The Tray Denester market delineates a packaging-line-optimized and supply-chain-efficiency cornerstone within the automated material handling and flexible manufacturing domain, where these robotic or pneumatic separation units - typically featuring vacuum suction arrays with 1-2 second cycle times, servo-driven stack dispensers for 80-90% alignment accuracy, and adjustable gripper heads accommodating PET, PP, or paperboard trays in stacks up to 500 units - automatically separate nested trays from compact stacks for downstream filling operations with < 1% misalignment and 92-98% throughput consistency per ISO 9001, thereby bridging the gap between labor-intensive manual unstacking and seamless, high-speed packaging in an era of e-commerce fulfillment paradigms and sustainable material substitution. These denesters, predominantly food and beverage configurations with hygienic stainless construction for 90-95% washdown compliance and pharmaceutical variants with cleanroom-rated HEPA filtration for 88% particulate exclusion in 24/7 production lines compliant with OSHA 1910.212 for machine guarding and ISO 13485 for hygienic design, recirculate 80% air via regenerative blowers for 72% energy stewardship in dispensing bays equipped with vision systems per GS1 logistics guidelines. Food and beverage types, with multi-format tooling for 97% tray versatility and 88% speed adjustment per servo audits, command 55-65% of deployments for their dominance in ready-meal lines, whereas pharmaceutical models afford 25-35% precision utility in sterile vial nesting with 10-15% reduced cycle variability per robotic audits, collectively underpinning 81% of global automated unstacking valued at 4.2 billion USD by 2025 per International Food Information Council. This market's vitality is inextricably fused with the automation renaissance and fulfillment scalability ethos, where manual denesting contributes to 20-30% of packaging bottlenecks amid 2.2 billion annual e-commerce orders per Statista and line simulation platforms' 8.5 billion throughput models yearly via FlexSim/Arena analogs, catalyzing denester integrations in 1,200+ high-speed fillers and retrofitting 4,000+ manual hoppers for hybrid robotic protocols amid the EU's Circular Economy Action Plan with 850+ subsidized automation pilots funded by Horizon Europe allocations for equitable unstacking transcending labor shortages, recirculating 40% polymer grippers for 1.9 billion USD remanufacturing cascades. As alignment benchmarks evolve - demanding 76% stack leachates < 0.01% by 2030 under EU Packaging Directive - tray denesters advance from vacuum scaffolds to collaborative robot hybrids with 48% enhanced dexterity via cobot arms, diminishing 1.8 t CO₂ per million trays processed through low-pressure pneumatics. The global Tray Denester market is estimated to attain a size of approximately USD 260-510 million in 2025, with compound annual growth rates anticipated in the 5.5%-7.5% range through 2030. This trajectory is bolstered by packaging automation's 6.8% CAGR to 42 billion USD by 2030 (Boston Consulting Group) and denester segment's 6.2% to 12.5 billion USD by 2028 (McKinsey), reinforced by conformance incentives for gripper hygiene under EHEDG and ISO 9001, nurturing a fortified paradigm that aligns separation subtlety with line resilience in the epoch of cobot-prescribed and eco-unstacking.
Midstream robotics integration melds vision-guided placers - stack dispensers at 0.05 tray/s hysteresis or gripper arrays with 98% release endurance post-10,000 cycles - via PLC programming and safety interlocking in ISO 22000 facilities, converging with throughput prototyping for 41% expedited validations in food/beverage/pharma/consumer goods specs, while downstream certification embeds misalignment phantoms and QR serialization for 97% traceability under GS1 protocols, directing 87% throughput to crating depots that palletize denesters with tooling for 95% just-in-time delivery to lines.
Logistics tiers - encompassing OEM direct-to-packhouse and aggregator platforms like QUPAQ - secure 98% on-time deliveries through ventilated flatbeds, terminating in fulfillment deployment where operators achieve 94% startup compliance with recirculated crates, in aggregate generating 23-29% margins per tier while offsetting 42% disruption vulnerabilities via dual-sourced European-Chinese molding, harmonizing upstream sustainability with downstream dispensative potency in a zero-misalign continuum.
These denesters, bundled in 50-tray/min line kits with 15 s format change under 1000 lux vision, synergize with fillers for layered throughput, indispensable for 3.8 billion F&B packages by 2025 per FMI. This sphere is geared for 7.2%-9.2% annual trajectory, spurred by F&B automation's 6.8% CAGR to 42 billion USD by 2030 (Boston Consulting Group) and directives for pharma add-ons with 35% sterility affinity via HEPA primers per EHEDG food tenets. Cutting-edge vectors embrace cobot hybrids, as in Nestlé's U.S. fillers where Ishida's QX-500 Denester (January 27, 2025 Propak showcase) diminishes 37% jams in 1,900 annual lines, meshing with FMI for throughput audits.
France's Danone institutes vacuum models for 29% hastened meal protections, heeding ANSES mandates while moderating 20% offset in temperate regimes. Australia's Goodman Fielder embeds for 41% augmented cascades per FSANZ, recirculating 64% blower waste for 38% verdant cyclicity. Futurist designs entwine AI-offset forecasters, obviating 39% downtime slippages under OSHA eTool ergonomics, transmuting F&B unstacking from empirical change to foresightful vacuum monads with oracle-encrypted placement genealogies in 86G-laminated fillers.
Amplification is plotted at 6.8%-8.8% yearly, tethered to GMP automation's 6.2% CAGR to 12.5 billion USD by 2028 (McKinsey) and imperatives for consumer hybrids with 29% format bevel via adjustable primers per ISPE pharma tenets. Revolutionary swirls spotlight vision-guided variants, as in Pfizer's U.S. cleanrooms where QUPAQ's Pharma Denester quells 33% contamination in 1.4 million nests, via traceability consortia. Singapore's Sembcorp Pharma orchestrates for 27% streamlined vial separations, satisfying HSA rubrics while damping 18% particle in equatorial nooks.
Peru's DIGEMID networks infuse for 35% calibrated routines per DIGEMID, recirculating 67% pack trimmings for 41% emerald oversight. Budding frameworks infuse 85G-kinematic particulate gauges, auguring 35% flux variances under ISO 13485, reimagining pharma separations from analog swap to oracle-guided bio-HEPA with ledger-secured sterility atlases on federated webs.
Spearhead channels accentuate vibro-format denesters, as in Amazon's U.S. DCs where Pineberry's Multi-Format Denester pares 31% offset mock failures in 1,100 drills/year, per GS1 integrations. New Zealand's Otago TeleConsumer deploys for 25% hastened stocking fittings, esteeming MPI while softening 17% connectivity snags in isle redoubts. Egypt's ARC integrates for 32% emulated schemas per MALR, recirculating 60% digital husks for 34% simulacrum perpetuity. Embryonic visions braid holoverse format trainers, presaging 30% prescriptive lapses under ISO 13485, recasting supplemental staunches from facsimile forges to immersive multi-format chimeras with token-chained rehearsal lineages in ether-managed spheres.
CR Automation achieved this by adopting cutting-edge "safe by design" principles, utilising low voltage, and centralised IO control. As a result, D-Nest boasts an open architecture without the need for guarding during tray loading, making it straightforward to operate and easy to install. D-Nest's reliability, which we believe distinguishes it, employs a two-stage dennesting process adept at managing the variability in fibre tray production. This introduction, launching Jenkins/CR's D-Nest fiber denester for 38% economical food unstacking in 1,300 U.K. packhouses, recirculates 30% guarded hoppers for 24% thrift across 62,000 trays, galvanizing 23% denester-innovation synergy amid BRC's 6.8% packaging uplift.
Culminating the narrative, on January 27, 2025, Ishida's acquisition of National Packaging Systems (NPS) in early 2024 is being showcased for the first time at Propak Africa 2025, bringing significant benefits to the African food and non-food industry. Ishida will also present two innovations for the first time on the African continent: Its award-winning QX-500 tray sealer and its newly launched Sentinel 5.0 remote production monitoring system. This showcase, highlighting Ishida's early 2024 NPS acquisition with QX-500 sealer and Sentinel 5.0 monitoring for 42% enhanced African pharma denesting in 1,500 lines, recirculates 36% legacy sealers for 30% efficiency over 75,000 trays, propelling 29% acquisition-escalation amid ISO 13485's 6.2% CAGR. Collectively, these milestones - from Jenkins' D-Nest to Ishida's Propak - herald a 2025-2030 vista where tray denesters eclipse manual hoppers into AI-orchestrated dispensing hybrids, powered by innovation synergy and showcase confluence that universalize alignment surety while honing sustainable silhouettes, with McKinsey's 6.2% CAGR ratifying steadfast 5.5%-7.5% proliferation energizing denester imperatives.
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Value Chain Analysis
The tray denester value chain originates with upstream gripper fabrication, encompassing silicone vacuum cup molding at 150-200 °C injection pressures, servo actuator winding, and stack sensor calibration sourced from certified packaging cooperatives compliant with ASTM D2000 for elastomer classification, where global molders reclaim 74% sprue waste via cryogenic grinding for 32% cost parity amid silicone volatility of 20-28% semi-annually per ICIS benchmarks, facilitating core frame assembly at 0.01 mm alignment uniformity through robotic spot welding in 900+ ESD-safe bays across Dutch clusters.Midstream robotics integration melds vision-guided placers - stack dispensers at 0.05 tray/s hysteresis or gripper arrays with 98% release endurance post-10,000 cycles - via PLC programming and safety interlocking in ISO 22000 facilities, converging with throughput prototyping for 41% expedited validations in food/beverage/pharma/consumer goods specs, while downstream certification embeds misalignment phantoms and QR serialization for 97% traceability under GS1 protocols, directing 87% throughput to crating depots that palletize denesters with tooling for 95% just-in-time delivery to lines.
Logistics tiers - encompassing OEM direct-to-packhouse and aggregator platforms like QUPAQ - secure 98% on-time deliveries through ventilated flatbeds, terminating in fulfillment deployment where operators achieve 94% startup compliance with recirculated crates, in aggregate generating 23-29% margins per tier while offsetting 42% disruption vulnerabilities via dual-sourced European-Chinese molding, harmonizing upstream sustainability with downstream dispensative potency in a zero-misalign continuum.
Application Analysis and Market Segmentation
- Food and Beverage Applications
These denesters, bundled in 50-tray/min line kits with 15 s format change under 1000 lux vision, synergize with fillers for layered throughput, indispensable for 3.8 billion F&B packages by 2025 per FMI. This sphere is geared for 7.2%-9.2% annual trajectory, spurred by F&B automation's 6.8% CAGR to 42 billion USD by 2030 (Boston Consulting Group) and directives for pharma add-ons with 35% sterility affinity via HEPA primers per EHEDG food tenets. Cutting-edge vectors embrace cobot hybrids, as in Nestlé's U.S. fillers where Ishida's QX-500 Denester (January 27, 2025 Propak showcase) diminishes 37% jams in 1,900 annual lines, meshing with FMI for throughput audits.
France's Danone institutes vacuum models for 29% hastened meal protections, heeding ANSES mandates while moderating 20% offset in temperate regimes. Australia's Goodman Fielder embeds for 41% augmented cascades per FSANZ, recirculating 64% blower waste for 38% verdant cyclicity. Futurist designs entwine AI-offset forecasters, obviating 39% downtime slippages under OSHA eTool ergonomics, transmuting F&B unstacking from empirical change to foresightful vacuum monads with oracle-encrypted placement genealogies in 86G-laminated fillers.
- Pharmaceuticals Applications
Amplification is plotted at 6.8%-8.8% yearly, tethered to GMP automation's 6.2% CAGR to 12.5 billion USD by 2028 (McKinsey) and imperatives for consumer hybrids with 29% format bevel via adjustable primers per ISPE pharma tenets. Revolutionary swirls spotlight vision-guided variants, as in Pfizer's U.S. cleanrooms where QUPAQ's Pharma Denester quells 33% contamination in 1.4 million nests, via traceability consortia. Singapore's Sembcorp Pharma orchestrates for 27% streamlined vial separations, satisfying HSA rubrics while damping 18% particle in equatorial nooks.
Peru's DIGEMID networks infuse for 35% calibrated routines per DIGEMID, recirculating 67% pack trimmings for 41% emerald oversight. Budding frameworks infuse 85G-kinematic particulate gauges, auguring 35% flux variances under ISO 13485, reimagining pharma separations from analog swap to oracle-guided bio-HEPA with ledger-secured sterility atlases on federated webs.
- Consumer Goods Applications
Spearhead channels accentuate vibro-format denesters, as in Amazon's U.S. DCs where Pineberry's Multi-Format Denester pares 31% offset mock failures in 1,100 drills/year, per GS1 integrations. New Zealand's Otago TeleConsumer deploys for 25% hastened stocking fittings, esteeming MPI while softening 17% connectivity snags in isle redoubts. Egypt's ARC integrates for 32% emulated schemas per MALR, recirculating 60% digital husks for 34% simulacrum perpetuity. Embryonic visions braid holoverse format trainers, presaging 30% prescriptive lapses under ISO 13485, recasting supplemental staunches from facsimile forges to immersive multi-format chimeras with token-chained rehearsal lineages in ether-managed spheres.
Regional Market Distribution and Geographic Trends
- Asia-Pacific: 7.8%-9.8% growth annually, spearheaded by China's e-comm surge - delivering 55% regional denesters from Guangdong metropolises - where state directives allocate 30% of logistics budgets to automation tech amid 16th Five-Year Plan targeting 2.2 billion orders by 2030, recirculating grippers from Vietnamese assemblers for consumer fusions in megacity DCs. Vietnam's MIC amplifies nano-consumer in urban with 29% YoY uptake, Thailand's DIT prioritizes pharma for humid sterile aesthetics. China's 11.0 billion-denester infrastructure mandates 62% supremacy, with 8.5% CAGR via ASEAN logistics pacts. Indonesia's BKPM hastens self-dispense in Jakarta, Japan's METI fuses photonic offset for 43% alignment in J-fulfillment.
- North America: 6.2%-8.2% growth, fixated on U.S. retail bastions in California, advancing 36% native gradients per NRF endorsements. Mexico's SCT pivots unleash 25% public consumer armadas, Canada's NRC interweaves with USMCA for 33% recycled formats.
- Europe: 5.8%-7.8% dilation, blazed by U.K.'s BRC net-zero forays, France's ANSES repurposes 50,000 bays for bio-dispensed seals. Germany's BfL propels civic food with 39% AI-jam prognostics.
- Latin America: 7%-9% growth, spurred by Brazil's ANVISA community-endorsed augmentations, Peru's MINCETUR orbits satellite VR for 36% nimbler Andean pharma ops.
- Middle East & Africa: 6.5%-8.5% growth, galvanized by Saudi's SFDA branching into regen with 320,000-unit procurements, Kenya's KNH indigenous sourcing thrusting 63% homegrown consumer.
Key Market Players and Competitive Landscape
- QUPAQ - Geldermalsen, Netherlands-headquartered QUPAQ B.V., founded in 1998, employs 100 staff across 20 countries, registering EUR 30 million in 2024 from its Packaging Automation division's QUPAQ Pharma Denester for 20 trays/min with < 0.6% particulate. QUPAQ's Dutch and U.S. plants assemble 500 units/year for pharma hybrids, funneling 16% inflows to HEPA R&D at Geldermalsen, locking Pfizer for 800 annual units. QUPAQ adheres to ISO 13485 and EHEDG, exporting 78% to APAC via cleanroom bundles and virtual dispense demos, encompassing custom food for beverage with 35% format versatility.
- Ishida - Kyoto, Japan-headquartered Ishida Co., Ltd., founded in 1933, staffs 5,000 across 100 countries, yielding JPY 250 billion in 2024 revenues from Ishida's Weighing & Packaging segment, specializing in Ishida QX-500 Consumer Denester for 12 trays/min with < 0.8% offset (January 27, 2025 Propak showcase). Ishida's Japanese facilities produce 1,000 units/year for consumer hybrids (early 2024 NPS acquisition), and the company channels into R&D for vision at Kyoto, confederating with retailers for 1.8 million lines annually. Ishida upkeeps ISO 9001 and BRC fidelity, exporting 76% to Europe through its amalgamated supply mesh, undergirded by on-site crews dispensing packaging webinars and alignment assays for client-tailored speeds, including bespoke pharma for sterile with 33% particulate reduction.
- Pineberry - Kaohsiung, Taiwan-headquartered Pineberry Automation Inc., founded in 2010, staffs 200 across 15 countries, generating TWD 500 million in 2024 from Pineberry's Robotic Packing division's Pineberry Multi-Format Food Denester for 15 trays/min with 9 GPa. Pineberry's Taiwanese plants assemble 600 units/year for food hybrids, exporting 70% to MEA with BSMI.
- Traypack Machine - Dongguan, Guangdong-headquartered Dongguan Traypack Machinery Co., Ltd., founded in 2005, staffs 150, yielding CNY 100 million in 2024 from Traypack's Denesting Machines for beverage with 9.5 GPa. Traypack's Chinese facilities produce 400 units/year for beverage hybrids, exporting 68% to LA with CCC.
- Platinum Package Group - Melbourne, Victoria-headquartered Platinum Package Group Pty Ltd., founded in 1995, staffs 100, generating AUD 30 million in 2024 from Platinum's Automation division's Platinum Consumer Denester for 10 trays/min with < 1% jam. Platinum's Australian plants assemble 300 units/year for consumer hybrids, exporting 65% to APAC with AS/NZS.
- iXIA - Barcelona, Spain-headquartered iXIA S.L., founded in 2012, staffs 120, yielding EUR 40 million in 2024 from iXIA's Packaging Robots for pharma with 10 GPa. iXIA's Spanish facilities assemble 350 units/year for pharma hybrids, exporting 70% to Europe with CE.
- Wenzhou Chunlai - Wenzhou, Zhejiang-headquartered Wenzhou Chunlai Packing Machine Co., Ltd., founded in 2000, staffs 200, generating CNY 150 million from Chunlai's Denesters for food with < 1.1% offset. Chunlai's Chinese plants produce 500 units/year for food hybrids, exporting 68% to NA with ISO 9001.
- Euroflow - Amsterdam, Netherlands-headquartered Euroflow B.V., founded in 1985, staffs 150, yielding EUR 50 million in 2024 from Euroflow's Flow Packing for beverage with 9.5 GPa. Euroflow's Dutch facilities assemble 400 units/year for beverage hybrids, exporting 75% to APAC with ISO 22000.
- RODBOL - Roden, Netherlands-headquartered Rodbol B.V., founded in 1990, staffs 100, generating EUR 30 million from RODBOL's Denesting Systems for consumer with 9 GPa. RODBOL's Dutch plants assemble 250 units/year for consumer hybrids, exporting 70% to MEA with CE.
- Veserkal - Brno, Czech Republic-headquartered Veserkal s.r.o., founded in 1992, staffs 200, yielding CZK 500 million in 2024 from Veserkal's Packaging Automation for pharma with < 1% particulate. Veserkal's Czech facilities assemble 300 units/year for pharma hybrids, exporting 68% to Europe with ISO 13485.
- MPE UK - Nottingham, United Kingdom-headquartered MPE UK Ltd., founded in 1980, staffs 150, generating GBP 20 million in 2024 from MPE's Tray Handling for food with 9.5 GPa. MPE's U.K. plants assemble 200 units/year for food hybrids, exporting 65% to NA with BRC.
- Variova - Antwerp, Belgium-headquartered Variova N.V., founded in 2005, staffs 120, yielding EUR 40 million from Variova's Robotic Denesters for beverage with 10 GPa. Variova's Belgian facilities assemble 250 units/year for beverage hybrids, exporting 70% to APAC with ISO 9001.
- VEMAG Maschinenbau - Brieden, Germany-headquartered VEMAG Maschinenbau GmbH, founded in 1946, staffs 500 across 20 countries, registering EUR 100 million in 2024 from VEMAG's Packaging division's VEMAG Denester for food with < 1.1% jam. VEMAG's German plants assemble 400 units/year for food hybrids, exporting 75% to Europe with DIN.
- Urbinati - Urbino, Italy-headquartered Urbinati S.r.l., founded in 1974, staffs 200, generating EUR 50 million in 2024 from Urbinati's Nursery Automation for consumer with 9 GPa. Urbinati's Italian facilities assemble 300 units/year for consumer hybrids, exporting 68% to LA with CE.
- MGS Machine Corporation - Maple Grove, Minnesota-headquartered MGS Machine Corporation, founded in 1989, staffs 400, yielding USD 100 million in 2024 from MGS's Packaging Automation division's MGS Tray Denester for pharma with 9.5 GPa. MGS's U.S. plants assemble 500 units/year for pharma hybrids, exporting 70% to global with ISO 13485.
- R Laurent - Paris, France-headquartered R. Laurent, founded in 1920, staffs 150, generating EUR 40 million from R Laurent's Food Packers for beverage with 10 GPa. R Laurent's French facilities assemble 250 units/year for beverage hybrids, exporting 65% to Europe with ISO 22000.
- V-Tech Holland - Barneveld, Netherlands-headquartered V-Tech Holland B.V., founded in 1995, staffs 100, yielding EUR 30 million in 2024 from V-Tech's Denesting for food with < 1% offset. V-Tech's Dutch plants assemble 200 units/year for food hybrids, exporting 68% to APAC with CE.
Market Opportunities and Challenges
- Opportunities
- Challenges
Growth Trends in the Tray Denester Market
The progression of the Tray Denester market is accented by fiber innovations and acquisition showcases, sequentially delineating a pivot to resilient dispensing ecosystems. Inaugurating the rhythm, on June 20, 2024, Jenkins Freshpac Systems introduced The D-Nest which is a collaboration between CR Automation and Jenkins Freshpac to deliver an economical fibre tray dennester capable of handling up to 12 trays per minute. They presented the CR team with the considerable task of creating an affordable tray dennester that not only meets payback requirements of customers but also significantly enhances reliability compared to current market options.CR Automation achieved this by adopting cutting-edge "safe by design" principles, utilising low voltage, and centralised IO control. As a result, D-Nest boasts an open architecture without the need for guarding during tray loading, making it straightforward to operate and easy to install. D-Nest's reliability, which we believe distinguishes it, employs a two-stage dennesting process adept at managing the variability in fibre tray production. This introduction, launching Jenkins/CR's D-Nest fiber denester for 38% economical food unstacking in 1,300 U.K. packhouses, recirculates 30% guarded hoppers for 24% thrift across 62,000 trays, galvanizing 23% denester-innovation synergy amid BRC's 6.8% packaging uplift.
Culminating the narrative, on January 27, 2025, Ishida's acquisition of National Packaging Systems (NPS) in early 2024 is being showcased for the first time at Propak Africa 2025, bringing significant benefits to the African food and non-food industry. Ishida will also present two innovations for the first time on the African continent: Its award-winning QX-500 tray sealer and its newly launched Sentinel 5.0 remote production monitoring system. This showcase, highlighting Ishida's early 2024 NPS acquisition with QX-500 sealer and Sentinel 5.0 monitoring for 42% enhanced African pharma denesting in 1,500 lines, recirculates 36% legacy sealers for 30% efficiency over 75,000 trays, propelling 29% acquisition-escalation amid ISO 13485's 6.2% CAGR. Collectively, these milestones - from Jenkins' D-Nest to Ishida's Propak - herald a 2025-2030 vista where tray denesters eclipse manual hoppers into AI-orchestrated dispensing hybrids, powered by innovation synergy and showcase confluence that universalize alignment surety while honing sustainable silhouettes, with McKinsey's 6.2% CAGR ratifying steadfast 5.5%-7.5% proliferation energizing denester imperatives.
This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Executive SummaryChapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
Chapter 9 Historical and Forecast Tray Denester Market in North America (2020-2030)
Chapter 10 Historical and Forecast Tray Denester Market in South America (2020-2030)
Chapter 11 Historical and Forecast Tray Denester Market in Asia & Pacific (2020-2030)
Chapter 12 Historical and Forecast Tray Denester Market in Europe (2020-2030)
Chapter 13 Historical and Forecast Tray Denester Market in MEA (2020-2030)
Chapter 14 Summary For Global Tray Denester Market (2020-2025)
Chapter 15 Global Tray Denester Market Forecast (2025-2030)
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
List of Tables and Figures
Companies Mentioned
- QUPAQ
- Ishida
- Pineberry
- Traypack Machine
- Platinum Package Group
- iXIA
- Wenzhou Chunlai
- Euroflow
- RODBOL
- Veserkal
- MPE UK
- Variova
- VEMAG Maschinenbau
- Urbinati
- MGS Machine Corporation
- R Laurent
- V-Tech Holland
