+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)

Medical Gauze Ball Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 114 Pages
  • December 2023
  • Region: Global
  • Prof Research
  • ID: 5915419

Quick Summary:

In an industry where precision and reliability are paramount, our comprehensive market research report on the global Medical Gauze Ball market is an indispensable tool for senior executives looking to stay ahead of the curve. Offering detailed insights into market dynamics, this report is designed to guide strategic decision-making with a nuanced understanding of both historical trends and projected developments.

With targeted analysis of supply and demand fluctuations across key regions such as North America, South America, Asia & Pacific, Europe, and MEA, the report provides a granular view of the industry landscape. It captures the essence of market forces at play and identifies the pivotal role of high-profile countries in shaping the medical gauze ball sector. Additionally, the competitor segment uncovers the strategic positioning of global key players alongside emerging competitors, enabling businesses to benchmark their performance and refine their competitive strategies.

From hospitals to clinics, our report delves into various applications of Medical Gauze Ball, examining sterile and non-sterile sponges within the context of evolving healthcare practices. Key company profiles inclusive of SWOT Analysis, sales volumes, and market share data, lay the groundwork for informed decision-making and strategic planning.

This report describes the global market size of Medical Gauze Ball from 2018 to 2022 and its CAGR from 2018 to 2022, and also forecasts its market size to the end of 2028 and its CAGR from 2023 to 2028.

For the geography segment, regional supply, demand, major players, price is presented from 2018 to 2028. This report cover following regions:

  • North America
  • South America
  • Asia & Pacific
  • Europe
  • MEA
The key countries for each region are also included such as the United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.

For the competitor segment, the report includes global key players of Medical Gauze Ball as well as some small players. The information for each competitor include:

  • Company Profile
  • Main Business Information
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
  • Market Share

Applications Segment:

  • Hospitals
  • Clinics
  • Other

Types Segment:

  • Sterile Sponges
  • Non-sterile Sponges

Companies Covered:

  • Smith and Nephew
  • 3M
  • M?lnlycke Health Care
  • Johnson and Johnson
  • Medtronic
  • DYNAREX
  • Medline Industries
  • BSN medical
  • Paul Hartmann AG
  • Baxter Healthcare
Base Year: 2023
Historical Data: from 2018 to 2022
Forecast Data: from 2023 to 2028


This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Executive SummaryChapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
3.1 Research Scope
3.2 Research Sources
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions
3.3 Research Method
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Classification/Types
4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Drivers
5.3 Restraints
5.4 Opportunities
5.5 Threats
5.6 COVID-19 Impact
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
6.2 Medical Gauze Ball Analysis
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
7.1 Latest News
7.2 Merger and Acquisition
7.3 Planned/Future Project
7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
8.1 Export of Medical Gauze Ball by Region
8.2 Import of Medical Gauze Ball by Region
8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Forecast Medical Gauze Ball Market in North America (2018-2028)
9.1 Medical Gauze Ball Market Size
9.2 Medical Gauze Ball Demand by End Use
9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
9.5 Key Countries Analysis
9.5.1 United States
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Forecast Medical Gauze Ball Market in South America (2018-2028)
10.1 Medical Gauze Ball Market Size
10.2 Medical Gauze Ball Demand by End Use
10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
10.5 Key Countries Analysis
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Forecast Medical Gauze Ball Market in Asia & Pacific (2018-2028)
11.1 Medical Gauze Ball Market Size
11.2 Medical Gauze Ball Demand by End Use
11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
11.5 Key Countries Analysis
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 Southeast Asia
11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Forecast Medical Gauze Ball Market in Europe (2018-2028)
12.1 Medical Gauze Ball Market Size
12.2 Medical Gauze Ball Demand by End Use
12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
12.5 Key Countries Analysis
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 United Kingdom
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Forecast Medical Gauze Ball Market in MEA (2018-2028)
13.1 Medical Gauze Ball Market Size
13.2 Medical Gauze Ball Demand by End Use
13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
13.5 Key Countries Analysis
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
13.5.5 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary For Global Medical Gauze Ball Market (2018-2023)
14.1 Medical Gauze Ball Market Size
14.2 Medical Gauze Ball Demand by End Use
14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Medical Gauze Ball Market Size Forecast
15.2 Medical Gauze Ball Demand Forecast
15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
16.1 Smith and Nephew
16.1.1 Company Profile
16.1.2 Main Business and Medical Gauze Ball Information
16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Smith and Nephew
16.1.4 Smith and Nephew Medical Gauze Ball Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.2 3M
16.2.1 Company Profile
16.2.2 Main Business and Medical Gauze Ball Information
16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of 3M
16.2.4 3M Medical Gauze Ball Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.3 M?lnlycke Health Care
16.3.1 Company Profile
16.3.2 Main Business and Medical Gauze Ball Information
16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of M?lnlycke Health Care
16.3.4 M?lnlycke Health Care Medical Gauze Ball Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.4 Johnson and Johnson
16.4.1 Company Profile
16.4.2 Main Business and Medical Gauze Ball Information
16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of Johnson and Johnson
16.4.4 Johnson and Johnson Medical Gauze Ball Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.5 Medtronic
16.5.1 Company Profile
16.5.2 Main Business and Medical Gauze Ball Information
16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of Medtronic
16.5.4 Medtronic Medical Gauze Ball Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.6 DYNAREX
16.6.1 Company Profile
16.6.2 Main Business and Medical Gauze Ball Information
16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of DYNAREX
16.6.4 DYNAREX Medical Gauze Ball Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.7 Medline Industries
16.7.1 Company Profile
16.7.2 Main Business and Medical Gauze Ball Information
16.7.3 SWOT Analysis of Medline Industries
16.7.4 Medline Industries Medical Gauze Ball Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.8 BSN medical
16.8.1 Company Profile
16.8.2 Main Business and Medical Gauze Ball Information
16.8.3 SWOT Analysis of BSN medical
16.8.4 BSN medical Medical Gauze Ball Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.9 Paul Hartmann AG
16.9.1 Company Profile
16.9.2 Main Business and Medical Gauze Ball Information
16.9.3 SWOT Analysis of Paul Hartmann AG
16.9.4 Paul Hartmann AG Medical Gauze Ball Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.10 Baxter Healthcare
16.10.1 Company Profile
16.10.2 Main Business and Medical Gauze Ball Information
16.10.3 SWOT Analysis of Baxter Healthcare
16.10.4 Baxter Healthcare Medical Gauze Ball Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
List of Tables and Figures
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Medical Gauze Ball Report
Table Data Sources of Medical Gauze Ball Report
Table Major Assumptions of Medical Gauze Ball Report
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Medical Gauze Ball Picture
Table Medical Gauze Ball Classification
Table Medical Gauze Ball Applications List
Table Drivers of Medical Gauze Ball Market
Table Restraints of Medical Gauze Ball Market
Table Opportunities of Medical Gauze Ball Market
Table Threats of Medical Gauze Ball Market
Table COVID-19 Impact For Medical Gauze Ball Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Medical Gauze Ball
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Medical Gauze Ball
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Medical Gauze Ball Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Medical Gauze Ball Market
Table Policy of Medical Gauze Ball Market
Table 2018-2028 Regional Export of Medical Gauze Ball
Table 2018-2028 Regional Import of Medical Gauze Ball
Table 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2018-2028 North America Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 North America Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 North America Medical Gauze Ball Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 North America Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 North America Medical Gauze Ball Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 North America Medical Gauze Ball Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 North America Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 North America Medical Gauze Ball Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 United States Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United States Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South America Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 South America Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 South America Medical Gauze Ball Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 South America Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 South America Medical Gauze Ball Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 South America Medical Gauze Ball Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 South America Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 South America Medical Gauze Ball Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Medical Gauze Ball Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Medical Gauze Ball Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Medical Gauze Ball Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Medical Gauze Ball Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 China Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 China Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 India Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 India Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Medical Gauze Ball Market Size List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Medical Gauze Ball Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Medical Gauze Ball Import List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Medical Gauze Ball Export List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Medical Gauze Ball Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Europe Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Europe Medical Gauze Ball Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Europe Medical Gauze Ball Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Europe Medical Gauze Ball Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Germany Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Germany Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 France Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 France Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Medical Gauze Ball Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 MEA Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 MEA Medical Gauze Ball Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 MEA Medical Gauze Ball Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 MEA Medical Gauze Ball Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Medical Gauze Ball Import & Export List
Table 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Size List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Volume List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Key Vendors Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Key Vendors Sales Share List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Volume and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Key Vendors Revenue List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Key Vendors Revenue Share List
Table 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Global Medical Gauze Ball Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Regional Medical Gauze Ball Price List
Table 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Size List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Volume List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Key Vendors Sales List
Table 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Key Vendors Sales Share List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Volume and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Key Vendors Revenue List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Market Size and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Key Vendors Revenue Share List
Table 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Demand List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Global Medical Gauze Ball Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Medical Gauze Ball Regional Price List
Table Smith and Nephew Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Smith and Nephew
Table 2018-2023 Smith and Nephew Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Smith and Nephew Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Smith and Nephew Medical Gauze Ball Market Share
Table 3M Information
Table SWOT Analysis of 3M
Table 2018-2023 3M Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 3M Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 3M Medical Gauze Ball Market Share
Table M?lnlycke Health Care Information
Table SWOT Analysis of M?lnlycke Health Care
Table 2018-2023 M?lnlycke Health Care Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 M?lnlycke Health Care Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 M?lnlycke Health Care Medical Gauze Ball Market Share
Table Johnson and Johnson Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Johnson and Johnson
Table 2018-2023 Johnson and Johnson Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Johnson and Johnson Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Johnson and Johnson Medical Gauze Ball Market Share
Table Medtronic Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Medtronic
Table 2018-2023 Medtronic Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Medtronic Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Medtronic Medical Gauze Ball Market Share
Table DYNAREX Information
Table SWOT Analysis of DYNAREX
Table 2018-2023 DYNAREX Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 DYNAREX Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 DYNAREX Medical Gauze Ball Market Share
Table Medline Industries Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Medline Industries
Table 2018-2023 Medline Industries Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Medline Industries Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Medline Industries Medical Gauze Ball Market Share
Table BSN medical Information
Table SWOT Analysis of BSN medical
Table 2018-2023 BSN medical Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 BSN medical Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 BSN medical Medical Gauze Ball Market Share
Table Paul Hartmann AG Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Paul Hartmann AG
Table 2018-2023 Paul Hartmann AG Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Paul Hartmann AG Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Paul Hartmann AG Medical Gauze Ball Market Share
Table Baxter Healthcare Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Baxter Healthcare
Table 2018-2023 Baxter Healthcare Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Baxter Healthcare Medical Gauze Ball Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Baxter Healthcare Medical Gauze Ball Market Share

Companies Mentioned (Partial List)

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:

  • Smith and Nephew
  • 3M
  • M?lnlycke Health Care
  • Johnson and Johnson
  • Medtronic
  • DYNAREX
  • Medline Industries
  • BSN medical
  • Paul Hartmann AG
  • Baxter Healthcare

Methodology

Loading
LOADING...