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Digital Convergence in Antenna Design. Applications for Real-Time Solutions. Edition No. 1. Digital Convergence in Engineering Systems

  • Book

  • 288 Pages
  • March 2024
  • John Wiley and Sons Ltd
  • ID: 5923479
DIGITAL CONVERGENCE in ANTENNA DESIGN

The latest addition to this series presents high-quality original research contributions on analytical and practical models and ideas in the field of antennas, including a thorough look at RF techniques like antennas, RFID, and filters with special emphasis on real-time applications like e-health, RADAR, and mobile and satellite communications.

This book is intended to disseminate recent trends in antenna designs for real-time applications that leverage digital convergence. The book intends to report the latest research findings, as well as the state-of-the-art RF techniques related to antennas, RFID, filters, etc., with special emphasis on real-time applications like e-health, RADAR, and mobile and satellite communications.

The book can be used as a reference for researchers who want to explore the convergence of AI/ML/DL, big data, and IoT in the areas of antenna and advanced communication technologies for real-time applications. These real-time applications can include e-healthcare, intelligent transportation, aerospace, retail, manufacturing, industrial plants, and defense products where communications play a major role.

Table of Contents

List of Figures xi

List of Tables xvii

Preface xix

Section 1: 5G and its Applications 1

1 5G and Cognitive Radio 3
Dr. Nagamani K. and Dr. Bhagya R.

1.1 Introduction 4

1.2 5G System Architecture 5

1.3 An Overview of Network Elements 6

1.4 Design Problems 8

1.5 5G Infrastructure Needs 9

1.6 Features 10

1.7 5G Network Slicing 11

1.8 Pros of 5G 12

1.9 Cons of 5G 13

1.10 5G Applications 14

1.11 Cognitive Radio 15

1.12 Cognitive Radio Network 16

1.13 Spectrum Sensing in CRNs 17

1.14 Classification of CR Spectrum Sensing 17

1.15 Methods of Spectrum Sensing 18

1.16 Routing in Cognitive Radio Network 19

1.17 Terminal Capability of CRN 19

1.18 Reconfigurable Capability 20

1.19 Architecture of CRN 22

1.20 Primary System and CR System 23

1.21 Routing Challenges in CRNs 24

1.22 SDR Architecture 25

1.23 Physical Architecture of CR 28

1.24 Operation of CR 29

1.25 Benefits of CR 30

1.26 Challenges Faced by CR 30

1.27 Techniques of Spectrum Sensing 30

1.28 Cooperative SS Techniques 33

2 A Single-Ring SRR Loaded Slot Engraved Rectangular Monopole Antenna for ISM, WLAN, WiMAX, and 5G Application 39
Prasad Jones Christydass, Asha, Chandra Kumar Dixit, Dhanagopal and Praveen Kitti

2.1 Introduction 40

2.2 Design of SRR Loaded Slot Engraved Rectangular Monopole 41

2.3 Parametric Analysis 46

2.4 Results and Discussion 50

2.5 Conclusion 53

3 Compact Wideband 6-GHz Different Radiating Elements MIMO Antenna with Dual-Band for the 5G/WLAN/C-Band Application 57
Shrenik Suresh Sarade and Dr. S. D. Ruikar

3.1 Introduction 58

3.2 Designing of Two-Element and Four-Element MIMO Antenna 62

3.2.1 Two-Element MIMO Antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) 62

3.2.1.1 Optimization of Defected Ground Structure (DGS) in the Ground Plane and Cut Slot in the Radiating Patch 67

3.2.1.2 Result Analysis of Two-Element MIMO Antenna 69

3.2.2 Four-Element MIMO Antenna 74

3.2.2.1 Result Analysis of Four-Element MIMO Antenna 77

3.3 Comparison 81

3.4 Conclusions 82

Section 2: Wireless Communication Applications 87

4 Compact Fractal Wearable Antenna with and without Defected Ground Structure for Wireless Body Area Communications 89
S. Ramesh and S. Chitra

Introduction 90

Design and Methodology of Proposed Antenna 92

Design Process 92

Analysis of Triangular Patch Antenna 93

Defected Ground Structure 94

Proposed Antenna Configuration 94

Results and Discussion 96

S-Parameter 97

Radiation Pattern 97

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) 98

Prototype Antenna 102

Measured Results 103

Measurement of S11 103

Comparison of Simulated and Measured Results 104

Return Loss 104

Radiation Pattern 104

Conclusion 104

Acknowledgement 110

References 110

5 A Novel Defected Ground Structure Based Analysis of Micro Strip Patch Antenna for Modern Radar Application 113
Amrees Pandey, J. A. Ansari and Iqra Masroor

5.1 Introduction 114

5.1.1 Antenna Design and Evolution of the Proposed Design Model 116

5.1.2 Results and Discussion 118

5.2 Conclusion 128

6 A Reconfigurable Antenna for C Band Applications 133
Banuprakash R., Vishakha Yadav, Dwarakanath G. V. and S. A. Hariprasad

6.1 Introduction 133

6.2 Structure of Antenna 138

6.3 Results and Discussions 139

6.3.1 Intermediate Steps 141

6.3.2 Gain 144

6.3.3 Radiation Pattern 145

6.3.4 Reconfigurable Antenna Prototype 146

6.4 Conclusion 151

7 Split-Ring Resonator--Inspired Polygonal-Shaped Printed Antenna for Wireless Application 153
Prasad Jones Christydass S., Saravanakumar R., Regina S. and Malaisamy K.

7.1 Introduction 154

7.2 Design of SRR-Inspired Polygonal Antenna 156

7.3 Parametric Analysis 160

7.4 Result and Discussion 162

7.5 Conclusion 167

References 168

Section 3: MIMO Techniques 171

8 Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Multiple Input Multiple Output Applications 173
Mehaboob Mujawar and Subuh Pramono

8.1 Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRA) 174

8.2 Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO) 175

8.3 Comparative Study of Different DRA Antennas for MIMO Applications 176

8.4 H-Shaped DRA MIMO Antenna 183

8.5 Results 184

8.6 Conclusion 187

9 A Circular Waveguide Polarizer Based on Periodic Metallic Structure Loading 191
Swati Varun Yadav and Ashish Chittora

9.1 Introduction 191

9.2 Design Principle and Structure 195

9.3 Result and Discussion 197

9.4 Conclusions 202

10 A Metamaterial-Inspired Monopole Antenna for Multi-Resonance Applications 207
Chetan S. and Chandrappa D. N.

10.1 Introduction 207

10.2 Reduction of Electrical Size 209

10.3 Reduction of Coupling Effects 209

10.4 Shaping of Aperture Field -- Directivity and Gain Enhancement 210

10.5 Scanning of Main Beam Direction 210

10.6 Design of Rectangular Split-Ring Metamaterial Unit Cell 210

10.7 Design of Metamaterial-Loaded Monopole Antenna 213

10.8 Design of Monopole Antenna with Metamaterial 215

10.9 Conclusion 217

11 Energy-Efficient Technique to Improve the System Using MIMO 223
Manjunath Managuli, Mahantesh K., M. Lakshminarayana and Sangamesh C. Managuli

Introduction 223

Antenna Node Construction 224

System Specifications 227

Practical Requirements 228

Non-Useful Requirements 228

H/S Requirements 228

Software Environment and Instrument 228

Programming Language 228

C++ Language 229

OTCL Script 229

AWK Characters 229

Prefaces to NST 230

User Vision of System 230

Structure Architecture Design 231

Complete Aim 232

Flow Chart 233

Sequence Diagram 233

Implementation 234

System Component 234

Power Component 235

Node Power Estimate 236

Self-Adaptive Sleep/Awake Module 237

Performance Analysis Module 238

Existing System -- Self-Adaptive Sleep/Awake Algorithm Screenshot 238

Proposed System -- Energy Efficient Method to Improve Network Lifetime Using MIMO Screenshots 242

Testing 244

Levels of Testing 244

Initialization Testing 245

Functional Testing 245

Results and Analysis 245

Self-Adaptive Sleep/Awake Algorithm Performance Metrics Screenshots 247

Performance Measures -- Existing System 248

XGraph -- Average Throughput 248

X-Graph -- Average End-to-End Delay 249

X-Graph -- Overhead 250

X-Graph -- Average Energy 251

Conclusions 252

References 253

About the Editors 257

Index 259

Authors

P. Srividya RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India. S. Ramya RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India. Anitha Peram Sri Jagadguru Balagangadhara Natha Maha Swamiji Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India. Ashish Singh NMAM Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India.