd.; G&S Acoustics Inc.; Knauf Insulation Inc.; Guangdong Liyin Acoustics Technology Co. Ltd.; Star Brand Youshiji Building Materials Co. Ltd.; Compagnie de Saint-Gobain S.A.; Green Acoustics; Hebei Borunde Building Materials Co. Ltd.; Hunter Douglas Group; Jiangsu Burgeree New Technology Materials Co. Ltd.; Vicoustic; Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik SE; Fischer Profil GmbH; ArcelorMittal S.A.; 3A Composites; Arconic Corp.; Armacell GmbH; Kingspan Group; Trelleborg AB; Fletcher Building Ltd.; Owens Corning; Paroc Group OY; Rockwool International a/S; ItalPannelli S.R.L; Johns-Manville Corporation; Ingreen Systems Corp.; Armstrong World Industries Inc.; Abstracta Inc.; MBI Products Company
Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
Time Series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita.
Data Segmentation: Country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
Delivery Format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.
Companies Mentioned
Some of the major companies featured in this Architectural Acoustic Panels market report include:- AWI Licensing LLC
- BEIYANG Building Material Co. Ltd.
- G&S Acoustics Inc.
- Knauf Insulation Inc.
- Guangdong Liyin Acoustics Technology Co. Ltd.
- Star Brand Youshiji Building Materials Co. Ltd.
- Compagnie de Saint-Gobain S.A.
- Green Acoustics
- Hebei Borunde Building Materials Co. Ltd.
- Hunter Douglas Group
- Jiangsu Burgeree New Technology Materials Co. Ltd.
- Vicoustic
- Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik SE
- Fischer Profil GmbH
- ArcelorMittal S.A.
- 3A Composites
- Arconic Corp.
- Armacell GmbH
- Kingspan Group
- Trelleborg AB
- Fletcher Building Ltd.
- Owens Corning
- Paroc Group OY
- Rockwool International A/S
- ItalPannelli S.R.L
- Johns-Manville Corporation
- Ingreen Systems Corp.
- Armstrong World Industries Inc.
- Abstracta Inc.
- MBI Products Company
Table Information
Report Attribute | Details |
---|---|
No. of Pages | 250 |
Published | May 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025 - 2029 |
Estimated Market Value ( USD | $ 10.34 Billion |
Forecasted Market Value ( USD | $ 12.76 Billion |
Compound Annual Growth Rate | 5.4% |
Regions Covered | Global |
No. of Companies Mentioned | 31 |