Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 2-Volume Set. Edition No. 22

Table of Contents

PART I

The Field of Pediatrics

1 Overview Of Pediatrics

2 Child Health Disparities

3 Global Child Health

4 Quality And Value In Healthcare For Children

5 Safety In Healthcare For Children

6 Ethics In Pediatric Care

7 Pediatric Palliative Care

8 Domestic And International Adoption

9 Foster And Kinship Care

10 Medical Evaluation Of The Foreign-Born Child

11 Cultural Issues In Pediatric Care

12 Maximizing Children'S Health: Screening, Anticipatory Guidance, And Counseling

13 Injury Control

14 Impact Of Violence On Children

15 Child Trafficking For Sex And Labor

16 Abused And Neglected Children

17 Strategies For Health Behavior Change

PART II

Growth, Development, and Behavior

18 Developmental And Behavioral Theories

19 Positive Parenting And Support

20 Assessment Of Fetal Growth And Development

21 The Newborn

22 The First Year

23 The Second Year

24 The Preschool Years

25 Middle Childhood

26 Adolescence

27 Assessment Of Growth

28 Developmental And Behavioral Surveillance And Screening

29 Childcare

30 Loss, Separation, And Bereavement

31 Sleep Medicine

PART III

Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders

32 Psychosocial Assessment And Interviewing

33 Psychopharmacology

34 Psychotherapy And Psychiatric Hospitalization

35 Somatic Symptom And Related Disorders

36 Rumination And Pica

37 Motor Disorders And Habits

38 Anxiety Disorders

39 Mood Disorders

40 Suicide And Attempted Suicide

41 Eating Disorders

42 Disruptive, Impulse-Control, And Conduct Disorders

43 Tantrums And Breath-Holding Spells

44 Lying, Stealing, And Truancy

45 Aggression

46 Self-Injurious Behavior

47 Childhood Psychoses

PART IV

Learning and Developmental Disorders

48 Neurodevelopmental And Executive Function And Dysfunction

49 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

50 Dyslexia

51 Math And Writing Disabilities

52 Language Development And Communication Disorders

53 Developmental Delay And Intellectual Disability

54 Autism Spectrum Disorder

PART V

Nutrition

55 Nutritional Requirements

56 Feeding Healthy Infants, Children, And Adolescents

57 Nutrition, Food Security, And Health

58 Refeeding Syndrome

59 Malnutrition

60 Overweight And Obesity

61 Vitamin A Deficiencies And Excess

62 Vitamin B Complex Deficiencies And Excess

63 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency And Excess

64 Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets) And Excess

65 Vitamin E Deficiency

66 Vitamin K Deficiency

67 Micronutrient Mineral Deficiencies

PART VI

Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders

68 Electrolyte And Acid-Base Disorders

69 Maintenance And Replacement Therapy

70 Deficit Therapy

71 Fluid And Electrolyte Treatment Of Specific Disorders

PART VII

Pediatric Drug Therapy

72 Pediatric Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, And Pharmacoproteomics

73 Principles Of Drug Therapy

74 Anesthesia And Perioperative Care

75 Procedural Sedation

76 Pediatric Pain Management

77 Poisoning

78 Complementary Therapies And Integrative Medicine

PART VIII

Emergency Medicine and Critical Care

79 Emergency Medical Services For Children

80 Triage Of The Acutely Ill Child

81 Pediatric Emergencies And Resuscitation

82 Acute Care Of Multiple Trauma

83 Spinal Cord Injuries In Children

84 Care Of Abrasions And Minor Lacerations

85 Neurologic Emergencies And Stabilization

86 Brain Death

87 Syncope

88 Shock

89 Respiratory Distress And Failure

90 Altitude-Associated Illness In Children (Acute Mountain Sickness)

91 Drowning And Submersion Injury

92 Burn Injuries

93 Cold Injuries

PART IX

Human Genetics

94 Integration Of Genetics Into Pediatric Practice

95 The Genetic Approach In Pediatric Medicine

96 The Human Genome

97 Patterns Of Genetic Transmission

98 Cytogenetics

99 Genetics Of Common Disorders

100 Epigenome-Wide Association Studies And Disease

101 Genetic Approaches To Rare And Undiagnosed Diseases

PART X

Metabolic Disorders

102 An Approach To Inborn Errors Of Metabolism

103 Defects In Metabolism Of Amino Acids

104 Defects In Metabolism Of Lipids

105 Defects In Metabolism Of Carbohydrates

106 Mitochondrial Disease Diagnosis

107 Mucopolysaccharidoses

108 Disorders Of Purine And Pyrimidine Metabolism

109 Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (Progeria)

110 The Porphyrias

111 Hypoglycemia

PART XI

The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant

112 Overview Of Mortality And Morbidity

113 The Newborn Infant

114 High-Risk Pregnancies

115 The Fetus

116 Fetal Intervention And Surgery

117 The High-Risk Infant

118 Transport Of The Critically Ill Newborn

119 Clinical Manifestations Of Diseases In The Newborn Period

120 Nervous System Disorders

121 Neonatal Resuscitation And Delivery Room Emergencies

122 Respiratory Tract Disorders

123 Digestive System Disorders

124 Blood Disorders

125 The Umbilicus

126 Abstinence Syndromes

127 The Endocrine System

128 Dysmorphology

129 Epidemiology Of Infections

130 Healthcare-Acquired Infections

131 Congenital And Perinatal Infections

PART XII

Adolescent Medicine

132 Adolescent Physical And Social Development

133 Gender And Sexual Identity

134 Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual Adolescents

135 Transgender Care

136 The Epidemiology Of Adolescent Health Problems

137 Delivery Of Health Care To Adolescents

138 Transitioning To Adult Care

139 Violent Behavior

140 Substance Abuse

141 The Breast

142 Menstrual Problems

143 Contraception

144 Adolescent Pregnancy

145 Adolescent Sexual Assault

146 Sexually Transmitted Infections

147 Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions

PART XIII

Immunology

Section 1 EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

148 Evaluation Of Suspected Immunodeficiency

Section 2 THE T-, B-, AND NK-CELL SYSTEMS

149 Lymphocyte Development And Function

150 Primary Defects Of Antibody Production

151 Primary Defects Of Cellular Immunity

152 Immunodeficiencies Affecting Multiple Cell Types

Section 3 THE PHAGOCYTIC SYSTEM

153 Neutrophils

154 Monocytes, Macrophages, And Dendritic Cells

155 Eosinophils

156 Disorders Of Phagocyte Function

157 Leukopenia

158 Leukocytosis

Section 4 THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

159 Complement Components And Pathways

160 Disorders Of The Complement System

Section 5 HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

161 Principles And Clinical Indications Of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

162 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation From Alternative Sources And Donors

163 Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Rejection, And Venoocclusive Disease

164 Infectious Complications Of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

165 Late Effects Of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

PART XIV

Allergic Disorders

166 Allergy And The Immunologic Basis Of Atopic Disease

167 Diagnosis Of Allergic Disease

168 Allergic Rhinitis

169 Childhood Asthma

170 Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)

171 Insect Allergy

172 Ocular Allergies

173 Urticaria (Hives) And Angioedema

174 Anaphylaxis

175 Serum Sickness

176 Food Allergy And Adverse Reactions To Foods

177 Adverse Reactions To Drugs

PART XV

Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood (Connective Tissue Disease, Collagen Vascular Diseases)

178 Evaluation Of Suspected Rheumatic Disease

179 Treatment Of Rheumatic Diseases

180 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

181 Ankylosing Spondylitis And Other Spondyloarthritides

182 Reactive And Postinfectious Arthritis

183 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

184 Juvenile Dermatomyositis

185 Scleroderma And Raynaud Phenomenon

186 Beh�et Disease

187 Sj�gren Syndrome

188 Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes And Other Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases

189 Amyloidosis

190 Sarcoidosis

191 Kawasaki Disease

192 Vasculitis Syndromes

193 Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes

194 Miscellaneous Conditions Associated With Arthritis

PART XVI

Infectious Diseases

Section 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

195 Diagnostic Microbiology

196 The Microbiome And Pediatric Health

Section 2 PREVENTIVE MEASURES

197 Immunization Practices

198 Infection Prevention And Control

199 Childcare And Communicable Diseases

200 Health Advice For Children Traveling Internationally

201 Fever

202 Fever Without A Focus In The Neonate And Young Infant

203 Fever In The Older Child

204 Fever Of Unknown Origin

205 Infections In Immunocompromised Persons

206 Infection Associated With Medical Devices

Section 3 ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY

207 Principles Of Antibacterial Therapy

Section 4 GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL

Section 4 GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

208 Staphylococcus

209 Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)

210 Group A Streptococcus

211 Group B Streptococcus

212 Non-Group A Or B Streptococci

213 Enterococcus

214 Diphtheria (Corynebacterium Diphtheriae)

215 Listeria Monocytogenes

216 Actinomyces

217 Nocardia

Section 5 GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL

Section 5 GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

218 Neisseria Meningitidis (Meningococcus)

219 Neisseria Gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)

220 Kingella Kingae

221 Haemophilus Influenzae

222 Chancroid (Haemophilus Ducreyi)

223 Moraxella Catarrhalis

224 Pertussis (Bordetella Pertussis And Bordetella Parapertussis)

225 Salmonella

226 Shigella

227 Escherichia Coli

228 Cholera

229 Campylobacter

230 Yersinia

231 Aeromonas And Plesiomonas

232 Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, And Stenotrophomonas

233 Tularemia (Francisella Tularensis)

234 Brucella

235 Legionella

236 Bartonella

Section 6 ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL

Section 6 ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

237 Botulism (Clostridium Botulinum)

238 Tetanus (Clostridium Tetani)

239 Clostridium Difficile Infection

240 Other Anaerobic Infections

Section 7 MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS

241 Principles Of Antimycobacterial Therapy

242 Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis)

243 Hansen Disease (Mycobacterium Leprae)

244 Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Section 8 SPIROCHETAL INFECTIONS

245 Syphilis (Treponema Pallidum)

246 Nonvenereal Treponemal Infections

247 Leptospira

248 Relapsing Fever (Borrelia)

249 Lyme Disease (Borrelia Burgdorferi)

Section 9 MYCOPLASMAL INFECTIONS

250 Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

251 Genital Mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma Hominis, Mycoplasma Genitalium, And Ureaplasma Urealyticum)

Section 10 CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS

252 Chlamydia Pneumoniae

253 Chlamydia Trachomatis

254 Psittacosis (Chlamydia Psittaci)

Section 11 RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS

255 Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses

256 Scrub Typhus (Orientia Tsutsugamushi)

257 Typhus Group Rickettsioses

258 Ehrlichiosis And Anaplasmosis

259 Q Fever (Coxiella Burnetii)

Section 12 FUNGAL INFECTIONS

260 Principles Of Antifungal Therapy

261 Candida

262 Cryptococcus Neoformans And Cryptococcus Gattii

263 Malassezia

264 Aspergillus

265 Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma Capsulatum)

266 Blastomycosis (Blastomyces Dermatitidis And Blastomyces Gilchristii)

267 Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides Species)

268 Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis

269 Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix Schenckii)

270 Mucormycosis

271 Pneumocystis Jirovecii

Section 13 VIRAL INFECTIONS

272 Principles Of Antiviral Therapy

273 Measles

274 Rubella

275 Mumps

276 Polioviruses

277 Nonpolio Enteroviruses

278 Parvoviruses

279 Herpes Simplex Virus

280 Varicella-Zoster Virus

281 Epstein-Barr Virus

282 Cytomegalovirus

283 Roseola (Human Herpesviruses 6 And 7)

284 Human Herpesvirus 8

285 Influenza Viruses

286 Parainfluenza Viruses

287 Respiratory Syncytial Virus

288 Human Metapneumovirus

289 Adenoviruses

290 Rhinoviruses

291 Coronaviruses

292 Rotaviruses, Caliciviruses, And Astroviruses

293 Human Papillomaviruses

294 Arboviral Infections

295 Dengue Fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, And Severe Dengue

296 Yellow Fever

297 Ebola And Other Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

298 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

299 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

300 Rabies

301 Polyomaviruses

302 Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

303 Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses (1 And 2)

304 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies

Section 14 ANTIPARASITIC THERAPY

305 Principles Of Antiparasitic Therapy

Section 15 PROTOZOAN DISEASES

306 Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

307 Amebiasis

308 Giardiasis And Balantidiasis

309 Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora, Cyclospora, And Microsporidia

310 Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas Vaginalis)

311 Leishmaniasis (Leishmania)

312 African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness; Trypanosoma Brucei Complex)

313 American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease; Trypanosoma Cruzi)

314 Malaria (Plasmodium)

315 Babesiosis (Babesia)

316 Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma Gondii)

Section 16 HELMINTHIC DISEASES

317 Ascariasis (Ascaris Lumbricoides)

319 Trichuriasis (Trichuris Trichiura)

320 Enterobiasis (Enterobius Vermicularis)

321 Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides Stercoralis)

322 Lymphatic Filariasis (Brugia Malayi, Brugia Timori, And Wuchereria Bancrofti)

323 Other Tissue Nematodes

324 Toxocariasis (Visceral And Ocular Larva Migrans)

325 Trichinellosis (Trichinella Spiralis)

326 Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma)

327 Flukes (Liver, Lung, And Intestinal)

328 Adult Tapeworm Infections

329 Cysticercosis

330 Echinococcosis (Echinococcus Granulosus And Echinococcus Multilocularis) 1897 Volume

PART XVII

The Digestive System

Section 1 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE

331 Normal Digestive Tract Phenomena

332 Major Symptoms And Signs Of Digestive Tract Disorders

Section 2 THE ORAL CAVITY

333 Development And Developmental Anomalies Of The Teeth

334 Disorders Of The Oral Cavity Associated With Other Conditions

335 Malocclusion

336 Cleft Lip And Palate

337 Syndromes With Oral Manifestations

338 Dental Caries

339 Periodontal Diseases

340 Dental Trauma

341 Common Lesions Of The Oral Soft Tissues

342 Diseases Of The Salivary Glands And Jaws

343 Diagnostic Radiology In Dental Assessment

Section 3 THE ESOPHAGUS

344 Embryology, Anatomy, And Function Of The Esophagus

345 Congenital Anomalies

346 Obstructing And Motility Disorders Of The Esophagus

347 Dysmotility

348 Hiatal Hernia

349 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

350 Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Pill Esophagitis, And Infective Esophagitis

351 Esophageal Perforation

352 Esophageal Varices

353 Ingestions

Section 4 STOMACH AND INTESTINES

354 Normal Development, Structure, And Function Of The Stomach And Intestines

355 Pyloric Stenosis And Other Congenital Anomalies Of The Stomach

356 Intestinal Atresia, Stenosis, And Malrotation

357 Intestinal Duplications, Meckel Diverticulum, And Other Remnants Of The Omphalomesenteric Duct

358 Motility Disorders And Hirschsprung Disease

359 Ileus, Adhesions, Intussusception, And Closed-Loop Obstructions

360 Foreign Bodies And Bezoars

361 Peptic Ulcer Disease In Children

362 Inflammatory Bowel Disease

363 Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis

364 Disorders Of Malabsorption

365 Intestinal Transplantation In Children With Intestinal Failure

366 Acute Gastroenteritis In Children

367 Chronic Diarrhea

368 Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

369 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

370 Acute Appendicitis

371 Surgical Conditions Of The Anus And Rectum

372 Tumors Of The Digestive Tract

373 Inguinal Hernias

Section 5 EXOCRINE PANCREAS

374 Embryology, Anatomy, And Physiology Of The Pancreas

375 Pancreatic Function Tests

376 Disorders Of The Exocrine Pancreas

377 Treatment Of Pancreatic Insufficiency

378 Pancreatitis

379 Pancreatic Fluid Collections

380 Pancreatic Tumors

Section 6 THE LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM

381 Morphogenesis Of The Liver And Biliary System

382 Manifestations Of Liver Disease

383 Cholestasis

384 Metabolic Diseases Of The Liver

385 Viral Hepatitis

386 Liver Abscess

387 Liver Disease Associated With Systemic Disorders

388 Mitochondrial Hepatopathies

389 Autoimmune Hepatitis

390 Drug- And Toxin-Induced Liver Injury

391 Acute Hepatic Failure

392 Cystic Diseases Of The Biliary Tract And Liver

393 Diseases Of The Gallbladder

394 Portal Hypertension And Varices

395 Liver Transplantation

Section 7 PERITONEUM

396 Peritoneal Malformations

397 Ascites

398 Peritonitis

399 Epigastric Hernia

PART XVIII

The Respiratory System

Section 1 DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION

400 Diagnostic Approach To Respiratory Disease

401 Chronic Or Recurrent Respiratory Symptoms

402 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

403 Brief Resolved Unexplained Events And Other Acute Events In Infants

Section 2 DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY

Section 2 DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

404 Congenital Disorders Of The Nose

405 Acquired Disorders Of The Nose

406 Nasal Polyps

407 The Common Cold

408 Sinusitis

409 Acute Pharyngitis

410 Retropharyngeal Abscess, Lateral Pharyngeal (Parapharyngeal) Abscess, And Peritonsillar Cellulitis/Abscess

411 Tonsils And Adenoids

412 Acute Inflammatory Upper Airway Obstruction (Croup, Epiglottitis, Laryngitis, And Bacterial Tracheitis)

413 Congenital Anomalies Of The Larynx, Trachea, And Bronchi

414 Foreign Bodies In The Airway

415 Laryngotracheal Stenosis And Subglottic Stenosis

416 Bronchomalacia And Tracheomalacia

417 Neoplasms Of The Larynx, Trachea, And Bronchi

418 Wheezing, Bronchiolitis, And Bronchitis

419 Plastic Bronchitis

420 Emphysema And Overinflation

421 ?1-Antitrypsin Deficiency And Emphysema

422 Other Distal Airway Diseases

423 Congenital Disorders Of The Lung

424 Pulmonary Edema

425 Aspiration Syndromes

426 Chronic Recurrent Aspiration

427 Immune And Inflammatory Lung Disease

428 Community-Acquired Pneumonia

429 Pleurisy, Pleural Effusions, And Empyema

430 Bronchiectasis

431 Pulmonary Abscess

432 Cystic Fibrosis

433 Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Immotile Cilia Syndrome, Kartagener Syndrome)

434 Diffuse Lung Diseases In Childhood

435 Pulmonary Hemosiderosis

436 Pulmonary Embolism, Infarction, And Hemorrhage

437 Atelectasis

438 Pulmonary Tumors

439 Pneumothorax

440 Pneumomediastinum

441 Hydrothorax

442 Hemothorax

443 Chylothorax

444 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

445 Skeletal Diseases Influencing Pulmonary Function

446 Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency

PART XIX

The Cardiovascular System

Section 1 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

447 Cardiac Development

448 The Fetal To Neonatal Circulatory Transition

Section 2 EVALUATION OF THE

Section 2 EVALUATION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND THE CHILD

449 History And Physical Examination In Cardiac Evaluation

450 Laboratory Cardiac Evaluation

Section 3 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

451 Epidemiology And Genetic Basis Of Congenital Heart Disease

452 Evaluation And Screening Of The Infant Or Child With Congenital Heart Disease

453 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Left-To-Right Shunt Lesions

454 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Obstructive Lesions

455 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Regurgitant Lesions

456 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Evaluation Of The Critically Ill Neonate With Cyanosis And Respiratory Distress

457 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Lesions Associated With Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow

458 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Lesions Associated With Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow

459 Other Congenital Heart And Vascular Malformations

460 Pulmonary Hypertension

461 General Principles Of Treatment Of Congenital Heart Disease

Section 4 CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS

462 Disturbances Of Rate And Rhythm Of The Heart

463 Sudden Death

Section 5 ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE

464 Infective Endocarditis

465 Rheumatic Heart Disease

Section 6 DISEASES OF THE MYOCARDIUM

Section 6 DISEASES OF THE MYOCARDIUM AND PERICARDIUM

466 Diseases Of The Myocardium

467 Diseases Of The Pericardium

468 Tumors Of The Heart

Section 7 CARDIAC THERAPEUTICS

469 Heart Failure

470 Pediatric Heart And Heart-Lung Transplantation

Section 8 DISEASES OF THE PERIPHERAL

Section 8 DISEASES OF THE PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM

471 Diseases Of The Blood Vessels (Aneurysms And Fistulas)

472 Systemic Hypertension

PART XX

Diseases of the Blood

Section 1 THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM

473 Development Of The Hematopoietic System

474 The Anemias

Section 2 ANEMIAS OF INADEQUATE PRODUCTION

475 Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia (Diamond-Blackfan Anemia)

476 Pearson Syndrome

477 Acquired Pure Red Blood Cell Anemia

478 Anemia Of Chronic Disease And Renal Disease

479 Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias

480 Physiologic Anemia Of Infancy

481 Megaloblastic Anemias

482 Iron-Deficiency Anemia

483 Other Microcytic Anemias

Section 3 HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS

484 Definitions And Classification Of Hemolytic Anemias

485 Hereditary Spherocytosis

486 Hereditary Elliptocytosis, Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis, And Related Disorders

487 Hereditary Stomatocytosis

488 Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria And Acanthocytosis

489 Hemoglobinopathies

490 Enzymatic Defects

491 Hemolytic Anemias Resulting From Extracellular Factors-Immune Hemolytic Anemias

492 Hemolytic Anemias Secondary To Other Extracellular Factors

Section 4 POLYCYTHEMIA (ERYTHROCYTOSIS)

493 Polycythemia

494 Nonclonal Polycythemia

Section 5 THE PANCYTOPENIAS

495 Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes With Pancytopenia

496 The Acquired Pancytopenias

Section 6 BLOOD COMPONENT TRANSFUSIONS

497 Red Blood Cell Transfusions And Erythropoietin Therapy

498 Platelet Transfusions

499 Neutrophil (Granulocyte) Transfusions

500 Plasma Transfusions

501 Risks Of Blood Transfusions

Section 7 HEMORRHAGIC AND THROMBOTIC DISEASES

502 Hemostasis

503 Hereditary Clotting Factor Deficiencies (Bleeding Disorders)

504 Von Willebrand Disease

505 Hereditary Predisposition To Thrombosis

506 Thrombotic Disorders In Children

507 Postneonatal Vitamin K Deficiency

508 Liver Disease

509 Acquired Inhibitors Of Coagulation

510 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

511 Platelet And Blood Vessel Disorders

Section 8 THE SPLEEN

512 Anatomy And Function Of The Spleen

513 Splenomegaly

514 Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, And Splenectomy

Section 9 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

515 Anatomy And Function Of The Lymphatic System

516 Abnormalities Of Lymphatic Vessels

517 Lymphadenopathy

PART XXI

Cancer and Benign Tumors

518 Epidemiology Of Childhood And Adolescent Cancer

519 Molecular And Cellular Biology Of Cancer

520 Principles Of Cancer Diagnosis

521 Principles Of Cancer Treatment

522 The Leukemias

523 Lymphoma

524 Brain Tumors In Childhood

525 Neuroblastoma

526 Neoplasms Of The Kidney

527 Soft Tissue Sarcomas

528 Neoplasms Of Bone

529 Retinoblastoma

530 Gonadal And Germ Cell Neoplasms

531 Neoplasms Of The Liver

532 Benign Vascular Tumors

533 Rare Tumors

534 Histiocytosis Syndromes Of Childhood

PART XXII

Nephrology

Section 1 GLOMERULAR DISEASE

535 Introduction To Glomerular Diseases

Section 2 CONDITIONS PARTICULARLY

Section 2 CONDITIONS PARTICULARLY ASSOCIATED WITH HEMATURIA

536 Clinical Evaluation Of The Child With Hematuria

537 Isolated Glomerular Diseases Associated With Recurrent Gross Hematuria

538 Multisystem Disease Associated With Hematuria

539 Tubulointerstitial Disease Associated With Hematuria

540 Vascular Diseases Associated With Hematuria

541 Anatomic Abnormalities Associated With Hematuria

542 Lower Urinary Tract Causes Of Hematuria

Section 3 CONDITIONS PARTICULARLY

Section 3 CONDITIONS PARTICULARLY ASSOCIATED WITH PROTEINURIA

543 Clinical Evaluation Of The Child With Proteinuria

544 Conditions Associated With Proteinuria

545 Nephrotic Syndrome

Section 4 TUBULAR DISORDERS

546 Tubular Function

547 Renal Tubular Acidosis

548 Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

549 Inherited Tubular Transport Abnormalities

550 Renal Failure

551 Renal Transplantation

PART XXIII

Urologic Disorders in Infants and Children

552 Congenital Anomalies And Dysgenesis Of The Kidneys

553 Urinary Tract Infections

554 Vesicoureteral Reflux

555 Obstruction Of The Urinary Tract

556 Anomalies Of The Bladder

557 Neuropathic Bladder

558 Enuresis And Voiding Dysfunction

559 Anomalies Of The Penis And Urethra

560 Disorders And Anomalies Of The Scrotal Contents

561 Trauma To The Genitourinary Tract

562 Urinary Lithiasis

PART XXIV

Gynecologic Problems of Childhood

563 Gynecologic History And Physical Examination

564 Vulvovaginitis

565 Vaginal Bleeding In The Prepubertal Child

566 Breast Concerns

567 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome And Hirsutism

568 Gynecologic Neoplasms And Adolescent Prevention Methods For Human Papillomavirus

569 Vulvovaginal And M�llerian Anomalies

570 Gynecologic Care For Girls With Special Needs

571 Female Genital Mutilation

PART XXV

The Endocrine System

Section 1 DISORDERS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY GLAND

572 Hormones Of The Hypothalamus And Pituitary

573 Hypopituitarism

574 Diabetes Insipidus

575 Other Abnormalities Of Arginine Vasopressin Metabolism And Action

576 Hyperpituitarism, Tall Stature, And Overgrowth Syndromes

577 Physiology Of Puberty

578 Disorders Of Pubertal Development

Section 2 DISORDERS OF THE THYROID GLAND

579 Thyroid Development And Physiology

580 Disorders Of Thyroxine-Binding Globulin

581 Hypothyroidism

582 Thyroiditis

583 Goiter

584 Thyrotoxicosis

585 Carcinoma Of The Thyroid

586 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes

587 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes

Section 3 DISORDERS OF THE PARATHYROID GLAND

588 Hormones And Peptides Of Calcium Homeostasis And Bone Metabolism

589 Hypoparathyroidism

590 Pseudohypoparathyroidism

591 Hyperparathyroidism

Section 4 DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL

Section 4 DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

592 Physiology Of The Adrenal Gland

593 Adrenocortical Insufficiency

594 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia And Related Disorders

595 Adrenocortical Tumors And Masses

596 Virilizing And Feminizing Adrenal Tumors

597 Cushing Syndrome

598 Primary Aldosteronism

599 Pheochromocytoma

Section 5 DISORDERS OF THE GONADS

600 Development And Function Of The Gonads

601 Hypofunction Of The Testes

602 Pseudoprecocity Resulting From Tumors Of The Testes

603 Gynecomastia

604 Hypofunction Of The Ovaries

605 Pseudoprecocity Resulting From Lesions Of The Ovary

606 Disorders Of Sex Development

Section 6 DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN

607 Diabetes Mellitus

PART XXVI

The Nervous System

608 Neurologic Evaluation

609 Congenital Anomalies Of The Central Nervous System

610 Deformational Plagiocephaly

611 Seizures In Childhood

612 Conditions That Mimic Seizures

613 Headaches

614 Neurocutaneous Syndromes

615 Movement Disorders

616 Encephalopathies

617 Neurodegenerative Disorders Of Childhood

618 Demyelinating Disorders Of The Central Nervous System

619 Pediatric Stroke

620 Central Nervous System Vasculitis

621 Central Nervous System Infections

622 Brain Abscess

623 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)

624 Spinal Cord Disorders

PART XXVII

Neuromuscular Disorders

625 Evaluation And Investigation Of Neuromuscular Disorders

626 Developmental Disorders Of Muscle

627 Muscular Dystrophies

628 Endocrine And Toxic Myopathies

629 Metabolic Myopathies And Channelopathies

630 Disorders Of Neuromuscular Transmission And Of Motor Neurons

631 Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathies

632 Toxic Neuropathies

633 Autonomic Neuropathies

634 Guillain-Barr� Syndrome

635 Bell Palsy

PART XXVIII

Disorders of the Eye

636 Growth And Development Of The Eye

637 Examination Of The Eye

638 Abnormalities Of Refraction And Accommodation

639 Disorders Of Vision

640 Abnormalities Of Pupil And Iris

641 Disorders Of Eye Movement And Alignment

642 Abnormalities Of The Lids

643 Disorders Of The Lacrimal System

644 Disorders Of The Conjunctiva

645 Abnormalities Of The Cornea

646 Abnormalities Of The Lens

647 Disorders Of The Uveal Tract

648 Disorders Of The Retina And Vitreous

649 Abnormalities Of The Optic Nerve

650 Childhood Glaucoma

651 Orbital Abnormalities

652 Orbital Infections

653 Injuries To The Eye

PART XXIX

The Ear

654 General Considerations And Evaluation Of The Ear

655 Hearing Loss

656 Congenital Malformations Of The Ear

657 External Otitis (Otitis Externa)

658 Otitis Media

659 Acute Mastoiditis

660 The Inner Ear And Diseases Of The Bony Labyrinth

661 Traumatic Injuries Of The Ear And Temporal Bone

662 Tumors Of The Ear And Temporal Bone

PART XXX

The Skin

663 Morphology Of The Skin

664 Dermatologic Evaluation Of The Patient

665 Principles Of Dermatologic Therapy

666 Dermatologic Diseases Of The Neonate

667 Cutaneous Defects

668 Ectodermal Dysplasias

669 Vascular Disorders

670 Cutaneous Nevi

671 Hyperpigmented Lesions

672 Hypopigmented Lesions

673 Vesiculobullous Disorders

674 Eczematous Disorders

675 Photosensitivity

676 Diseases Of The Epidermis

677 Disorders Of Keratinization

678 Diseases Of The Dermis

679 Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

680 Diseases Of Subcutaneous Tissue

681 Disorders Of The Sweat Glands

682 Disorders Of Hair

683 Disorders Of The Nails

684 Disorders Of The Mucous Membranes

685 Cutaneous Bacterial Infections

686 Cutaneous Fungal Infections

687 Cutaneous Viral Infections

688 Arthropod Bites And Infestations

689 Acne

690 Tumors Of The Skin

691 Nutritional Dermatoses

PART XXXI

Bone and Joint Disorders

Section 1 ORTHOPEDIC PROBLEMS

692 Growth And Development

693 Orthopedic Evaluation Of The Child

694 The Foot And Toes

695 Torsional And Angular Deformities Of The Limb

696 Leg-Length Discrepancy

697 The Knee

698 The Hip

699 The Spine

700 The Neck

701 The Upper Limb

702 Arthrogryposis

703 Common Fractures

704 Osteomyelitis

705 Septic Arthritis

Section 2 SPORTS MEDICINE

706 Epidemiology And Prevention Of Injuries

707 Management Of Musculoskeletal Injury

Stress Fractures, and Chronic Compartment

708 Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion)

709 Cervical Spine Injuries

710 Heat Injuries

711 Female Athletes: Menstrual Problems And The Risk Of Osteopenia

712 Performance-Enhancing Aids

713 Specific Sports And Associated Injuries

Section 3 THE SKELETAL DYSPLASIAS

714 General Considerations In Skeletal Dysplasias

715 Disorders Involving Cartilage Matrix Proteins

716 Disorders Involving Transmembrane Receptors

717 Disorders Involving Ion Transporters

718 Disorders Involving Transcription Factors

719 Disorders Involving Defective Bone Resorption

720 Other Inherited Disorders Of Skeletal Development

721 Osteogenesis Imperfecta

722 Marfan Syndrome

Section 4 METABOLIC BONE DISEASE

723 Bone Structure, Growth, And Hormonal Regulation

724 Hypophosphatasia

725 Hyperphosphatasia

726 Osteoporosis

PART XXXII

Rehabilitation Medicine

727 Evaluation Of The Child For Rehabilitative Services

728 Rehabilitation For Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

729 Spinal Cord Injury And Autonomic Dysreflexia Management

730 Spasticity

731 Birth Brachial Plexus Palsy

732 Meningomyelocele (Spina Bifida)

733 Ambulation Assistance

734 Health And Wellness For Children With Disabilities

PART XXXIII

Environmental Health

735 Overview Of Environmental Health And Children

736 Biologic Effects Of Ionizing Radiation On Children

737 Chemical Pollutants

738 Heavy Metal Intoxication

739 Lead Poisoning

740 Nonbacterial Food Poisoning

741 Biologic And Chemical Terrorism

742 Mass Psychogenic Illness

743 Animal And Human Bites

744 Rat Bite Fever

745 Monkeypox

746 Envenomations

PART XXXIV

747 Laboratory Testing In Infants And Children

748 Reference Intervals For Laboratory Tests And Procedures

Authors

Robert M. Kliegman Professor & Chair Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics - Medical College of Wisconsin Nelson Undiagnosed & Rare Disease Program. Joseph W. St. Geme III Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Professor of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Physician-in-Chief, Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Endowed Chair in Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.