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MXenes: Next-Generation 2D Materials. Fundamentals and Applications. Edition No. 1

  • Book

  • 384 Pages
  • May 2024
  • John Wiley and Sons Ltd
  • ID: 5925525
MXenes

One-stop reference explaining the manufacturing, design, and many applications of MXenes in an easy-to-understand linear format

MXenes is a one-stop reference on MXenes, a promising new class of 2D materials, discussing the routes of functionalization and modifications towards high performance materials and providing broad coverage of lab synthesis methods. To aid in reader comprehension, this text presents the topic in a linear fashion, starting with an introduction to MXenes and ending with a comparison of MXenes to other similar 2D materials, discussing limitations, advantages, future perspectives, and challenges of both MXenes and MXene-based materials.

The text covers up-to-date research in the field with a strong focus on novel findings in various devices along with core technological advancements that have been made in recent years. MXenes discusses sample topics such as: - Properties of MXenes, including strong hydrophilicity, exceptional conductivity, high elastic mechanical strength, large surface-to-volume ratio, and chemical stability - Applications of MXenes in energy storage, optoelectronics, spintronics, biomedicine, electro-catalysis, photocatalysis, membrane separation, supercapacitors, and batteries - Performance factors that can hinder the efficacy of MXenes, including aggregation, difficulty obtaining a single layer, restacking, and oxidation of MXene nanosheets - State-of-the-art progress in the field of gas sensors and electrochemical biosensors for the detection of various biomolecules, pharmaceutical drugs, and environmental pollutants

Containing everything readers need to know about this exciting new class of 2D materials, MXenes is an essential reference for professionals working in advanced materials science, flexible electronics, nanoelectronics, and the energy industry, along with chemists, material scientists, and engineers in nanoscience and nanotechnology.

Table of Contents

Editor Biographies xv

List of Contributors xix

Preface xxvii

Acknowledgment xxix

1 Introduction to MXenes a Next-generation 2D Material 1
Kshitij RB Singh, Sushma Thapa, Jay Singh, Shyam S. Pandey, and Ravindra Pratap Singh

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Properties 3

1.3 Synthesis and Functionalization of MXenes 5

1.4 Characterization of MXenes 7

1.5 Application of MXenes 8

1.6 Current Scenario, Risk Assessment, and Challenges 13

1.7 Conclusion and Prospects 14

2 Structure, Composition, and Functionalization of MXenes 23
Praveen Kumar, Ramakshi Rana, Arun Kumar, Pooja Rawat, and Jong Soo Rhyee

2.1 Introduction 23

2.2 MXenes Composition 25

2.3 Structural Analysis Regarding MXenes 29

2.4 Structure Functionalization of MXene 35

2.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 40

3 Synthesis of MXenes 45
Manish Kumar Dixit and Mrigendra Dubey

3.1 Introduction 45

3.2 Fabrication of MXene 45

3.3 Conclusion 61

4 Physicochemical and Biological Properties of MXenes 65
Neakanshika Chadha, Aman Sahu, Kshitij RB Singh, and Jay Singh

4.1 Introduction 65

4.2 Structure and Synthesis of MXenes 66

4.3 Properties of MXenes 69

4.4 Conclusion and future Perspectives 76

5 Processing and Characterization of MXenes and Their Nanocomposites 85
Suji Mary Zachariah, Yves Grohens, and Sabu Thomas

5.1 Introduction 85

5.2 Processing Techniques 86

5.3 Characterization Techniques 91

5.4 Conclusion 94

6 Progressive Approach Toward MXenes Hydrogel 99
Abbas Mohammadi, Ghazal Amini, and Saman Abrishamkar

6.1 Hydrogels 99

6.2 MXene-Based Hydrogels 101

6.3 Conclusions 111

7 Comparison of MXenes with Other 2D Materials 117
Yoshiyuki Sato, Daisuke Nakane, and Takashiro Akitsu

7.1 Introduction of MXenes 117

7.2 MXenes vs. Carbon Materials 120

7.3 MXenes vs. 2D-chalcogenide/Carbide/Nitride 120

7.4 MXenes vs. 2D Metal--Organic Frameworks 122

7.5 Summary 124

8 Newly Emerging 2D MXenes for Hydrogen Storage 129
Sneha Lavate, Sankhula Lokesh, and Rohit Srivastava

8.1 Introduction 129

8.2 Structural Properties of MXene 132

8.3 Synthesis Techniques 132

8.4 H2 Storage Reaction Mechanisms 133

8.5 Factors Influencing H2 Storage 138

8.6 Recent Advances in MXene-Based Compounds for H2 Storage 138

8.7 Conclusions 145

8.8 Future Perspectives and Challenges 145

9 MXenes for Supercapacitor Applications 153
Samaneh Shahsavarifar, Hamidreza Parsimehr, and Amir Ershad-Langroudi

9.1 Introduction 153

9.2 Two-dimensional MXenes Structure 154

9.3 MXenes’ Characteristics 155

9.4 MXenes as a Source of Energy Storage 157

9.5 Supercapacitor Systems of MXene and Hybrid 160

9.6 Prospects 163

9.7 Conclusion 164

10 MXenes-based Biosensors 171
Sushma Thapa, Kshitij RB Singh, Arunadevi Natarajan, Rout George Kerry, Jay Singh, Shyam S. Pandey, and Ravindra Pratap Singh

10.1 Introduction 171

10.2 Biosensing Application 172

10.3 Challenges and Limitations 180

10.4 Conclusion and Prospects 181

11 Advances in Ti3C2 MXene and Its Composites for the Adsorption Process and Photocatalytic Applications 189
Channe Gowda Sushma, Bangalore Nanjundappa Nagalaxmi, Raghavachari Kavitha, and Shivashankar Girish Kumar

11.1 Introduction 189

11.2 Ti3C2 as Adsorbent for the Metal Ions 190

11.3 Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism of Organic Pollutants via Ti3C2 MXene and Its Derivatives 195

11.4 Ternary Heterostructures based on the Ti3C2 204

11.5 Gap Analysis 209

11.6 Conclusion 209

12 MXenes and its Hybrid Nanocomposites for Gas Sensing Applications in Breath Analysis 217
Sampada Koirala, Mahek Sadiq, and Danling Wang

12.1 Introduction 217

12.2 Discussion 220

12.3 Conclusion 225

13 MXenes for Catalysis and Electrocatalysis 231
Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew, Alexander Ikechukwu Ajai, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Abdullahi Mann, John Olusanya Jacob, Elijah Yanda Shaba, Stanley Osita Okonkwo, Gregory Edema, Efosa John Osarenren, Esther Bernard, Evbuomwan L., and Tedunjaiye O.H.

13.1 Introduction 231

13.2 Application of MXene for Catalytic Processes 233

13.4 Conclusion and Future Trend 237

14 MXene and Its Hybrid Materials for Photothermal Therapy 241
Chansi, Karan Hadwani, and Tinku Basu

14.1 Introduction 241

14.2 Photothermal Conversion 242

14.3 Optical and Thermal Properties of MXenes 249

14.4 Photothermal Conversion Mechanism of MXenes 250

14.5 Applications of MXenes in Photothermal Therapy 252

14.6 Conclusion 261

15 MXenes and Its Composites for Biomedical Applications 269
Aykut Arif Topcu, Seckin Kilic, and Adil Denizli

15.1 Introduction 269

15.2 Various Biomedical Applications of MXenes 272

15.3 Conclusion 282

16 MXenes for Point of Care Devices (POC) 287
Fulden Ulucan-Karnak, Sachin Mishra, Sukirti Tiwari, and CansuIlke Kuru

16.1 Introduction 287

16.2 Characteristics of MXenes on Biosensing 288

16.3 Point-of-Care Diagnosing COVID-19: Methods Used to Date 290

16.4 Applications of MXenes as PoCs 292

16.5 Current Challenges and Future Outlook 294

16.6 Conclusion 294

17 MXenes and Their Hybrids for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications 301
Kadavil Subhash Lakshmy, Ananthu Prasad, Anandu M. Nair, Suji Mary Zachariah, Yves Grohens, and Sabu Thomas

17.1 Introduction 301

17.2 Properties of MXenes 302

17.3 Various MXene Hybrids For EMI-Hielding 303

17.4 Intrinsically Conducting Polymer-based 313

17.5 Graphene-based 314

17.6 Conclusion 316

18 Technological Aspects in the Development of MXenes and Its Hybrid Nanocomposites: Current Challenges and Prospects 323
Sujeet K. Mishra and Devendra Kumar

18.1 Introduction 323

18.2 Progressive Approach Towards MXene Composites and Hybrids 324

18.3 Technological Progress of MXene and Its Hybrids for Biomedical Sector 329

18.4 Technological Progress of MXene and Its Hybrids for Energy Sector 331

18.5 Technological Progress of MXene and Its Hybrids for Environment Sector 333

18.6 Technological Challenges and Outlook 335

References 337

Index 343

Authors

Jay Singh Banaras Hindu University, India. Kshitij RB Singh Banaras Hindu University, India. Ravindra Pratap Singh Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, India. Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria.