CHAPTER 5: ENDOSCOPIC SPINAL SURGERY MARKET, BY PROCEDURE TYPE
5.1. Overview
5.1.1. Market size and forecast
5.2. Transforaminal Endoscopic Procedures
5.2.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
5.2.2. Market size and forecast, by region
5.2.3. Market share analysis by country
5.3. Interlaminar Endoscopic Procedures
5.3.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
5.3.2. Market size and forecast, by region
5.3.3. Market share analysis by country
5.4. Endoscopic Posterior Foraminotomy and Cervical Discectomy
5.4.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
5.4.2. Market size and forecast, by region
5.4.3. Market share analysis by country
5.5. Endoscopic Visualized Rhizotomy
5.5.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
5.5.2. Market size and forecast, by region
5.5.3. Market share analysis by country
CHAPTER 6: ENDOSCOPIC SPINAL SURGERY MARKET, BY END USER
6.1. Overview
6.1.1. Market size and forecast
6.2. Hospital and Clinics
6.2.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
6.2.2. Market size and forecast, by region
6.2.3. Market share analysis by country
6.3. Ambulatory Surgical Centers
6.3.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
6.3.2. Market size and forecast, by region
6.3.3. Market share analysis by country
6.4. Others
6.4.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
6.4.2. Market size and forecast, by region
6.4.3. Market share analysis by country
CHAPTER 7: ENDOSCOPIC SPINAL SURGERY MARKET, BY REGION
7.1. Overview
7.1.1. Market size and forecast By Region
7.2. North America
7.2.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
7.2.2. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.2.3. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.2.4. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.2.5. Market size and forecast, by country
7.2.5.1. U.S.
7.2.5.1.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.2.5.1.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.2.5.1.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.2.5.2. Canada
7.2.5.2.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.2.5.2.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.2.5.2.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.2.5.3. Mexico
7.2.5.3.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.2.5.3.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.2.5.3.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.3. Europe
7.3.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
7.3.2. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.3.3. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.3.4. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.3.5. Market size and forecast, by country
7.3.5.1. Germany
7.3.5.1.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.3.5.1.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.3.5.1.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.3.5.2. France
7.3.5.2.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.3.5.2.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.3.5.2.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.3.5.3. UK
7.3.5.3.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.3.5.3.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.3.5.3.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.3.5.4. Italy
7.3.5.4.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.3.5.4.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.3.5.4.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.3.5.5. Spain
7.3.5.5.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.3.5.5.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.3.5.5.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.3.5.6. Rest of Europe
7.3.5.6.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.3.5.6.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.3.5.6.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.4. Asia-Pacific
7.4.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
7.4.2. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.4.3. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.4.4. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.4.5. Market size and forecast, by country
7.4.5.1. Japan
7.4.5.1.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.4.5.1.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.4.5.1.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.4.5.2. China
7.4.5.2.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.4.5.2.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.4.5.2.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.4.5.3. Australia
7.4.5.3.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.4.5.3.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.4.5.3.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.4.5.4. India
7.4.5.4.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.4.5.4.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.4.5.4.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.4.5.5. South Korea
7.4.5.5.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.4.5.5.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.4.5.5.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.4.5.6. Rest of Asia-Pacific
7.4.5.6.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.4.5.6.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.4.5.6.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.5. LAMEA
7.5.1. Key market trends, growth factors and opportunities
7.5.2. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.5.3. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.5.4. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.5.5. Market size and forecast, by country
7.5.5.1. Brazil
7.5.5.1.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.5.5.1.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.5.5.1.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.5.5.2. Saudi Arabia
7.5.5.2.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.5.5.2.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.5.5.2.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.5.5.3. South Africa
7.5.5.3.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.5.5.3.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.5.5.3.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
7.5.5.4. Rest of LAMEA
7.5.5.4.1. Market size and forecast, by Product Type
7.5.5.4.2. Market size and forecast, by Procedure type
7.5.5.4.3. Market size and forecast, by End User
LIST OF TABLES
Table 01. Global Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 02. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Endoscopes, by Region, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 03. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Endoscopic Devices, by Region, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 04. Global Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 05. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Transforaminal Endoscopic Procedures, by Region, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 06. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Interlaminar Endoscopic Procedures, by Region, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 07. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Endoscopic Posterior Foraminotomy and Cervical Discectomy, by Region, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 08. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Endoscopic Visualized Rhizotomy, by Region, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 09. Global Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 10. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Hospital and Clinics, by Region, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 11. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Ambulatory Surgical Centers, by Region, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 12. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Others, by Region, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 13. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Region, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 14. North America Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 15. North America Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 16. North America Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 17. North America Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Country, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 18. U.S. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 19. U.S. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 20. U.S. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 21. Canada Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 22. Canada Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 23. Canada Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 24. Mexico Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 25. Mexico Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 26. Mexico Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 27. Europe Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 28. Europe Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 29. Europe Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 30. Europe Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Country, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 31. Germany Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 32. Germany Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 33. Germany Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 34. France Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 35. France Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 36. France Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 37. UK Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 38. UK Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 39. UK Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 40. Italy Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 41. Italy Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 42. Italy Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 43. Spain Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 44. Spain Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 45. Spain Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 46. Rest of Europe Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 47. Rest of Europe Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 48. Rest of Europe Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 49. Asia-Pacific Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 50. Asia-Pacific Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 51. Asia-Pacific Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 52. Asia-Pacific Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Country, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 53. Japan Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 54. Japan Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 55. Japan Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 56. China Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 57. China Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 58. China Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 59. Australia Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 60. Australia Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 61. Australia Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 62. India Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 63. India Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 64. India Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 65. South Korea Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 66. South Korea Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 67. South Korea Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 68. Rest of Asia-Pacific Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 69. Rest of Asia-Pacific Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 70. Rest of Asia-Pacific Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 71. LAMEA Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 72. LAMEA Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 73. LAMEA Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 74. LAMEA Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Country, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 75. Brazil Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 76. Brazil Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 77. Brazil Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 78. Saudi Arabia Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 79. Saudi Arabia Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 80. Saudi Arabia Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 81. South Africa Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 82. South Africa Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 83. South Africa Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 84. Rest of LAMEA Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 85. Rest of LAMEA Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 86. Rest of LAMEA Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Table 87. Medtronic plc: Key Executives
Table 88. Medtronic plc: Company Snapshot
Table 89. Medtronic plc: Product Segments
Table 90. Medtronic plc: Product Portfolio
Table 91. Stryker Corporation: Key Executives
Table 92. Stryker Corporation: Company Snapshot
Table 93. Stryker Corporation: Product Segments
Table 94. Stryker Corporation: Product Portfolio
Table 95. Olympus Corporation: Key Executives
Table 96. Olympus Corporation: Company Snapshot
Table 97. Olympus Corporation: Product Segments
Table 98. Olympus Corporation: Product Portfolio
Table 99. Richard Wolf GmbH: Key Executives
Table 100. Richard Wolf GmbH: Company Snapshot
Table 101. Richard Wolf GmbH: Product Segments
Table 102. Richard Wolf GmbH: Product Portfolio
Table 103. Globus Medical Inc: Key Executives
Table 104. Globus Medical Inc: Company Snapshot
Table 105. Globus Medical Inc: Product Segments
Table 106. Globus Medical Inc: Product Portfolio
Table 107. Globus Medical Inc: Key Stratergies
Table 108. Endovision Co., Ltd.: Key Executives
Table 109. Endovision Co., Ltd.: Company Snapshot
Table 110. Endovision Co., Ltd.: Product Segments
Table 111. Endovision Co., Ltd.: Product Portfolio
Table 112. Joimax GmbH: Key Executives
Table 113. Joimax GmbH: Company Snapshot
Table 114. Joimax GmbH: Product Segments
Table 115. Joimax GmbH: Product Portfolio
Table 116. Joimax GmbH: Key Stratergies
Table 117. Highridge Inc.: Key Executives
Table 118. Highridge Inc.: Company Snapshot
Table 119. Highridge Inc.: Product Segments
Table 120. Highridge Inc.: Product Portfolio
Table 121. Highridge Inc.: Key Stratergies
Table 122. Johnson & Johnson: Key Executives
Table 123. Johnson & Johnson: Company Snapshot
Table 124. Johnson & Johnson: Product Segments
Table 125. Johnson & Johnson: Product Portfolio
Table 126. Arthrex, Inc.: Key Executives
Table 127. Arthrex, Inc.: Company Snapshot
Table 128. Arthrex, Inc.: Product Segments
Table 129. Arthrex, Inc.: Product Portfolio
Table 130. Karl Storz GmbH & Co. Kg: Key Executives
Table 131. Karl Storz GmbH & Co. Kg: Company Snapshot
Table 132. Karl Storz GmbH & Co. Kg: Product Segments
Table 133. Karl Storz GmbH & Co. Kg: Product Portfolio
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 01. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035
Figure 02. Segmentation of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market,2023-2035
Figure 03. Top Impacting Factors in Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market (2023 to 2035)
Figure 04. Top Investment Pockets in Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market (2024-2035)
Figure 05. Low Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Figure 06. Low Threat of New Entrants
Figure 07. Low Threat of Substitutes
Figure 08. Low Intensity of Rivalry
Figure 09. Low Bargaining Power of Buyers
Figure 10. Global Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market:Drivers, Restraints and Opportunities
Figure 11. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Product Type, 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 12. Comparative Share Analysis of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Endoscopes, by Country 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 13. Comparative Share Analysis of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Endoscopic Devices, by Country 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 14. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by Procedure Type, 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 15. Comparative Share Analysis of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Transforaminal Endoscopic Procedures, by Country 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 16. Comparative Share Analysis of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Interlaminar Endoscopic Procedures, by Country 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 17. Comparative Share Analysis of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Endoscopic Posterior Foraminotomy and Cervical Discectomy, by Country 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 18. Comparative Share Analysis of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Endoscopic Visualized Rhizotomy, by Country 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 19. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, by End-user, 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 20. Comparative Share Analysis of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Hospital and Clinics, by Country 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 21. Comparative Share Analysis of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Ambulatory Surgical Centers, by Country 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 22. Comparative Share Analysis of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market for Others, by Country 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 23. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market by Region, 2023 and 2035(%)
Figure 24. U.S. Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 25. Canada Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 26. Mexico Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 27. Germany Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 28. France Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 29. UK Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 30. Italy Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 31. Spain Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 32. Rest of Europe Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 33. Japan Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 34. China Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 35. Australia Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 36. India Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 37. South Korea Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 38. Rest of Asia-Pacific Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 39. Brazil Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 40. Saudi Arabia Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 41. South Africa Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 42. Rest of LAMEA Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market, 2023-2035 ($Million)
Figure 43. Top Winning Strategies, by Year (2022-2025)
Figure 44. Top Winning Strategies, by Development (2022-2025)
Figure 45. Top Winning Strategies, by Company (2022-2025)
Figure 46. Product Mapping of Top 10 Players
Figure 47. Competitive Dashboard
Figure 48. Competitive Heatmap: Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Market
Figure 49. Top Player Positioning, 2023
Figure 50. Medtronic PLC: Net Revenue, 2021-2023 ($Million)
Figure 51. Medtronic PLC: Revenue Share by Segment, 2023 (%)
Figure 52. Medtronic PLC: Revenue Share by Region, 2023 (%)
Figure 53. Stryker Corporation: Net Sales, 2022-2024 ($Million)
Figure 54. Stryker Corporation: Revenue Share by Segment, 2024 (%)
Figure 55. Stryker Corporation: Revenue Share by Region, 2024 (%)
Figure 56. Olympus Corporation: Net Sales, 2021-2023 ($Million)
Figure 57. Olympus Corporation: Revenue Share by Segment, 2023 (%)
Figure 58. Olympus Corporation: Revenue Share by Region, 2023 (%)
Figure 59. Globus Medical Inc.: Net Revenue, 2022-2024 ($Million)
Figure 60. Globus Medical Inc.: Revenue Share by Segment, 2024 (%)
Figure 61. Globus Medical Inc.: Revenue Share by Region, 2024 (%)
Figure 62. Johnson & Johnson: Net Sales, 2021-2023 ($Million)
Figure 63. Johnson & Johnson: Revenue Share by Segment, 2023 (%)
Figure 64. Johnson & Johnson: Revenue Share by Region, 2023 (%)