The Global Market for Quantum Technologies (Quantum Computing, Cryptography, Communications, Sensors, Batteries) 2024-2035

2.1         First and second quantum revolutions
2.2         Current market
2.2.1      Key developments
2.3         Investment Landscape
2.4         Global government initiatives
2.5         Industry developments 2020-2024
2.6         Challenges for Quantum Technologies Adoption

3.1         What is quantum computing?
3.1.1     Operating principle
3.1.2     Classical vs quantum computing
3.1.3     Quantum computing technology
3.1.3.1  Quantum emulators
3.1.3.2  Quantum inspired computing
3.1.3.3  Quantum annealing computers
3.1.3.4  Quantum simulators
3.1.3.5  Digital quantum computers
3.1.3.6  Continuous variables quantum computers
3.1.3.7  Measurement Based Quantum Computing (MBQC)
3.1.3.8  Topological quantum computing
3.1.3.9  Quantum Accelerator
3.1.4     Competition from other technologies
3.1.5     Quantum algorithms
3.1.5.1  Quantum Software Stack
3.1.5.2  Quantum Machine Learning
3.1.5.3  Quantum Simulation
3.1.5.4  Quantum Optimization
3.1.5.5  Quantum Cryptography
3.1.5.5.1   Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
3.1.5.5.2   Post-Quantum Cryptography
3.1.6     Hardware
3.1.6.1  Qubit Technologies
3.1.6.1.1     Superconducting Qubits
3.1.6.1.1.1  Technology description
3.1.6.1.1.2   Materials
3.1.6.1.1.3   Market players
3.1.6.1.1.4   Swot analysis
3.1.6.1.2      Trapped Ion Qubits
3.1.6.1.2.1    Technology description
3.1.6.1.2.2    Materials
3.1.6.1.2.2.1  Integrating optical components
3.1.6.1.2.2.2  Incorporating high-quality mirrors and optical cavities
3.1.6.1.2.2.3  Engineering the vacuum packaging and encapsulation
3.1.6.1.2.2.4  Removal of waste heat
3.1.6.1.2.3     Market players
3.1.6.1.2.4     Swot analysis
3.1.6.1.3        Silicon Spin Qubits
3.1.6.1.3.1     Technology description
3.1.6.1.3.2     Quantum dots
3.1.6.1.3.3     Market players
3.1.6.1.3.4     SWOT analysis
3.1.6.1.4        Topological Qubits
3.1.6.1.4.1     Technology description
3.1.6.1.4.1.1   Cryogenic cooling
3.1.6.1.4.2      Market players
3.1.6.1.4.3      SWOT analysis
3.1.6.1.5         Photonic Qubits
3.1.6.1.5.1      Technology description
3.1.6.1.5.2      Market players
3.1.6.1.5.3      Swot analysis
3.1.6.1.6         Neutral atom (cold atom) qubits
3.1.6.1.6.1      Technology description
3.1.6.1.6.2      Market players
3.1.6.1.6.3      Swot analysis
3.1.6.1.7         Diamond-defect qubits
3.1.6.1.7.1      Technology description
3.1.6.1.7.2     SWOT analysis
3.1.6.1.7.3      Market players
3.1.6.1.8         Quantum annealers
3.1.6.1.8.1     Technology description
3.1.6.1.8.2     SWOT analysis
3.1.6.1.8.3     Market players
3.1.6.2 Architectural Approaches
3.1.7      Software
3.1.7.1   Technology description
3.1.7.2   Cloud-based services- QCaaS (Quantum Computing as a Service).
3.1.7.3    Market players
3.2          Market challenges
3.3          SWOT analysis
3.4          Quantum computing value chain
3.5          Markets and applications for quantum computing
3.5.1       Pharmaceuticals
3.5.1.1    Market overview
3.5.1.1.1             Drug discovery
3.5.1.1.2             Diagnostics
3.5.1.1.3             Molecular simulations
3.5.1.1.4             Genomics
3.5.1.1.5             Proteins and RNA folding
3.5.1.2   Market players
3.5.2      Chemicals
3.5.2.1   Market overview
3.5.2.2   Market players
3.5.3     Transportation
3.5.3.1   Market overview
3.5.3.2   Market players
3.5.4     Financial services
3.5.4.1   Market overview
3.5.4.2   Market players

4.1         Technology description
4.2         Applications
4.3         SWOT analysis
4.4         Market challenges
4.5         Market players

5.1         Technology description
5.1.1     Types
5.1.2     Quantum Random Numbers Generators (QRNG)
5.1.3     Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
5.1.4     Post-quantum cryptography
5.1.5     Quantum homomorphic cryptography
5.1.6     Quantum Teleportation
5.1.7     Quantum Networks
5.1.7.1  Role of Trusted Nodes and Trusted Relays
5.1.7.2  Entanglement Swapping and Optical Switches
5.1.7.3  Multiplexing quantum signals with classical channels in the O-band
5.1.7.3.1             Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and time-division multiplexing (TDM)
5.1.7.4  Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD)
5.1.7.5  Enabling global-scale quantum communication
5.1.7.6  Advanced optical fibers and interconnects
5.1.7.7  Photodetectors in quantum networks
5.1.7.7.1             Avalanche photodetectors (APDs)
5.1.7.7.2             Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs)
5.1.7.7.3             Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs)
5.1.7.8  Infrastructure requirements
5.1.7.9  SWOT analysis
5.1.8     Quantum Memory
5.1.9     Quantum Internet
5.2         Applications
5.3         SWOT analysis
5.4         Market challenges
5.5         Market players

6.1         Technology description
6.1.1     Quantum Sensing Principles
6.1.2     SWOT analysis
6.1.3     Atomic Clocks
6.1.3.1 High frequency oscillators
6.1.3.1.1             Emerging oscillators
6.1.3.2 Caesium atoms
6.1.3.3 Self-calibration
6.1.3.4 Optical atomic clocks
6.1.3.4.1             Chip-scale optical clocks
6.1.3.5 Companies
6.1.3.6 SWOT analysis
6.1.4     Quantum Magnetic Field Sensors
6.1.4.1 Introduction
6.1.4.2 Motivation for use
6.1.4.3 Market opportunity
6.1.4.4 Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (Squids)
6.1.4.4.1             Applications
6.1.4.4.2             Key players
6.1.4.4.3             SWOT analysis
6.1.4.5 Optically Pumped Magnetometers (OPMs)
6.1.4.5.1             Applications
6.1.4.5.2             Key players
6.1.4.5.3             SWOT analysis
6.1.4.6 Tunneling Magneto Resistance Sensors (TMRs)
6.1.4.6.1             Applications
6.1.4.6.2             Key players
6.1.4.6.3             SWOT analysis
6.1.4.7 Nitrogen Vacancy Centers (N-V Centers)
6.1.4.7.1             Applications
6.1.4.7.2             Key players
6.1.4.7.3             SWOT analysis
6.1.5     Quantum Gravimeters
6.1.5.1 Technology description
6.1.5.2 Applications
6.1.5.3 Key players
6.1.5.4 SWOT analysis
6.1.6     Quantum Gyroscopes
6.1.6.1 Technology description
6.1.6.1.1             Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs)
6.1.6.1.2             Atomic quantum gyroscopes
6.1.6.2 Applications
6.1.6.3 Key players
6.1.6.4 SWOT analysis
6.1.7     Quantum Image Sensors
6.1.7.1 Technology description
6.1.7.2 Applications
6.1.7.3 SWOT analysis
6.1.7.4 Key players
6.1.8     Quantum Radar
6.1.8.1 Technology description
6.1.8.2 Applications
6.1.9     Quantum chemical sensors
6.1.10   Quantum NEM and MEMs
6.1.10.1               Technology description
6.2         Market and technology challenges

7.1         Technology description
7.2         Types
7.3         Applications
7.4         SWOT analysis
7.5         Market challenges
7.6         Market players

8.1         Market map for quantum technologies
8.2         Key industry players
8.2.1     Start-ups
8.2.2     Tech Giants
8.2.3     National Initiatives
8.3         Investment funding
8.3.1     Venture Capital
8.3.2     M&A
8.3.3     Corporate Investment
8.3.4     Government Funding
8.4         Global market revenues 2018-2034
8.4.1     Quantum computing
8.4.2     Other segments
8.4.2.1 Quantum sensors
8.4.2.2 QKD systems

9.1         A* Quantum
9.2         AbaQus
9.3         Adaptive Finance Technologies
9.4         Aegiq
9.5         Agnostiq GmbH
9.6         Algorithmiq Oy
9.7         Alpine Quantum Technologies GmbH (AQT)
9.8         Alice&Bob
9.9         Aliro Quantum
9.10       Anametric, Inc.
9.11       Anyon Systems Inc.
9.12       Aqarios GmbH
9.13       Aquark Technologies
9.14       Archer Materials
9.15       Arclight Quantum
9.16       Arqit Quantum Inc.
9.17       ARQUE SystemsGmbH
9.18       Artificial Brain
9.19       Atlantic Quantum
9.20       Atom Computing
9.21       Atom Quantum Labs
9.22       Atos Quantum
9.23       Baidu, Inc.
9.24       BEIT
9.25       Bleximo
9.26       BlueQubit
9.27       Bohr Quantum Technology
9.28       BosonQ Ps
9.29       C12 Quantum Electronics
9.30       Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC)
9.31       CAS Cold Atom
9.32       CEW Systems Canada Inc.
9.33       Chiral Nano AG
9.34       ColibriTD
9.35       Classiq Technologies
9.36       Crypta Labs Ltd.
9.37       CryptoNext Security
9.38       D-Wave Systems
9.39       Dirac
9.40       Diraq
9.41       Delft Circuits
9.42       Delta g
9.43       Duality Quantum Photonics
9.44       EeroQ
9.45       eleQtron
9.46       Elyah
9.47       Entropica Labs
9.48       Equal1.labs
9.49       EvolutionQ
9.50       EYL
9.51       First Quantum, Inc.
9.52       Fujitsu
9.53       Good Chemistry
9.54       Google Quantum AI
9.55       Haiqu
9.56       Hefei Wanzheng Quantum Technology Co., Ltd.
9.57       High Q Technologies Inc.
9.58       Horizon Quantum Computing
9.59       HQS Quantum Simulations
9.60       HRL
9.61       Huayi Quantum
9.62       IBM
9.63       Icarus Quantum
9.64       Icosa Computing
9.65       ID Quantique
9.66       InfinityQ
9.67       Infineon Technologies AG
9.68       Infleqtion
9.69       Intel
9.70       IonQ
9.71       IQM Quantum Computers
9.72       JiJ
9.73       JoS QUANTUM GmbH
9.74       KEEQuant GmbH
9.75       KETS Quantum Security
9.76       Ki3 Photonics
9.77       Kipu Quantum
9.78       Kiutra GmbH
9.79       Kuano Limited
9.80       Kvantify
9.81       levelQuantum
9.82       LQUOM
9.83       Lux Quanta
9.84       Materials Nexus
9.85       Maybell Quantum Industries
9.86       memQ
9.87       Menlo Systems GmbH
9.88       Menten AI
9.89       Microsoft
9.90       Miraex
9.91       Molecular Quantum Solutions
9.92       Multiverse Computing
9.93       Nanofiber Quantum Technologies
9.94       Next Generation Quantum
9.95       Nomad Atomics
9.96       Nord Quantique
9.97       Nordic Quantum Computing Group AS
9.98       Nu Quantum
9.99       NVision
9.100    1Qbit
9.101    ORCA Computing
9.102    Orange Quantum Systems
9.103    Origin Quantum Computing Technology
9.104    Oxford Ionics
9.105    Oxford Quantum Circuits (OQC)
9.106    PacketLight Networks
9.107    ParityQC
9.108    Pasqal
9.109    Peptone
9.110    Phasecraft
9.111    Photonic, Inc.
9.112    Planqc GmbH
9.113    Planckian
9.114    Polaris Quantum Biotech (POLARISqb)
9.115    PQSecure
9.116    PQShield
9.117    ProteinQure
9.118    PsiQuantum
9.119    Q.ANT
9.120    Q* Bird
9.121    Qaisec
9.122    QBoson
9.123    Qblox
9.124    Q-CTRL
9.125    QC Design
9.126    QC Ware
9.127    QC82
9.128    Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech
9.129    QMware
9.130    Qnami
9.131    QphoX
9.132    Qrate Quantum Communications
9.133    Quantum Resistant Cryptography (QRC)
9.134    Qruise
9.135    QSIMPLUS
9.136    QSimulate
9.137    QTI s.r.l.
9.138    Quandela
9.139    Quanscient Oy
9.140    Quantagonia
9.141    QuantaMap
9.142    QuantiCor Security GmbH
9.143    Qunasys
9.144    QUANTier
9.145    Quantinuum
9.146    QuantrolOx
9.147    Quantropi
9.148    Quantum Benchmark
9.149    Quantum Bridge Technologies
9.150    Quantum Brilliance
9.151    Quantum Computing Inc.
9.152    QuantumCTek
9.153    Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc.
9.154    QuantumDiamonds GmbH
9.155    Quantum Dice
9.156    Quantum Flytrap
9.157    Quantum Generative Materials LLC
9.158    Quantum Machines
9.159    Quantum Motion Technology
9.160    Quantum Optics Jena GmbH
9.161    Quantum Source
9.162    Quantum Systems
9.163    Quantum Transistors
9.164    Quantum Xchange
9.165    QuantrolOx
9.166    Qubitekk
9.167    Qubit Pharmaceuticals
9.168    Qubrid LLC
9.169    QUDORA Technologies
9.170    QuEL, Inc.
9.171    QuEra Computing
9.172    Quintessence Labs
9.173    QuantGates
9.174    QuantWare
9.175    Quobly
9.176    Quoherent
9.177    QUDOOR
9.178    QuiX Quantum
9.179    QunaSys
9.180    QuantLR
9.181    QuantWare
9.182    Qunova Computing
9.183    Qunnect
9.184    QuSecure
9.185    Quside Technologies S.L.
9.186    Qutronix
9.187    Randaemon
9.188    Resquant
9.189    Rigetti Computing
9.190    Riverlane
9.191    Rotonium
9.192    Sandbox AQ
9.193    SaxonQ
9.194    SBQuantum
9.195    SCALINQ
9.196    Seeqc
9.197    Senko Advance Components Ltd
9.198    SemiQon Technologies Oy
9.199    Silicon Extreme
9.200    Silicon Quantum Computing
9.201    Solid State AI
9.202    softwareQ
9.203    Sparrow Quantum ApS
9.204    SpeQtral
9.205    SpinQ Technology
9.206    Stafford Computing
9.207    Strangeworks, Inc.
9.208    sureCore Ltd.
9.209    Synergy Quantum SA
9.210    Terra Quantum
9.211    ThinkQuantum
9.212    t0.technology
9.213    Tokyo Quantum Computing
9.214    Toshiba Digital Solutions
9.215    TuringQ
9.216    Universal Quantum
9.217    VeriQloud
9.218    Vexlum Oy
9.219    Wave Photonics
9.220    Welinq
9.221    Xanadu
9.222    XeedQ GmbH
9.223    Xofia
9.224    Zapata Computing
9.225    Zhongwei Daxin Technology

Table 1. First and second quantum revolutions.
Table 2. Global government initiatives in quantum technologies.
Table 3. Quantum technologies industry developments 2020-2023.
Table 4.  Applications for quantum computing
Table 5. Comparison of classical versus quantum computing.
Table 6. Key quantum mechanical phenomena utilized in quantum computing.
Table 7. Types of quantum computers.
Table 8. Comparative analysis of quantum computing with classical computing, quantum-inspired computing, and neuromorphic computing.
Table 9. Different computing paradigms beyond conventional CMOS.
Table 10. Applications of quantum algorithms.
Table 11. QML approaches.
Table 12. Coherence times for different qubit implementations.
Table 13. Superconducting qubit market players.
Table 14. Initialization, manipulation and readout for trapped ion quantum computers.
Table 15. Ion trap market players.
Table 16.  Initialization, manipulation, and readout methods for silicon-spin qubits.
Table 17. Silicon spin qubits market players.
Table 18. Initialization, manipulation and readout of topological qubits.
Table 19. Topological qubits market players.
Table 20. Pros and cons of photon qubits.
Table 21. Comparison of photon polarization and squeezed states.
Table 22. Initialization, manipulation and readout of photonic platform quantum computers.
Table 23. Photonic qubit market players.
Table 24. Initialization, manipulation and readout for neutral-atom quantum computers.
Table 25. Pros and cons of cold atoms quantum computers and simulators
Table 26. Neural atom qubit market players.
Table 27. Initialization, manipulation and readout of Diamond-Defect Spin-Based Computing.
Table 28.  Key materials for developing diamond-defect spin-based quantum computers.
Table 29. Diamond-defect qubits market players.
Table 30. Pros and cons of quantum annealers.
Table 31. Quantum annealers market players.
Table 32. Quantum computing software market players.
Table 33. Market challenges in quantum computing.
Table 34. Quantum computing value chain.
Table 35. Markets and applications for quantum computing.
Table 36. Market players in quantum technologies for pharmaceuticals.
Table 37. Market players in quantum computing for chemicals.
Table 38. Automotive applications of quantum computing,
Table 39. Market players in quantum computing for transportation.
Table 40. Market players in quantum computing for financial services
Table 41. Applications in quantum chemistry and artificial intelligence (AI).
Table 42. Market challenges in quantum chemistry and Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Table 43. Market players in quantum chemistry and AI.
Table 44. main types of quantum communications.
Table 45. QRNG applications.
Table 46. Market players in post-quantum cryptography.
Table 47. Applications in quantum communications.
Table 48. Market challenges in quantum communications.
Table 49. Market players in quantum communications.
Table 50.  Comparison between classical and quantum sensors.
Table 51. Applications in quantum sensors.
Table 52. Technology approaches for enabling quantum sensing
Table 53. Value proposition for quantum sensors.
Table 54. Key challenges and limitations of quartz crystal clocks vs. atomic clocks.
Table 55.  New modalities being researched to improve the fractional uncertainty of atomic clocks.
Table 56. Companies developing high-precision quantum time measurement
Table 57. Key players in atomic clocks.
Table 58. Comparative analysis of key performance parameters and metrics of magnetic field sensors.
Table 59. Types of magnetic field sensors.
Table 60. Market opportunity for different types of quantum magnetic field sensors.
Table 61. Applications of SQUIDs.
Table 62. Market opportunities for SQUIDs (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices).
Table 63. Key players in SQUIDs.
Table 64. Applications of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs).
Table 65. Key players in Optically Pumped Magnetometers (OPMs).
Table 66. Applications for TMR (Tunneling Magnetoresistance) sensors.
Table 67. Market players in TMR (Tunneling Magnetoresistance) sensors.
Table 68. Applications of N-V center magnetic field centers
Table 69. Key players in N-V center magnetic field sensors.
Table 70. Applications of quantum gravimeters
Table 71. Comparative table between quantum gravity sensing and some other technologies commonly used for underground mapping.
Table 72. Key players in quantum gravimeters.
Table 73. Comparison of quantum gyroscopes with MEMs gyroscopes and optical gyroscopes.
Table 74. Markets and applications for quantum gyroscopes.
Table 75. Key players in quantum gyroscopes.
Table 76. Types of quantum image sensors and their key features/.
Table 77. Applications of quantum image sensors.
Table 78. Key players in quantum image sensors.
Table 79. Comparison of quantum radar versus conventional radar and lidar technologies.
Table 80. Applications of quantum radar.
Table 81. Market and technology challenges in quantum sensing.
Table 82. Comparison between quantum batteries and other conventional battery types.
Table 83. Types of quantum batteries.
Table 84. Applications of quantum batteries.
Table 85. Market challenges in quantum batteries.
Table 86. Market players in quantum batteries.
Table 87. Quantum technologies investment funding.
Table 88. Top funded quantum technology companies.
Table 89. Global market for quantum computing-Hardware, Software & Services, 2023-2035 (billions USD).
Table 90. Markets for quantum sensors, by types, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 91. Markets for QKD systems, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).

Figure 1. Quantum computing development timeline.
Figure 2.Quantum investments 2012-2023 (millions USD).
Figure 3.  National quantum initiatives and funding.
Figure 4. An early design of an IBM 7-qubit chip based on superconducting technology.
Figure 5. Various 2D to 3D chips integration techniques into chiplets.
Figure 6. IBM Q System One quantum computer.
Figure 7. Unconventional computing approaches.
Figure 8. 53-qubit Sycamore processor.
Figure 9. Interior of IBM quantum computing system. The quantum chip is located in the small dark square at center bottom.
Figure 10. Superconducting quantum computer.
Figure 11. Superconducting quantum computer schematic.
Figure 12.  Components and materials used in a superconducting qubit.
Figure 13. SWOT analysis for superconducting quantum computers:.
Figure 14. Ion-trap quantum computer.
Figure 15. Various ways to trap ions
Figure 16.  Universal Quantum’s shuttling ion architecture in their Penning traps.
Figure 17. SWOT analysis for trapped-ion quantum computing.
Figure 18. CMOS silicon spin qubit.
Figure 19. Silicon quantum dot qubits.
Figure 20. SWOT analysis for silicon spin quantum computers.
Figure 21. SWOT analysis for topological qubits
Figure 22 . SWOT analysis for photonic quantum computers.
Figure 23. Neutral atoms (green dots) arranged in various configurations
Figure 24. SWOT analysis for neutral-atom quantum computers.
Figure 25. NV center components.
Figure 26. SWOT analysis for diamond-defect quantum computers.
Figure 27. D-Wave quantum annealer.
Figure 28. SWOT analysis for quantum annealers.
Figure 29. Quantum software development platforms.
Figure 30. SWOT analysis for quantum computing.
Figure 32. SWOT analysis for quantum chemistry and AI.
Figure 33. IDQ quantum number generators.
Figure 34. SWOT Analysis: Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC).
Figure 35. SWOT analysis for networks.
Figure 36. SWOT analysis for quantum communications.
Figure 37. SWOT analysis for quantum sensors market.
Figure 38. NIST's compact optical clock.
Figure 39. SWOT analysis for atomic clocks.
Figure 40.Principle of SQUID magnetometer.
Figure 41. SWOT analysis for SQUIDS.
Figure 42. SWOT analysis for OPMs
Figure 43. Tunneling magnetoresistance mechanism and TMR ratio formats.
Figure 44. SWOT analysis for TMR (Tunneling Magnetoresistance) sensors.
Figure 45. SWOT analysis for N-V Center Magnetic Field Sensors.
Figure 46. Quantum Gravimeter.
Figure 47. SWOT analysis for Quantum Gravimeters.
Figure 48. SWOT analysis for Quantum Gyroscopes.
Figure 49. SWOT analysis for Quantum image sensing.
Figure 50. Principle of quantum radar.
Figure 51. Illustration of a quantum radar prototype.
Figure 52. Schematic of the flow of energy (blue) from a source to a battery made up of multiple cells. (left)
Figure 53. SWOT analysis for quantum batteries.
Figure 54. Market map for quantum technologies industry.
Figure 55. Tech Giants quantum technologies activities.
Figure 56. Quantum Technology investment by sector, 2023.
Figure 57.  Quantum computing public and industry funding to mid-2023, millions USD.
Figure 58. Global market for quantum computing-Hardware, Software & Services, 2023-2035 (billions USD).
Figure 59. Markets for quantum sensors, by types, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 60. Markets for QKD systems, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 61. Archer-EPFL spin-resonance circuit.
Figure 62.  IBM Q System One quantum computer.
Figure 63. ColdQuanta Quantum Core (left), Physics Station (middle) and the atoms control chip (right).
Figure 64.  Intel Tunnel Falls 12-qubit chip.
Figure 65. IonQ's ion trap
Figure 66. 20-qubit quantum computer.
Figure 67. Maybell Big Fridge.
Figure 68. PsiQuantum’s modularized quantum computing system networks.
Figure 69. SemiQ first chip prototype.
Figure 70. Toshiba QKD Development Timeline.
Figure 71. Toshiba Quantum Key Distribution technology.