The Global White Biotechnology Market 2025-2035

1.1 Biotechnology "colours"
1.2 Definition
1.3 Comparison with conventional processes
1.4 Markets and applications
1.5 Advantages
1.6 Sustainability
1.7 White Biotechnology for the Circular Economy
1.7.1 Agricultural Waste
1.7.2 Forestry and Paper Waste
1.7.3 Gas Fermentation
1.7.4 Plastics Upcycling
1.7.5 Wastewater Valorization

2.1 Production hosts
2.1.1 Bacteria
2.1.2 Yeast
2.1.3 Fungi
2.1.4 Marine
2.1.5 Enzymes
2.1.6 Photosynthetic organisms
2.2 Biomanufacturing processes
2.2.1 Batch biomanufacturing
2.2.2 Continuous biomanufacturing
2.2.3 Cell factories for biomanufacturing
2.2.4 Machine learning
2.2.5 Downstream processing
2.2.6 Process intensification and high-cell-density fermentation
2.3 Synthetic Biology
2.3.1 Technology Overview
2.3.2 Synthetic biology applied to white biotechnology
2.3.3 Metabolic engineering
2.3.3.1 DNA synthesis
2.3.3.2 CRISPR
2.3.3.2.1 CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways
2.3.4 Protein/Enzyme Engineering
2.3.5 Strain construction and optimization
2.3.6 Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering
2.3.7 Smart bioprocessing
2.3.8 Cell-free systems
2.3.9 Chassis organisms
2.3.10 Biomimetics
2.3.11 Sustainable materials
2.3.12 Robotics and automation
2.3.12.1 Robotic cloud laboratories
2.3.12.2 Automating organism design
2.3.12.3 Artificial intelligence and machine learning
2.3.13 Fermentation Processes
2.4 Generative Biology
2.4.1 Generative Models
2.4.2 Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
2.4.2.1 Variational Autoencoders (VAEs)
2.4.2.2 Normalizing Flows
2.4.2.3 Autoregressive Models
2.4.2.4 Evolutionary Generative Models
2.4.3 Design Optimization
2.4.3.1 Evolutionary Algorithms (e.g., Genetic Algorithms, Evolutionary Strategies)
2.4.3.1.1 Genetic Algorithms (GAs)
2.4.3.1.2 Evolutionary Strategies (ES)
2.4.3.2 Reinforcement Learning
2.4.3.3 Multi-Objective Optimization
2.4.3.4 Bayesian Optimization
2.4.4 Computational Biology
2.4.4.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulations
2.4.4.2 Quantum Mechanical Calculations
2.4.4.3 Systems Biology Modeling
2.4.4.4 Metabolic Engineering Modeling
2.4.5 Data-Driven Approaches
2.4.5.1 Machine Learning
2.4.5.2 Graph Neural Networks
2.4.5.3 Unsupervised Learning
2.4.5.4 Active Learning and Bayesian Optimization
2.4.6 Agent-Based Modeling
2.4.7 Hybrid Approaches
2.5 Feedstocks
2.5.1 C1 feedstocks
2.5.1.1 Advantages
2.5.1.2 Pathways
2.5.1.3 Challenges
2.5.1.4 Non-methane C1 feedstocks
2.5.1.5 Gas fermentation
2.5.2 C2 feedstocks
2.5.3 Biological conversion of CO2
2.5.4 Food processing wastes
2.5.5 Lignocellulosic biomass
2.5.6 Methane
2.5.7 Municipal solid wastes
2.5.8 Plastic wastes
2.5.9 Plant oils
2.5.10 Starch
2.5.11 Sugars
2.5.12 Used cooking oils
2.5.13 Carbon capture
2.5.14 Green hydrogen production
2.5.15 Blue hydrogen production
2.6 Blue biotechnology (Marine biotechnology)
2.6.1 Cyanobacteria
2.6.2 Macroalgae
2.6.3 Companies

3.1 Market trends
3.1.1 Demand for biobased products
3.1.2 Government regulation
3.1.3 Costs
3.1.4 Carbon taxes
3.2 Industry challenges and constraints
3.2.1 Technical challenges
3.2.2 Costs
3.3 White biotechnology in the bioeconomy
3.4 SWOT analysis
3.5 Market map
3.6 Key market players and competitive landscape
3.7 Regulations
3.7.1 United States
3.7.2 European Union
3.7.3 International
3.7.4 Specific Regulations and Guidelines
3.8 Main end-use markets
3.8.1 Biofuels
3.8.1.1 Market supply chain
3.8.1.2 Solid Biofuels
3.8.1.3 Liquid Biofuels
3.8.1.4 Gaseous Biofuels
3.8.1.5 Conventional Biofuels
3.8.1.6 Next-generation Biofuels
3.8.1.7 Feedstocks
3.8.1.7.1 First-generation (1-G)
3.8.1.7.2 Second-generation (2-G)
3.8.1.7.2.1 Lignocellulosic wastes and residues
3.8.1.7.2.2 Biorefinery lignin
3.8.1.7.3 Third-generation (3-G)
3.8.1.7.3.1 Algal biofuels
3.8.1.7.3.1.1 Properties
3.8.1.7.3.1.2 Advantages
3.8.1.7.4 Fourth-generation (4-G)
3.8.1.7.5 Energy crops
3.8.1.7.6 Agricultural residues
3.8.1.7.7 Manure, sewage sludge and organic waste
3.8.1.7.8 Forestry and wood waste
3.8.1.7.9 Feedstock costs
3.8.1.8 Bioethanol
3.8.1.8.1 Ethanol to jet fuel technology
3.8.1.8.2 Methanol from pulp & paper production
3.8.1.8.3 Sulfite spent liquor fermentation
3.8.1.8.4 Gasification
3.8.1.8.4.1 Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
3.8.1.8.4.2 Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
3.8.1.8.5 CO2 capture and alcohol synthesis
3.8.1.8.6 Biomass hydrolysis and fermentation
3.8.1.8.7 Separate hydrolysis and fermentation
3.8.1.8.7.1 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
3.8.1.8.7.2 Pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF)
3.8.1.8.7.3 Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)
3.8.1.8.7.4 Direct conversion (consolidated bioprocessing) (CBP)
3.8.1.9 Biodiesel
3.8.1.10 Biogas
3.8.1.10.1 Biomethane
3.8.1.10.2 Feedstocks
3.8.1.10.3 Anaerobic digestion
3.8.1.11 Renewable diesel
3.8.1.12 Biojet fuel
3.8.1.13 Algal biofuels (blue biotech)
3.8.1.13.1 Conversion pathways
3.8.1.13.2 Market challenges
3.8.1.13.3 Prices
3.8.1.13.4 Producers
3.8.1.14 Biohydrogen
3.8.1.14.1 Biological Conversion Routes
3.8.1.14.1.1 Bio-photochemical Reaction
3.8.1.14.1.2 Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion
3.8.1.15 Biobutanol
3.8.1.16 Bio-based methanol
3.8.1.16.1 Anaerobic digestion
3.8.1.16.2 Biomass gasification
3.8.1.16.3 Power to Methane
3.8.1.17 Bioisoprene
3.8.1.18 Fatty Acid Esters
3.8.2 Bio-based chemicals
3.8.2.1 Market supply chain
3.8.2.2 Acetic acid
3.8.2.3 Adipic acid
3.8.2.4 Aldehydes
3.8.2.5 Acrylic acid
3.8.2.6 Bacterial cellulose
3.8.2.7 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)
3.8.2.8 Bio-DME
3.8.2.9 Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)
3.8.2.10 Ethylene
3.8.2.11 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP)
3.8.2.12 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO)
3.8.2.13 Itaconic acid
3.8.2.14 Lactic acid (D-LA)
3.8.2.15 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5)
3.8.2.16 Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
3.8.2.17 Malonic acid
3.8.2.18 Monoethylene glycol (MEG)
3.8.2.19 Propylene
3.8.2.20 Succinic acid (SA)
3.8.2.21 Triglycerides
3.8.2.22 Enzymes
3.8.2.23 Vitamins
3.8.2.24 Antibiotics
3.8.3 Bioplastics and Biopolymers
3.8.3.1 Bioplastics via white biotechnology
3.8.3.2 Biobased polymers from monosaccharides
3.8.3.3 Market supply chain
3.8.3.4 Polylactic acid (PLA)
3.8.3.5 PHAs
3.8.3.5.1 Types
3.8.3.5.1.1 PHB
3.8.3.5.1.2 PHBV
3.8.3.5.2 Synthesis and production processes
3.8.3.5.3 Commercially available PHAs
3.8.3.6 Bio-PET
3.8.3.7 Starch blends
3.8.3.8 Protein-based bioplastics
3.8.4 Bioremediation
3.8.5 Biocatalysis
3.8.5.1 Biotransformations
3.8.5.2 Cascade biocatalysis
3.8.5.3 Co-factor recycling
3.8.5.4 Immobilization
3.8.6 Food and Nutraceutical Ingredients
3.8.6.1 Market supply chain
3.8.6.2 Alternative Proteins
3.8.6.3 Natural Sweeteners
3.8.6.4 Natural Flavors and Fragrances
3.8.6.5 Texturants and Thickeners
3.8.6.6 Nutraceuticals and Supplements
3.8.7 Agricultural biotechnology
3.8.7.1 Market supply chain
3.8.7.2 Biofertilizers
3.8.7.2.1 Overview
3.8.7.2.2 Companies
3.8.7.3 Biopesticides
3.8.7.3.1 Overview
3.8.7.3.2 Companies
3.8.7.4 Biostimulants
3.8.7.4.1 Overview
3.8.7.4.2 Companies
3.8.7.5 Crop Biotechnology
3.8.7.5.1 Genetic engineering
3.8.7.5.2 Genome editing
3.8.7.5.3 Companies
3.8.8 Textiles
3.8.8.1 Market supply chain
3.8.8.2 Bio-Based Fibers
3.8.8.2.1 Lyocell
3.8.8.2.2 Bacterial cellulose
3.8.8.2.3 Algae textiles
3.8.8.3 Spider silk
3.8.8.4 Collagen-derived textiles
3.8.8.5 Recombinant Materials
3.8.8.6 Sustainable Processing
3.8.9 Consumer goods
3.8.9.1 Market supply chain
3.8.9.2 White biotechnology in consumer goods
3.8.10 Biopharmaceuticals
3.8.10.1 Market supply chain
3.8.10.2 Market overview for white biotechnology
3.8.11 Cosmetics
3.8.11.1 Market supply chain
3.8.11.2 Market overview for white biotechnology
3.8.12 Surfactants and detergents
3.8.12.1 Market supply chain
3.8.12.2 Market overview for white biotechnology
3.8.13 Construction materials
3.8.13.1 Market supply chain
3.8.13.2 Biocement
3.8.13.3 Mycelium materials
3.9 Global market revenues 2018-2035
3.9.1 By molecule
3.9.2 By market
3.9.3 By region
3.10 Market Outlook

5 APPENDIX
5.1 Research methodology
5.2 Acronyms
5.3 Glossary of Terms

Table 1. Biotechnology "colours"
Table 2. Differences between white biotechnology and conventional processes
Table 3. Application areas for white biotechnology
Table 4. Advantages of white biotechnology
Table 5. Routes for carbon capture in white biotechnology
Table 6. Molecules produced through industrial biomanufacturing
Table 7. Commonly used bacterial hosts for white biotechnology production
Table 8. Commonly used yeast hosts for white biotech production
Table 9. Examples of fungal hosts used in white biotechnology processes
Table 10. Examples of marine organisms as hosts for white biotechnology applications
Table 11. Common microbial hosts used for enzyme production in white biotechnology
Table 12. Photosynthetic microorganisms used as production hosts in white biotechnology
Table 13. Biomanufacturing processes utilized in white biotechnology
Table 14. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing
Table 15. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes
Table 16. Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing
Table 17. Core stages - Design, Build and Test
Table 18. Products and applications enabled by synthetic biology
Table 19. Engineered proteins in industrial applications
Table 20. Cell-free versus cell-based systems
Table 21.Companies developing cell-free systems for white biotechnology
Table 22. White biotechnology fermentation processes
Table 23. Alternative feedstocks for white biotechnology
Table 24. Products from C1 feedstocks in white biotechnology
Table 25. C2 Feedstock Products
Table 26. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
Table 27. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers
Table 28. Common starch sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals
Table 29. Routes for carbon capture in white biotechnology
Table 30. Biomass processes summary, process description and TRL
Table 31. Pathways for hydrogen production from biomass
Table 32. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size
Table 33. Blue biotechnology companies
Table 34. Market trends and drivers in white biotechnology
Table 35. Industry challenges and restraints in white biotechnology
Table 36. White biotechnology key application sectors and products
Table 37. Comparison of biofuels
Table 38. Categories and examples of solid biofuel
Table 39. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity
Table 40. Classification of biomass feedstock
Table 41. Biorefinery feedstocks
Table 42. Feedstock conversion pathways
Table 43. First-Generation Feedstocks
Table 44. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities
Table 45. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins
Table 46. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes
Table 47. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol
Table 48. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae
Table 49. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops
Table 50. Processes in bioethanol production
Table 51. Microorganisms used in CBP for ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic
Table 52. Biodiesel by generation
Table 53. Biodiesel production techniques
Table 54. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process
Table 55. Biogas feedstocks
Table 56. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel
Table 57. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel
Table 58. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities
Table 59. Algae-derived biofuel producers
Table 60. Markets and applications for biohydrogen
Table 61. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways
Table 62. Properties of petrol and biobutanol
Table 63. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas
Table 64. Applications of bio-based caprolactam
Table 65. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid
Table 66. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)
Table 67. Applications of bio-based ethylene
Table 68. Biobased feedstock sources for 3-HP
Table 69. Applications of 3-HP
Table 70. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO)
Table 71. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid
Table 72. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid
Table 73. Biobased feedstocks that can be used to produce 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5)
Table 74. Applications of DN5
Table 75. Applications of bio-based Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
Table 76. Markets and applications for malonic acid
Table 77. Biobased feedstock sources for MEG
Table 78. Applications of bio-based MEG
Table 79. Applications of bio-based propylene
Table 80. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid
Table 81. Applications of succinic acid
Table 82. Bioplastics and polymer precursors synthesized via white biotechnology
Table 83. Bioplastics and bioplastic precursors synthesized via white biotechnology processes
Table 84. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications
Table 85. PLA producers and production capacities
Table 86.Types of PHAs and properties
Table 87. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers
Table 88. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods
Table 89. Commercially available PHAs
Table 90. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies
Table 91. Applications of white biotechnology in bioremediation and environmental remediation
Table 92. Companies developing fermentation-derived food
Table 93. Biofertilizer companies
Table 94. Biopesticides companies
Table 95. Biostimulants companies
Table 96. Crop biotechnology companies
Table 97. White biotechnology applications in consumer goods
Table 98. Pharmaceutical applications of white biotechnology
Table 99. Applications of white biotechnology in the cosmetics industry
Table 100. Sustainable biomanufacturing of surfactants and detergents
Table 101. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by molecule, 2018-2035 (Billion USD)
Table 102. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by market, 2018-2035 (Billion USD)
Table 103. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by region, 2018-2035 (Billion USD)
Table 104. White biotechnology Glossary of Acronyms
Table 105. White biotechnology Glossary of Terms

Figure 1. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing
Figure 2. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering
Figure 3. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems
Figure 4. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis
Figure 5. The design-make-test-learn loop of generative biology
Figure 6. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process
Figure 7. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels
Figure 8. Overview of biogas utilization
Figure 9. Biogas and biomethane pathways
Figure 10. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production
Figure 11. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix
Figure 12. SWOT analysis: white biotechnology
Figure 13. Market map: white biotechnology
Figure 14. Biofuels market supply chain
Figure 15. Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals
Figure 16. Hydrolytic lignin powder
Figure 17. Range of biomass cost by feedstock type
Figure 18. Overview of biogas utilization
Figure 19. Biogas and biomethane pathways
Figure 20. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production
Figure 21. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production
Figure 22. Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels
Figure 23. Biobutanol production route
Figure 24. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks
Figure 25. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading
Figure 26. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation
Figure 27. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process
Figure 28. Bio-based chemicals market supply chain
Figure 29. Overview of Toray process
Figure 30. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes
Figure 31. Bioplastics and biopolymers market supply chain
Figure 32. PHA family
Figure 33. Food and Nutraceutical Ingredients market supply chain
Figure 34. Agricultural biotechnology market supply chain
Figure 35. Bio-textiles market supply chain
Figure 36. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel
Figure 37. Biobased consumer goods market supply chain
Figure 38. Biopharmaceuticals market supply chain
Figure 39. Biobased cosmetics market supply chain
Figure 40. Surfactants and detergents market supply chain
Figure 41. Biobased construction materials market supply chain
Figure 42. BioMason cement
Figure 43. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc
Figure 44. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam
Figure 45. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials
Figure 46. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by market, 2018-2035 (Billion USD)
Figure 47. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by region, 2018-2035 (Billion USD)
Figure 48. Algiknit yarn
Figure 49. ALGIECEL PhotoBioReactor
Figure 50. Jelly-like seaweed-based nanocellulose hydrogel
Figure 51. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA
Figure 52. Domsjö process
Figure 53. Mushroom leather
Figure 54. PHA production process
Figure 55. Light Bio Bioluminescent plants
Figure 56. Lignin gel
Figure 57. BioFlex process
Figure 58. TransLeather
Figure 59. Reishi
Figure 60. Compostable water pod
Figure 61. Precision Photosynthesis™ technology
Figure 62. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process
Figure 63. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk
Figure 64. Lyocell process
Figure 65. Spider silk production
Figure 66. Corbion FDCA production process
Figure 67. UPM biorefinery process
Figure 68. The Proesa® Process
Figure 69. XtalPi’s automated and robot-run workstations