T Cell Specific Surface Glycoprotein CD28 Market Report 2025

The T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market size has grown rapidly in recent years. It will grow from $1.47 billion in 2024 to $1.62 billion in 2025 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.1%. The growth during the historic period can be attributed to increasing research in immunotherapy, the rising prevalence of cancer, growing incidence of autoimmune diseases, an increase in clinical trials, and the expanding adoption of monoclonal antibodies.

The T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $2.35 billion in 2029 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.8%. The growth during the forecast period can be attributed to the rising demand for personalized medicine, increasing focus on T-cell-based therapies, growing awareness of immuno-oncology, an expanding pipeline of targeted therapies, rising investments by pharmaceutical companies, and broader applications in chronic diseases. Key trends expected in the forecast period include advancements in cell engineering technologies, the development of bispecific antibodies, innovations in targeted immunotherapies, integration of artificial intelligence in drug discovery, and improvements in biologics manufacturing.

The increasing focus on personalized medicine is expected to drive the growth of the T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market in the coming years. Personalized medicine involves tailoring medical treatments to individual patients based on their genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors to optimize outcomes and enhance care. This approach is gaining traction due to advancements in genomic technologies, which allow for precise identification of genetic variations and enable treatments customized to individual needs. T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 facilitates personalized medicine by enabling targeted immune modulation, making therapies more precise and effective. It improves treatment outcomes by promoting optimal T cell activation and enhancing patient-specific immune responses. For example, in February 2024, the Personalized Medicine Coalition (PMC), a US-based nonprofit organization, reported that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 26 new personalized medicines in 2023, up from 12 in 2022. Thus, the growing focus on personalized medicine is fueling the expansion of the T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market.

Key companies in the T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market are developing innovative products, such as combination immunotherapies, to enhance T cell activation, anti-tumor efficacy, and patient outcomes. Combination immunotherapies involve using multiple immune-based approaches to strengthen the body’s ability to combat disease. For instance, in February 2025, Rondo Therapeutics Inc., a US-based biopharmaceutical company, presented preclinical data on RNDO 564, a novel CD28 Nectin-4 costimulatory bispecific antibody for advanced bladder cancer. This therapy is designed to selectively activate CD28 on T cells when binding to Nectin-4-expressing tumor cells, boosting T-cell-mediated tumor killing while minimizing off-target toxicity. The preclinical data demonstrated strong anti-tumor activity, supporting its further development as a potential treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

In December 2024, Rondo Therapeutics Inc. partnered with Eli Lilly and Company to develop new CD28 bispecific antibodies for solid tumors. This collaboration aims to enhance T cell co-stimulation and improve anti-tumor immune responses while reducing immune-related toxicity, advancing next-generation immuno-oncology therapies. Eli Lilly and Company, based in the US, specializes in developing CD28-targeted immuno-oncology treatments.

Major players in the t cell specific surface glycoprotein cd28 market are Gilead Sciences Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Novartis AG, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Becton Dickinson and Company, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Bio-Techne Corporation, STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Sino Biological Inc., Xencor Inc., ACROBiosystems Co. Ltd., Fate Therapeutics Inc., Medigene AG, Alpine Immune Sciences Inc., Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc, OSE Immunotherapeutics SA, Creative Biolabs Inc., Rondo Therapeutics Inc.

North America was the largest region in the T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market in 2024. Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.

Note that the outlook for this market is being affected by rapid changes in trade relations and tariffs globally. The report will be updated prior to delivery to reflect the latest status, including revised forecasts and quantified impact analysis. The report’s Recommendations and Conclusions sections will be updated to give strategies for entities dealing with the fast-moving international environment.

The sudden escalation of U.S. tariffs and the consequent trade frictions in spring 2025 are severely impacting the pharmaceutical companies contend with tariffs on APIs, glass vials, and lab equipment inputs with few alternative sources. Generic drug makers, operating on razor-thin margins, are especially vulnerable, with some reducing production of low-profit medicines. Biotech firms face delays in clinical trials due to tariff-related shortages of specialized reagents. In response, the industry is expanding API production in India and Europe, increasing inventory stockpiles, and pushing for trade exemptions for essential medicines.

T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 is a co-stimulatory receptor present on the surface of most T cells. It binds to B7 molecules (CD80/CD86) on antigen-presenting cells, providing crucial secondary signals for T cell activation, proliferation, and survival. Its primary role is to enhance immune responses by promoting cytokine production and preventing T cell anergy.

The primary types of T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 include FPT155, FR104, Lulizumab Pegol, and others. FPT155 is an investigational therapeutic protein that acts as an immune co-stimulatory fusion protein, targeting CD80 to activate T cells and boost anti-tumor immune responses. These products employ various technologies such as flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Distribution occurs through multiple channels, including direct sales, distributors, e-commerce platforms, retail pharmacies, and wholesalers. CD28-based products are applied in areas such as immunology research, cancer research, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and stem cell research, with key end users including hospitals, research laboratories, academic institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and diagnostic laboratories.

The T cell specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market research report is one of a series of new reports that provides T cell specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market statistics, including the T cell specific surface glycoprotein CD28 industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with the T cell specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market share, detailed T cell specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market segments, market trends, and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the T cell specific surface glycoprotein CD28 industry. This T cell specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry.

The T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market consists of revenues earned by entities by providing services such as drug discovery, antibody development, cell signaling assays, immuno-oncology research, diagnostic testing, and clinical trial support targeting CD28 pathways. The market value includes the value of related goods sold by the service provider or included within the service offering. The T cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 market also includes sales of CD28 fusion proteins, CD28 ligands, flow cytometry reagents, and diagnostic assays and kits. Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.

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