1. Research Methodology
1.1. Study Objectives
1.2. Study Scope
1.3. Research Assumptions
1.4. Research Framework
2. Introduction
2.1. Market Definition
2.2. Global Biopsy Devices Market Overview
3. Executive Summary4. Market Environment Analysis
4.1. Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis
4.2. PESTEL Analysis
4.3. SWOT Analysis
5. Market Dynamics
5.1. Drivers Analysis
5.2. Restraints Analysis
5.3. Opportunities Analysis
5.4. Threats Analysis
5.5. Trend Analysis
6. COVID-19 Impact Analysis7. Biopsy Devices Market: Product Estimates & Trend Analysis
7.1. Product Segment Opportunity Analysis
7.2. Needle-based Biopsy Guns
7.2.1. Needle-based Biopsy Guns Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.2.2. Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) Devices
7.2.2.1. Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) Devices Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.2.3. Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) Devices
7.2.3.1. Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) Devices Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.2.4. Vacuum-assisted Biopsy (VAB) Devices
7.2.4.1. Vacuum-assisted Biopsy (VAB) Devices Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.3. Biopsy Guidance Systems
7.3.1. Biopsy Guidance Systems Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.3.2. Robotic
7.3.2.1. Robotic Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.3.3. Manual
7.3.3.1. Manual Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.4. Biopsy Needles
7.4.1. Biopsy Needles Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.4.2. Reusable
7.4.2.1. Reusable Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.4.3. Disposable
7.4.3.1. Disposable Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.5. Biopsy Forceps
7.5.1. Biopsy Forceps Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.5.2. Hot Biopsy Forceps
7.5.2.1. Hot Biopsy Forceps Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.5.3. General Biopsy Forceps
7.5.3.1. General Biopsy Forceps Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.6. Others
7.6.1. Others Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.6.2. Punches
7.6.2.1. Punches Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.6.3. Curettes
7.6.3.1. Curettes Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
7.6.4. Brushes
7.6.4.1. Brushes Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
8. Biopsy Devices Market: Guidance Technique Estimates & Trend Analysis
8.1. Guidance Technique Segment Opportunity Analysis
8.2. Stereotactic-Guided Biopsy
8.2.1.1. Stereotactic-Guided Biopsy Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
8.3. Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy
8.3.1.1. Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
8.4. CT- Guided Biopsy
8.4.1.1. CT- Guided Biopsy Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
8.5. MRI-Guided Biopsy
8.5.1.1. MRI-Guided Biopsy Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
8.6. Others
8.6.1.1. Others Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
9. Biopsy Devices Market: Application Estimates & Trend Analysis
9.1. Application Segment Opportunity Analysis
9.2. Lung Biopsy
9.2.1. Lung Biopsy Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
9.3. Prostate Biopsy
9.3.1. Prostate Biopsy Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
9.4. Breast Biopsy
9.4.1. Breast Biopsy Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
9.5. Colorectal Biopsy
9.5.1. Colorectal Biopsy Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
9.6. Others
9.6.1. Others Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
10. Biopsy Devices Market: End-user Estimates & Trend Analysis
10.1. End-user Segment Opportunity Analysis
10.2. Hospitals
10.2.1. Hospitals Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
10.3. Ambulatory Surgical Centers
10.3.1. Ambulatory Surgical Centers Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
10.4. Diagnostic & Imaging Centers
10.4.1. Diagnostic & Imaging Centers Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
10.5. Others
10.5.1. Others Market Analysis & Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue, USD Bn)
11. Regional Market Analysis
11.1. Regional Market Opportunity Analysis
12. North America Biopsy Devices Market
12.1. North America Biopsy Devices Market
12.1.1. North America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.1.2. North America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.1.3. North America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.1.4. North America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.1.5. North America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.1.6. North America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.2. U.S. Global Biopsy Devices Market
12.2.1. U.S. Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.2.2. U.S. Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.2.3. U.S. Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.2.4. U.S. Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.2.5. U.S. Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.3. Canada Global Biopsy Devices Market
12.3.1. Canada Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.3.2. Canada Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.3.3. Canada Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.3.4. Canada Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
12.3.5. Canada Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13. Europe Global Biopsy Devices Market
13.1. Europe Global Biopsy Devices Market
13.1.1. Europe Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.1.2. Europe Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.1.3. Europe Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.1.4. Europe Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.1.5. Europe Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.1.6. Europe Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.2. Germany Global Biopsy Devices Market
13.2.1. Germany Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.2.2. Germany Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.2.3. Germany Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.2.4. Germany Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.2.5. Germany Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.3. UK Global Biopsy Devices Market
13.3.1. UK Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.3.2. UK Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.3.3. UK Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.3.4. UK Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.3.5. UK Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.4. France Global Biopsy Devices Market
13.4.1. France Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.4.2. France Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.4.3. France Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.4.4. France Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.4.5. France Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.5. Spain Global Biopsy Devices Market
13.5.1. Spain Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.5.2. Spain Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.5.3. Spain Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.5.4. Spain Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.5.5. Spain Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.6. Italy Global Biopsy Devices Market
13.6.1. Italy Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.6.2. Italy Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.6.3. Italy Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.6.4. Italy Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.6.5. Italy Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.7. Rest of Europe Global Biopsy Devices Market
13.7.1. Rest of Europe Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.7.2. Rest of Europe Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.7.3. Rest of Europe Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.7.4. Rest of Europe Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
13.7.5. Rest of Europe Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14. Asia Pacific Global Biopsy Devices Market
14.1. Asia Pacific Global Biopsy Devices Market
14.1.1. Asia Pacific Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.1.2. Asia Pacific Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.1.3. Asia Pacific Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.1.4. Asia Pacific Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.1.5. Asia Pacific Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.1.6. Asia Pacific Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.2. Japan Global Biopsy Devices Market
14.2.1. Japan Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.2.2. Japan Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.2.3. Japan Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.2.4. Japan Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.2.5. Japan Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.3. China Global Biopsy Devices Market
14.3.1. China Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.3.2. China Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.3.3. China Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.3.4. China Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.3.5. China Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.4. India Global Biopsy Devices Market
14.4.1. India Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.4.2. India Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.4.3. India Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.4.4. India Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.4.5. India Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.5. South Korea Global Biopsy Devices Market
14.5.1. South Korea Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.5.2. South Korea Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.5.3. South Korea Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.5.4. South Korea Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.5.5. South Korea Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.6. Australia Global Biopsy Devices Market
14.6.1. Australia Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.6.2. Australia Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.6.3. Australia Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.6.4. Australia Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.6.5. Australia Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.7. Rest of Asia Pacific Global Biopsy Devices Market
14.7.1. Rest of Asia Pacific Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.7.2. Rest of Asia Pacific Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.7.3. Rest of Asia Pacific Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.7.4. Rest of Asia Pacific Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
14.7.5. Rest of Asia Pacific Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15. Latin America Global Biopsy Devices Market
15.1. Latin America Global Biopsy Devices Market
15.1.1. Latin America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.1.2. Latin America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.1.3. Latin America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.1.4. Latin America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.1.5. Latin America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.1.6. Latin America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.2. Brazil Global Biopsy Devices Market
15.2.1. Brazil Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.2.2. Brazil Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.2.3. Brazil Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.2.4. Brazil Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.2.5. Brazil Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.3. Mexico Global Biopsy Devices Market
15.3.1. Mexico Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.3.2. Mexico Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.3.3. Mexico Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.3.4. Mexico Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.3.5. Mexico Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.4. Argentina Global Biopsy Devices Market
15.4.1. Argentina Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.4.2. Argentina Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.4.3. Argentina Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.4.4. Argentina Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.4.5. Argentina Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.5. Rest of Latin America Global Biopsy Devices Market
15.5.1. Rest of Latin America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.5.2. Rest of Latin America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.5.3. Rest of Latin America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.5.4. Rest of Latin America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
15.5.5. Rest of Latin America Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16. MEA Global Biopsy Devices Market
16.1. MEA Global Biopsy Devices Market
16.1.1. MEA Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.1.2. MEA Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.1.3. MEA Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.1.4. MEA Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.1.5. MEA Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.1.6. MEA Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.2. GCC Global Biopsy Devices Market
16.2.1. GCC Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.2.2. GCC Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.2.3. GCC Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.2.4. GCC Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.2.5. GCC Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.3. South Africa Global Biopsy Devices Market
16.3.1. South Africa Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.3.2. South Africa Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.3.3. South Africa Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.3.4. South Africa Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.3.5. South Africa Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.4. Rest of MEA Global Biopsy Devices Market
16.4.1. Rest of MEA Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.4.2. Rest of MEA Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Product, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.4.3. Rest of MEA Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Guidance Technique, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.4.4. Rest of MEA Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
16.4.5. Rest of MEA Biopsy Devices Market Size and Forecast, By End-user, 2023-2034 (Revenue USD Bn)
17. Competitor Analysis
17.1. Company Market Share Analysis, 2022
17.2. Major Recent Developments
18. Company Profiles
18.1. Cardinal Health Inc.
18.2. Argon Medical Devices
18.3. Hologic, Inc.
18.4. Cook Medical
18.5. Danaher Corporation
18.6. Boston Scientific
18.7. CONMED Corporation
18.8. Becton, Dickinson and Company
18.9. DTR Medical
18.10. Gallini Srl
18.11. INRAD, Inc.
18.12. TransMed7, LLC
18.13. Devicor Medical Products Inc.
18.14. Other Prominent Players
19. Conclusion20. Recommendations