Global Water Desalination Market Outlook, 2029

Water scarcity is a developing global concern, fueled by population expansion, urbanization, and climate change. As traditional freshwater supplies diminish, the significance of alternative water supply alternatives becomes clearer. One such approach is desalination, which converts seawater or brackish water into fresh, potable water. The worldwide water desalination industry has emerged as a critical actor in addressing the pressing issue of water shortages, offering a potential path forward for sustainable water resource management. The global water desalination industry has grown significantly in recent years, driven by increased demand for freshwater in dry and water-stressed countries.

With developments in desalination technologies, the market has extended beyond its traditional strongholds in the Middle East, where desalination facilities have long been a staple in addressing water scarcity. Regions such as North America, Asia-Pacific, and Europe are increasingly embracing desalination as a viable solution to augment their water supply. Technological advances have played an important role in developing the water desalination business. Reverse osmosis (RO) and multi-stage flash distillation (MSF) have long been the primary desalination methods. However, there is a rising emphasis on designing solutions that are both energy-efficient and environmentally benign.

Forward osmosis, membrane distillation, and solar desalination are among the new technologies that have the potential to transform the sector. Governments all around the world are recognizing the value of desalination in ensuring water supply for their citizens. Significant expenditures are being made in research and development to improve and reduce the cost of desalination technology. Public-private partnerships play an important role in promoting innovation and extending desalination infrastructure.

According to the research report, 'Global Water Desalination Market Outlook, 2029', the market is anticipated to cross USD 36.50 Billion by 2029, increasing from USD 21.50 Billion in 2023. The market is expected to grow with 9.43% CAGR by 2024-29. Traditional desalination hubs, such as those in the Middle East, have long relied on these technologies to supply their water requirements. However, in recent years, there has been a noticeable shift, with regions such as North America, Asia-Pacific, and Europe recognizing the potential of desalination to supplement their water supply. Desalination is becoming increasingly important to governments around the world in terms of safeguarding water resources for their citizens.

Substantial expenditures in research and development are being made to improve desalination methods, reduce costs, and stimulate innovation. Public-private partnerships play an important role in increasing desalination infrastructure and managing industry difficulties. The geopolitical factor further complicates the worldwide water desalination industry. Access to freshwater resources can be a strategic asset in areas where water shortages are a major concern. Desalination plants frequently become key components of national water security programs.

This geopolitical aspect is visible in the Middle East, where nations have made significant investments in desalination to assure a stable and independent water supply. Another intriguing aspect is the role of innovation in making desalination more sustainable and affordable. Research and development activities are not only aimed at upgrading existing technologies but also at creating decentralized and modular desalination solutions. These developments aim to provide cost-effective and scalable choices for both large urban centers and distant, water-scarce locations, thereby contributing to more inclusive and resilient water infrastructure.

Market Drivers

• Rising global water scarcity: The rising issue of global water scarcity is one of the major reasons propelling the global water desalination market forward. As the world's population grows, urbanizes, and the consequences of climate change worsen, traditional freshwater sources are under growing strain. Arid regions, such as the Middle East, have long struggled with water scarcity, necessitating a reliance on desalination technology. However, the problem is no longer limited to these locations, and governments all over the world are looking to desalination as a critical solution to supplement their water supplies. The compelling demand for a sustainable and reliable freshwater source in the face of increasing water shortages is driving the global water desalination industry.
• Government initiatives and investments: Government assistance and initiatives play an important role in developing the worldwide water desalination industry. Governments around the world are spending heavily on desalination projects, recognizing the necessity of ensuring water supply for their citizens. These expenditures frequently take the form of research and development funds, subsidies, and the building of favorable regulatory frameworks. Public-private partnerships are also becoming more widespread, encouraging collaboration between governments and commercial groups to speed up the adoption of desalination technologies. Government commitment and financial backing are essential market drivers, giving the industry the impetus to expand and fulfill the rising need for fresh water.

Market Challenges

• High capital costs: One of the most significant issues confronting the worldwide water desalination business is the large upfront investment necessary to develop desalination plants. The capital-intensive nature of these projects frequently serves as a substantial barrier, discouraging both public and private companies from entering the market. The sophisticated infrastructure, specialized technologies, and huge facilities required for efficient desalination add to the high expenses. This financial challenge necessitates novel financing structures, public-private collaborations, and government incentives to make desalination projects economically viable and long-term sustainable.
• Energy consumption: The energy-intensive nature of classic desalination techniques, particularly reverse osmosis (RO), presents a significant challenge to the business. High energy consumption not only raises operational expenses but also raises environmental issues, given that the vast bulk of the world's energy comes from non-renewable sources. Striking a balance between the demands for freshwater production and reducing the carbon footprint of desalination facilities is critical. In order to address this essential concern, ongoing research and development efforts are being directed at developing energy-efficient technology, investigating renewable energy sources, and deploying enhanced energy recovery systems.

Market Trends

• Increasing adoption of renewable energy in desalination: A significant market trend in the worldwide water desalination sector is the increased emphasis on incorporating renewable energy sources into desalination processes. Desalination plants, which are typically energy-intensive, have come under fire for their environmental impact. However, there is a shift toward sustainability as solar, wind, and other renewable energy sources are used to power desalination plants. This approach not only tackles environmental concerns about traditional energy sources but also offers desalination as a more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient solution to water scarcity.
• Decentralized desalination solutions: A noteworthy industry trend is the shift toward decentralized desalination technologies. Historically, large-scale desalination plants served urban areas and regions with high water demand. However, there is a rising understanding of the advantages of decentralized, modular desalination systems. These systems can meet the water needs of small towns, industrial sites, and isolated places with limited access to traditional water infrastructure. The tendency toward decentralization is consistent with the overall goal of building more resilient and adaptive water supply networks.

COVID-19 Impact

The COVID-19 epidemic has had varying effects on the global water desalination sector. While the pandemic's early stages disrupted supply chains, delayed project timetables, and caused a short stop in new investments, the later stages saw a recovery in interest and hastened adoption of desalination technologies. The growing awareness of the necessity of dependable water sources for cleanliness and public health, along with a greater understanding of the vulnerability of traditional water resources, has prompted governments and companies to emphasize water security. As countries recover from the epidemic, the global water desalination industry is gaining traction, with a greater emphasis on resilient water infrastructure and long-term solutions to the challenges posed by water scarcity and climate change.

Based on technology segment market is bifurcated into reverse osmosis, multi-stage flash (MSF) distillation, multi-effect distillation (MED) and others. Among them Reverse osmosis technology is expected to lead the Global water desalination market during the forecast period.

The energy efficiency of reverse osmosis distinguishes it as the favored desalination process. Unlike previous technologies such as multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), which require high temperatures and considerable energy inputs, RO operates at lower pressures, resulting in decreased energy usage. The global shift toward sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies has increased the attraction of RO, which is perfectly aligned with the need to reduce carbon footprints associated with large-scale desalination projects. Furthermore, RO technology provides a more modular and scalable solution than its alternatives.

This scalability is especially useful in dealing with fluctuating water demand scenarios, allowing the deployment of desalination facilities customized to the individual needs of different locations. The capacity to scale operations efficiently makes RO an appealing solution for both densely populated urban areas with high water demand and remote regions facing water scarcity. The adaptability of reverse osmosis adds to its growing popularity. While originally developed for seawater desalination, RO has proven efficient in treating brackish water, making it a versatile solution for areas with diverse water salinities.

This versatility makes RO an appealing option for countries confronting a variety of water difficulties, allowing the technology to be used in a variety of geographic and environmental settings. Furthermore, continual advances and breakthroughs in RO membrane technology have improved performance and durability, hence increasing market share. These advancements have resulted in higher water recovery rates, less fouling, and longer membrane lifespans, all of which contribute to the overall cost-effectiveness and reliability of RO-based desalination facilities.

The source segment of the market includes sea water, brackish water, surface water (rivers & streams), wastewater and others. Sea water is major source preferred for water desalination globally. Based on application segment market includes municipal, industrial and others. Among them municipal are major end users of water desalination.

The Earth's seas cover around 71% of its surface, making seawater an abundant resource with the potential to address global water scarcity challenges. The sheer amount of seawater provides an almost endless supply for desalination procedures, especially in areas where freshwater resources are scarce. Accessibility is another critical issue. Coastal areas, where desalination facilities are commonly found, have easy access to seawater. This proximity reduces the need for large infrastructure to transport water over vast distances, lowering the overall costs and logistical issues of procuring water for desalination.

Furthermore, the quantity of seawater makes it a more durable and sustainable source of desalination than other possibilities, such as brackish water. While brackish water desalination is equally necessary, particularly in inland regions, the global emphasis on saltwater desalination stems from the need to solve water scarcity in coastal areas and regions where traditional freshwater sources are under substantial stress. In water-scarce places, such as arid coastal areas or islands, saltwater desalination is an important strategy for diversifying water sources and improving water security.

As populations grow, urbanize, and confront the effects of climate change, the dependability and scalability of saltwater desalination become increasingly important in guaranteeing a sustainable and resilient water supply. Municipalities are frequently found in or near coastal locations where residents are concentrated. Rapid urbanization and population growth in these areas can strain traditional freshwater sources, prompting communities to turn to desalination as a dependable and supplementary water supply.

The influx of people into cities raises the demand for water, and desalination offers a long-term option to fulfill this growing requirement. Municipalities frequently aim to diversify their water supply sources in order to improve resilience to water shortages and disruptions. Desalination provides an additional source of freshwater to enhance existing supplies from rivers, reservoirs, and groundwater, minimizing reliance on a single susceptible source.

The report is majorly categorised into five major regions North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle East & Africa. Middle East & Africa is projected to lead the market during the forecast period.

The Middle East and Africa region, with dry weather and limited freshwater supplies, has been at the forefront of implementing water desalination as a strategic alternative to meet the growing need for clean and potable water. This broad and diversified region, which comprises countries with varying economic landscapes and water issues, has seen substantial advances and investments in desalination technology. The Middle East, particularly the Arabian Gulf countries, has been a global leader in water desalination, driven by the pressing need to secure freshwater resources in the face of arid conditions and growing urbanization. Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar are among the countries pioneering large-scale desalination projects.

In Africa, where water scarcity is a serious concern, countries like Algeria, Tunisia, and South Africa are increasingly exploring desalination to augment their water supply. The Middle East and Africa region collectively stands as a dynamic hub for water desalination projects, showcasing a blend of economic, technological, and environmental considerations. The Middle East is conveniently placed along coastlines, providing access to plentiful seawater resources from the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea.

Seawater desalination, particularly using reverse osmosis technology, has become a popular solution to water scarcity. Desalination is a realistic and effective way to provide a consistent source of freshwater due to the abundance of seawater. Middle Eastern governments acknowledge the necessity of desalination in guaranteeing water security. Significant expenditures and strategic actions have been implemented to increase desalination capacity. The installation of such projects is frequently part of larger national plans to solve water scarcity and promote sustainable development.

The competitive landscape of the worldwide water desalination market is defined by the existence of prominent industry players who are actively engaged in technological breakthroughs, strategic alliances, and geographic growth. Companies are constantly investing in R&D to improve desalination methods and increase energy efficiency. The market also sees significant participation from regional firms, particularly in the Middle East, where water shortages are serious.

Furthermore, public-private partnerships and government initiatives play an important role in creating competitive dynamics as several countries seek to address water security concerns through desalination plants. The pursuit of sustainable practices, cost-effective solutions, and developments in membrane technology are all important elements affecting competitiveness as companies compete for a substantial portion of the growing global water desalination industry.

• October 2023: Xylem Inc. launches a pilot project for a solar-powered desalination plant in California.
• In October 2023, MIT engineers developed a compact and low-cost desalination device that can facilitate states enduring water deficits to procure drinkable water. The device makes seawater into drinking water by utilizing solar energy.
• On 03 March 2022, Egypt's cabinet announced that Saudi Arabia's Abdul Latif Jameel Energy & Environmental Services and Hassan Allam Holding had submitted an offer to build a huge desalination plant capable of generating around 2.9 million cubic meters of water per day by 2030.
• DuPont launched a new biofouling prevention solution for reverse osmosis installations on March 30, 2021, to decrease operational expenses while increasing plant uptime and dependability. DuPont intends to demonstrate innovative leadership and dedication to solving client water concerns with this new patent-pending solution.

Considered in this report

• Historic year: 2018
• Base year: 2023
• Estimated year: 2024
• Forecast year: 2029

Aspects covered in this report

• Water Desalination market Outlook with its value and forecast along with its segments
• Various drivers and challenges
• On-going trends and developments
• Top profiled companies
• Strategic recommendation

By Technology

• Reverse Osmosis (RO)
• Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) Distillation
• Multi-Effect Distillation (MED)
• Others

By Source

• Sea Water
• Brackish Water
• Surface Water (Rivers & Streams)
• Wastewater
• Others (Industrial Process Water, Produced Water, Agricultural Runoff, Mining Effluents, Highly Saline Springs or Wells, Landfill Leachate, Tailings Pond Water)

By Application

• Municipal
• Industrial
• Others

The approach of the report:

This report consists of a combined approach of primary and secondary research. Initially, secondary research was used to get an understanding of the market and list the companies that are present in it. The secondary research consists of third-party sources such as press releases, annual reports of companies, and government-generated reports and databases. After gathering the data from secondary sources, primary research was conducted by conducting telephone interviews with the leading players about how the market is functioning and then conducting trade calls with dealers and distributors of the market. Post this; we have started making primary calls to consumers by equally segmenting them in regional aspects, tier aspects, age group, and gender. Once we have primary data with us, we can start verifying the details obtained from secondary sources.

Intended audience

This report can be useful to industry consultants, manufacturers, suppliers, associations, and organizations related to the Water Desalination industry, government bodies, and other stakeholders to align their market-centric strategies. In addition to marketing and presentations, it will also increase competitive knowledge about the industry.


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