+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)

Automated Border Control Global Market Report 2024

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 200 Pages
  • January 2024
  • Region: Global
  • The Business Research Company
  • ID: 5866014
The automated border control market has grown rapidly in recent years. It will grow from $1.48 billion in 2023 to $1.69 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.7%. The historical growth in this field can be attributed to several key factors. These include heightened demands for improved border security, the expansion of global travel and tourism, the pursuit of greater efficiency and time-saving measures, the integration and advancement of biometric technologies, as well as increased international collaboration aimed at enhancing border management practices.

The automated border control market is expected to see rapid growth in the next few years. It will grow to $2.79 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.3%. Anticipated growth in the forecast period is expected due to several key drivers. These encompass heightened global concerns regarding security, continual advancements in authentication technologies, the steady increase in air travel and cross-border movements, a pronounced emphasis on contactless and hygienic solutions, and government-led initiatives aimed at digital transformation in border control.

The surge in air passenger traffic is poised to drive the expansion of the automated border control market. Air passenger traffic, denoting individuals traveling on commercial airlines for various purposes, benefits from automated passport control, ensuring greater control over airport travel experiences. This enhances customer satisfaction, augments operational efficiency, and boosts staff productivity. For instance, as per the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) report in March 2023, US airlines experienced a significant upswing, carrying 194 million more passengers in 2022 than in the preceding year, an impressive 30% year-on-year increase. This amounted to 853 million passengers (unadjusted) in 2022, up from 658 million in 2021. Thus, the upsurge in air passenger traffic propels the automated border control market's growth.

The burgeoning international trade is set to propel the automated border control market's expansion. Automated border control systems aim to streamline customs and border clearance processes, critical for facilitating swift and efficient international trade. The implications of delays at borders on international trade are economically significant. As per a June 2023 report from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, trade in goods witnessed a 1.9% upswing in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the last quarter of 2022, contributing approximately $100 billion. Hence, the escalating international trade is a driving force behind the growth of the automated border control market.

The adoption of new technologies emerges as a prominent trend in the automated border control market. Key industry players are embracing new technologies to bolster their market positions. For example, Nexcom International Co. Ltd. introduced an innovative automated border control solution powered by the NDiS B561 fanless visual edge computer in February 2023. This cutting-edge technology employs reliable high-performance visible edge computing, supported by artificial intelligence (AI) and biometric identification for security screening applications. It captures and processes biometric traveler data, including facial images and fingerprints, using AI to authenticate travelers, fortifying border security, enhancing efficiency, and reducing costs.

Major companies in the automated border control market are concentrating on developing biometric solutions to optimize border control efficiency. Biometric solutions encompass technologies leveraging unique biological or behavioral traits for individual identification and authentication. Integrating biometric technologies such as facial recognition, iris scanning, and fingerprint recognition elevates identity verification and security at border control points. For instance, in August 2022, Samarkand International Airport implemented an e-gate border control system based on biometric technologies, ensuring swift and secure border crossings with minimal officer intervention. The system incorporates document readers, high-resolution video cameras for surveillance, and biometric data comparison, enhancing security measures and expediting the border crossing process.

In April 2023, Maqta Gateway LLC., an established UAE-based entity specializing in port community systems, completed the acquisition of TTEK Inc. for $26.7 million. This strategic move was aimed at broadening Maqta Gateway LLC.'s array of border control and customs solutions. By integrating border optimization management solutions from TTEK Inc., Maqta Gateway aims to augment its existing digital trade solutions portfolio, aspiring to become a prominent provider of digital trade solutions in the global market. TTEK Inc., headquartered in Vietnam, specializes in developing cutting-edge and transformative technologies for border management and deployment, specifically offering automated border control solutions and related services.

Major companies operating in the automated border control market report are Atos SE, Veridos GmbH, NEC Corporation, Gunnebo AB, Idemia Group, SITA S.A., Indra Sistemas S.A., Vision-Box, Secunet Security Networks AG, Cross Match Technologies Inc., Gemalto NV, Accenture plc, DERMALOG Identification Systems GmbH, Cognitec Systems GmbH, Thales Group, Cominfosec Inc., HID Global Corporation, Magnetic Autocontrol GmbH, Rockwell Collins Aerospace and Electronics Inc., Innovatrics, Aware Inc., MorphoTrust USA, OT-Morpho, Arjo Systems, IER SAS, Kaba Group, M2SYS Technology, Securiport LLC, X Infotech, BioID AG.

Europe was the largest region in the automated border control market in 2023. Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the automated border control market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The countries covered in the automated border control market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.

The primary categories of automated border control encompass automated border control e-gates and automated border control kiosks. Automated border control (ABC) e-gates are automated systems designed to expedite and optimize border control procedures at various entry points such as airports, seaports, and other border crossings. These systems comprise hardware, software, and associated services utilized across a range of applications including airports, land ports, and seaports to facilitate smoother border management processes.

The automated border control market research report provides automated border control market statistics, including automated border control industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with an automated border control market share, detailed automated border control market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the automated border control industry. This automated border control market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.

The automated border control market consists of revenues earned by entities by providing services such as automated passport control (APC), biometric authentication, document verification, data integration, security checks, and automated risk assessment services. The market value includes the value of related goods sold by the service provider or included within the service offering. The automated border control market also includes sales of self-service kiosks, automated gates and e-gates, biometric capture devices, document readers and validators, biometric matching and verification systems, which are used in providing automated border control services. Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is, the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.


This product will be delivered within 3-5 business days.

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary2. Automated Border Control Market Characteristics3. Automated Border Control Market Trends and Strategies
4. Automated Border Control Market - Macro Economic Scenario
4.1. Impact of High Inflation on the Market
4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact on the Market
4.3. COVID-19 Impact on the Market
5. Global Automated Border Control Market Size and Growth
5.1. Global Automated Border Control Market Drivers and Restraints
5.1.1. Drivers of the Market
5.1.2. Restraints of the Market
5.2. Global Automated Border Control Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018-2023, Value ($ Billion)
5.3. Global Automated Border Control Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023-2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)
6. Automated Border Control Market Segmentation
6.1. Global Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Services
6.2. Global Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
  • Automated Border Control E-gates
  • Automated Border Control Kiosks
6.3. Global Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
  • Airport
  • Landport
  • Seaport
7. Automated Border Control Market Regional and Country Analysis
7.1. Global Automated Border Control Market, Split by Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
7.2. Global Automated Border Control Market, Split by Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8. Asia-Pacific Automated Border Control Market
8.1. Asia-Pacific Automated Border Control Market Overview
  • Region Information, Impact of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
8.2. Asia-Pacific Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.3. Asia-Pacific Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.4. Asia-Pacific Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
9. China Automated Border Control Market
9.1. China Automated Border Control Market Overview
9.2. China Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.3. China Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.4. China Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
10. India Automated Border Control Market
10.1. India Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.2. India Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.3. India Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11. Japan Automated Border Control Market
11.1. Japan Automated Border Control Market Overview
11.2. Japan Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.3. Japan Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.4. Japan Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12. Australia Automated Border Control Market
12.1. Australia Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.2. Australia Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.3. Australia Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13. Indonesia Automated Border Control Market
13.1. Indonesia Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.2. Indonesia Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.3. Indonesia Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14. South Korea Automated Border Control Market
14.1. South Korea Automated Border Control Market Overview
14.2. South Korea Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.3. South Korea Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.4. South Korea Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15. Western Europe Automated Border Control Market
15.1. Western Europe Automated Border Control Market Overview
15.2. Western Europe Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.3. Western Europe Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.4. Western Europe Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16. UK Automated Border Control Market
16.1. UK Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.2. UK Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.3. UK Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17. Germany Automated Border Control Market
17.1. Germany Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.2. Germany Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.3. Germany Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18. France Automated Border Control Market
18.1. France Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.2. France Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.3. France Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19. Italy Automated Border Control Market
19.1. Italy Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.2. Italy Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.3. Italy Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20. Spain Automated Border Control Market
20.1. Spain Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.2. Spain Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.3. Spain Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21. Eastern Europe Automated Border Control Market
21.1. Eastern Europe Automated Border Control Market Overview
21.2. Eastern Europe Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.3. Eastern Europe Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.4. Eastern Europe Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22. Russia Automated Border Control Market
22.1. Russia Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.2. Russia Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.3. Russia Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23. North America Automated Border Control Market
23.1. North America Automated Border Control Market Overview
23.2. North America Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.3. North America Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.4. North America Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24. USA Automated Border Control Market
24.1. USA Automated Border Control Market Overview
24.2. USA Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.3. USA Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.4. USA Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25. Canada Automated Border Control Market
25.1. Canada Automated Border Control Market Overview
25.2. Canada Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.3. Canada Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.4. Canada Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26. South America Automated Border Control Market
26.1. South America Automated Border Control Market Overview
26.2. South America Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.3. South America Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.4. South America Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27. Brazil Automated Border Control Market
27.1. Brazil Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.2. Brazil Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.3. Brazil Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28. Middle East Automated Border Control Market
28.1. Middle East Automated Border Control Market Overview
28.2. Middle East Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.3. Middle East Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.4. Middle East Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29. Africa Automated Border Control Market
29.1. Africa Automated Border Control Market Overview
29.2. Africa Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Component, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.3. Africa Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.4. Africa Automated Border Control Market, Segmentation by Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
30. Automated Border Control Market Competitive Landscape and Company Profiles
30.1. Automated Border Control Market Competitive Landscape
30.2. Automated Border Control Market Company Profiles
30.2.1. Atos SE
30.2.1.1. Overview
30.2.1.2. Products and Services
30.2.1.3. Strategy
30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
30.2.2. Veridos GmbH
30.2.2.1. Overview
30.2.2.2. Products and Services
30.2.2.3. Strategy
30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
30.2.3. NEC Corporation
30.2.3.1. Overview
30.2.3.2. Products and Services
30.2.3.3. Strategy
30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
30.2.4. Gunnebo AB
30.2.4.1. Overview
30.2.4.2. Products and Services
30.2.4.3. Strategy
30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
30.2.5. Idemia Group
30.2.5.1. Overview
30.2.5.2. Products and Services
30.2.5.3. Strategy
30.2.5.4. Financial Performance
31. Global Automated Border Control Market Competitive Benchmarking32. Global Automated Border Control Market Competitive Dashboard33. Key Mergers and Acquisitions in the Automated Border Control Market
34. Automated Border Control Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis
34.1 Automated Border Control Market in 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
34.2 Automated Border Control Market in 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
34.3 Automated Border Control Market in 2028 - Growth Strategies
34.3.1 Market Trend-based Strategies
34.3.2 Competitor Strategies
35. Appendix
35.1. Abbreviations
35.2. Currencies
35.3. Historic and Forecast Inflation Rates
35.4. Research Inquiries
35.5. The Analyst
35.6. Copyright and Disclaimer

Executive Summary

This report provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.

This report focuses on automated border control market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.

Reasons to Purchase

  • Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
  • Understand how the market has been affected by the COVID-19 and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
  • Assess the Russia-Ukraine war’s impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
  • Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
  • Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
  • Identify growth segments for investment.
  • Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
  • Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
  • Benchmark performance against key competitors.
  • Suitable for supporting your internal and external presentations with reliable high quality data and analysis.
  • All data from the report will also be delivered in an excel dashboard format.

Description

Where is the largest and fastest growing market for automated border control? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? This report answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market’s historic and forecast market growth by geography.

Scope

Markets Covered:
1) By Component: Hardware; Software; Services
2) By Type: Automated Border Control E-gates; Automated Border Control Kiosks
3) By Application: Airport; Landport; Seaport

Key Companies Mentioned: Atos SE; Veridos GmbH; NEC Corporation; Gunnebo AB; Idemia Group

Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain

Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa

Time Series: Five years historic and ten years forecast

Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita

Data Segmentation: Country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments

Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes

Delivery Format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard

Companies Mentioned (Partial List)

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:

  • Atos SE
  • Veridos GmbH
  • NEC Corporation
  • Gunnebo AB
  • Idemia Group
  • SITA S.A.
  • Indra Sistemas S.A.
  • Vision-Box
  • Secunet Security Networks AG
  • Cross Match Technologies Inc.
  • Gemalto NV
  • Accenture plc
  • DERMALOG Identification Systems GmbH
  • Cognitec Systems GmbH
  • Thales Group
  • Cominfosec Inc.
  • HID Global Corporation
  • Magnetic Autocontrol GmbH
  • Rockwell Collins Aerospace and Electronics Inc.
  • Innovatrics
  • Aware Inc.
  • MorphoTrust USA
  • OT-Morpho
  • Arjo Systems
  • IER SAS
  • Kaba Group
  • M2SYS Technology
  • Securiport LLC
  • X Infotech
  • BioID AG

Methodology

Loading
LOADING...