The Global eVTOL and Advanced Air Mobility Market 2026-2036

1.1 Report Scope and Objectives
1.2 Defining eVTOL and Advanced Air Mobility
1.3 The AAM Ecosystem: The "5As" Framework - Aircraft, Ancillary, Airline, Airport, Airspace
1.4 Market Size and Growth Summary 2026-2036
1.5 Key Market Drivers and Restraints
1.6 Certification and Regulatory Progress Update
1.7 eVTOL Unit Sales Forecast Summary (Units) 2026-2036
1.8 eVTOL Battery Demand Forecast Summary (GWh) 2026-2036
1.9 eVTOL Market Revenue Forecast Summary (US$ billion) 2026-2036
1.10 Vertiport Infrastructure Forecast Summary
1.11 Pilot and Workforce Requirements Forecast

2.1 What is an eVTOL Aircraft?
2.2 From Urban Air Mobility (UAM) to Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)
2.3 Distributed Electric Propulsion: The Enabling Concept
2.4 Advantages of AAM Networks
2.5 eVTOL Applications: Air Taxi, Cargo, Air Ambulance, Military
2.6 Current General Aviation Aircraft: Helicopters and Fixed-Wing
2.7 Why Helicopters Are Not Suitable for UAM at Scale
2.8 Worldwide Helicopter Fleet and General Aviation Market Size
2.9 What is Making eVTOL Possible Now?
2.10 The AAM Value Chain and Emerging Ecosystem
2.11 Key Issues, Challenges, and Constraints for eVTOL Air Taxis
2.12 NASA: UAM Challenges and Constraints

3.1 World eVTOL Aircraft Directory and Geographical Distribution
3.2 Main eVTOL Architectures Overview
3.3 eVTOL Architecture Choice: Trade-Offs and Considerations
3.4 Multicopter/Rotorcraft: Flight Modes, Key Players, Specifications, Benefits and Drawbacks
3.5 Lift Cruise: Flight Modes, Key Players, Specifications, Benefits and Drawbacks
3.6 Vectored Thrust - Tiltwing: Flight Modes, Key Players, Specifications, Benefits and Drawbacks
3.7 Vectored Thrust - Tiltrotor: Flight Modes, Key Players, Specifications, Benefits and Drawbacks
3.8 Range and Cruise Speed Comparison Across Electric eVTOL Designs
3.9 Hover Lift Efficiency, Disc Loading, and Cruise Efficiency by Architecture
3.10 Complexity, Criticality, and Cruise Performance
3.11 Comparative Assessment of eVTOL Architectures
3.12 Manned and Unmanned eVTOL Test Flight Progress
3.13 Full-Scale Demonstrators and Type-Conforming Aircraft Status

4.1 Where eVTOL Has a Competitive Advantage Over Ground Transport
4.2 Urban Private Hire: eVTOL vs. Taxi/Ride-Hailing (8-16 km)
4.3 Rural Private Hire: eVTOL vs. Private Car (16-40 km)
4.4 Rural Rideshare: eVTOL vs. Multiple Private Cars (40-80 km)
4.5 Sub-Regional Shuttle: eVTOL vs. Rail (100-160 km)
4.6 Cargo Delivery: eVTOL vs. Road Transport (Middle-Mile, 50-100 km)
4.7 Air Ambulance: eVTOL vs. Helicopter Emergency Services (60-100 km)
4.8 Multicopter eVTOL vs. Robotaxi: 10 km, 40 km, and 100 km Journey Comparisons
4.9 Vectored Thrust eVTOL vs. Robotaxi: 100 km Journey
4.10 Important Factors for Air Taxi Time Advantage
4.11 Conclusions on Air Taxi Time Saving and Viable Use Cases
4.12 eVTOL as an Urban Mass Mobility Solution: Feasibility Assessment

5.1 TCO Analysis Methodology
5.2 eVTOL vs. Helicopter Operating Cost Comparison
5.3 eVTOL Aircraft Upfront Cost Analysis (£3m-£5m Range)
5.4 eVTOL Operational Fuel Cost Savings
5.5 The Economic Value of Autonomous Flight
5.6 TCO Analysis: eVTOL Taxi US$/50 km Trip (Base Case)
5.7 TCO Analysis: US$/15 km Trip - Multicopter eVTOL Design
5.8 Sensitivity Analysis: Battery Cost and Performance
5.9 Sensitivity Analysis: Upfront/Infrastructure Cost
5.10 Sensitivity Analysis: Average Trip Length
5.11 Sensitivity Analysis: Higher/Lower eVTOL Capital Costs
5.12 Sensitivity Analysis: Reduced Flying Window and Increased Vertiport Travel Time
5.13 Sensitivity Analysis: Earlier Autonomous Capability (2030 vs. 2035)
5.14 Socio-Economic Impact Assessment: Direct and Indirect Benefits

6.1 Air Mobility Funding Landscape: Historical and Current Trends
6.2 eVTOL OEMs Attracting Large Funding Rounds
6.3 Strategic Investors: Aerospace and Automotive OEMs
6.4 eVTOL OEMs Will Have to Weather a Tougher Investor Climate
6.5 eVTOL Commercial Interest: Pre-Orders and Letters of Intent
6.6 Business Model Archetypes: System Providers, Service Providers, Hardware Providers, Ticket Brokers
6.7 OEM Model vs. Vertically Integrated Model
6.8 Consolidation and Shake-Out Outlook
6.9 New Manufacturing Facilities and Production Plans
6.10 Design for Manufacture (DfM) and High-Volume Production Challenges

7.1 Aerospace Companies eVTOL Involvement
7.2 Composite Material Suppliers
7.3 Supply Chain Structure: Insource vs. Outsource Models

8.1 Joby Aviation
8.2 Archer Aviation (and Stellantis Partnership)
8.3 Lilium
8.4 Volocopter (VoloCity)
8.5 Vertical Aerospace
8.6 EHang
8.7 Wisk Aero (Boeing-backed)
8.8 Eve Air Mobility (Embraer)
8.9 Supernal (Hyundai)
8.10 BETA Technologies
8.11 Airbus (CityAirbus NextGen)
8.12 Bell Textron (Nexus and Experimental Concepts)
8.13 SkyDrive
8.14 Autoflight (Prosperity I)
8.15 Jaunt Air Mobility
8.16 Honda eVTOL
8.17 Additional OEM Profiles
8.18 Players' Planned Production Capacity Comparison
8.19 Key Supplier Partnerships by OEM

9.1 Uber Elevate Legacy and Joby Aviation
9.2 US Air Force: Agility Prime
9.3 NASA: Advanced Air Mobility Mission and National Campaign
9.4 Groupe ADP eVTOL Test Area (Paris 2024 and Beyond)
9.5 China's Unmanned Civil Aviation Zones and Low-Altitude Economy Initiative
9.6 Favourable Policies and Regulations Supporting China's UAM
9.7 K-UAM Grand Challenge: South Korea
9.8 UK Future Flight Challenge (FFC) and CAA Initiatives
9.9 NEOM and Middle Eastern AAM Investments
9.10 Varon Vehicles: UAM in Latin America
9.11 Global Urban Air Mobility Radar: 110 Projects Worldwide

10.1 Battery Specifics for eVTOLs: The Battery Trilemma
10.2 eVTOL Battery Wish List and Requirements
10.3 Importance of Gravimetric Energy Density (Wh/kg) for Aviation
10.4 Li-ion Cathode and Anode Benchmarking for eVTOL
10.5 Li-ion Timeline: Technology and Performance Evolution
10.6 The Promise of Silicon Anodes for eVTOL Applications
10.7 Aerospace Battery Pack Sizing and Energy Density Considerations
10.8 Battery Specifications of Leading eVTOL OEMs
10.9 eVTOL Batteries: Specific Energy vs. Discharge Rates
10.10 Cell-to-Pack and Module Elimination Approaches
10.11 Beyond Li-ion: Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Aviation
10.12 Beyond Li-ion: Lithium-Metal and Solid-State Batteries (SSB)
10.13 Solid-State Battery Developers
10.14 CATL Condensed Battery and Other Advanced Concepts
10.15 Battery Technology Evolution Forecast: 2026-2036 (Wh/kg Roadmap)
10.16 Battery Chemistry Comparison for eVTOL: NMC, NCA, LFP, SSB, Li-S
10.17 Battery Fast Charging, Battery Swapping, and Distributed Modules
10.18 eVTOL Battery Cost Analysis and Trajectory
10.19 eVTOL Battery Supply Chain
10.20 Key Battery Suppliers: Molicel, EPS, Amprius, Cuberg (Northvolt), Ionblox
10.21 eVTOL Battery Demand Forecast 2026-2036 (GWh)
10.22 eVTOL Battery Market Revenue Forecast 2026-2036 (US$ million)

11.1 Competing Charging Standards in the AAM Market
11.2 Global Electric Aviation Charging System (GEACS)
11.3 BETA Technologies Charging (CCS-Based)
11.4 EPS Charging Solutions
11.5 Grid Power Requirements for Vertiport Charging
11.6 Off-Grid and Renewable Energy Solutions for Remote Vertiports

12.1 Options for Hydrogen Use in Aviation
12.2 Key Systems Needed for Hydrogen Aircraft
12.3 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells for eVTOL
12.4 Hydrogen Aviation Company Landscape
12.5 Fuel Cell eVTOL: Players and Specifications
12.6 Challenges Hindering Hydrogen Aviation
12.7 Conclusions for Hydrogen Fuel Cell eVTOL
12.8 Hybrid Propulsion Systems: Series and Parallel Architectures
12.9 Hybrid Systems Optimisation
12.10 All-Electric Range vs. Fuel Cell and Hybrid Powertrains
12.11 Hybrid Propulsion: Turbines and Piston Engines
12.12 Honda eVTOL Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System
12.13 Conclusions for Hybrid eVTOL

13.1 eVTOL Motor/Powertrain Requirements
13.2 eVTOL Aircraft Motor Power Sizing and kW Estimates
13.3 Electric Motors and Distributed Electric Propulsion
13.4 Number of Electric Motors by eVTOL Design
13.5 Electric Motor Designs: Summary of Traction Motor Types
13.6 Motor Efficiency Comparison: PMSM vs. BLDC
13.7 Radial Flux vs. Axial Flux Motors
13.8 Why Axial Flux Motors for eVTOL?
13.9 List of Axial Flux Motor Players and Benchmark
13.10 Key Motor Suppliers: YASA, Rolls-Royce/Siemens, EMRAX, magniX, H3X, MAGicALL, SAFRAN
13.11 Power Density and Torque Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation
13.12 Power Electronics: SiC MOSFETs and High-Voltage Platforms for eVTOL

14.1 The Importance of Lightweighting in eVTOL Design
14.2 Comparison of Lightweight Materials
14.3 Introduction to Composite Materials: Fibres, Resins, and Reinforcements
14.4 Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) for eVTOL
14.5 Glass Fibres and Thermoplastic Composites
14.6 eVTOL Composite Material Requirements
14.7 Supply Chain for Composite Manufacturers
14.8 Key eVTOL-Composite Partnerships
14.9 Key Challenges for Composites in High-Volume eVTOL Production

15.1 The Roadmap from Piloted to Autonomous eVTOL Flight
15.2 Pilot Demand and Skill Level Evolution: 2026-2036
15.3 Detect and Avoid (DAA) Systems
15.4 Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Capabilities
15.5 AI-Powered Autonomous Flight Systems
15.6 Software-Defined Approaches for eVTOL: Lessons from the Automotive SDV Transition
15.7 Sensor Fusion and Perception Systems for eVTOL
15.8 Cybersecurity and Counter-AAM Considerations

16.1 Overview of the eVTOL Certification Landscape
16.2 European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
16.3 EASA Special Condition: SC-VTOL and Certification Categories
16.4 EASA EUROCAE Working Groups
16.5 US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Certification Pathways
16.6 Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) and Low-Altitude Economy Policy
16.7 UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and FFC Alignment with EASA/FAA
16.8 National Aviation Authority (NAA) Network: UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, USA
16.9 Design Organisation Authorisation (DOA) and Production Organisation Authorisation (POA)
16.10 Air Operator Certificates (AOC) and Airline Regulatory Requirements
16.11 Companies Pursuing eVTOL Development and Regulatory Approval: Status Tracker
16.12 Pilot Licensing and Training Requirements Evolution
16.13 Noise, Environmental, and Safety Regulations
16.14 When Will the First eVTOL Air Taxis Launch? Slipping Timelines Assessment

17.1 eVTOL Infrastructure Requirements: Overview
17.2 Vertiport Concepts: From Basic Pads to Full-Service Hubs
17.3 Vertiport Nodal Network Design
17.4 Companies Developing Vertiports
17.5 Vertiport Design Concepts: CORGAN Skyport, MVRDV, Hyundai Future Mobility Vision
17.6 Lilium Scalable Vertiports
17.7 BETA Technologies Recharge Pads
17.8 EHang E-Port
17.9 Vertiport Technical Challenges: Real Estate, Planning Permission, Multi-Type Accommodation
17.10 Vertiport Security: Biometric Processing, Baggage Handling, Counter-Drone
17.11 Vertiport Forecast: Units Required 2026-2036
17.12 The "Chicken and Egg" Problem: Vertiports Before Certified Aircraft

18.1 eVTOL Urban Air Traffic Management (UATM) Requirements
18.2 UTM/ATM Integration: Combining Manned and Unmanned Traffic
18.3 NASA/FAA UAM Concept of Operations (ConOps)
18.4 European UTM Frameworks and Standardisation
18.5 Communication Infrastructure: 5G, Low-Latency Networks, and Redundancy
18.6 Digital Infrastructure and Drone Operation Centres
18.7 Global Fragmentation of UTM Standards

19.1 Public Acceptance of AAM: Survey Data and Trends
19.2 EASA Perception Studies
19.3 UK Public Perception of Drones and AAM
19.4 Safety and Security Considerations
19.5 Noise Impact and Community Concerns
19.6 Building Social Licence: Engagement Strategies and Government Initiatives
19.7 The Role of Commercial Drone Operations in Normalising Future Aviation

20.1 eVTOL and the Broader Drone Market: Convergence of Platforms
20.2 Cargo Drones and Large Autonomous Aircraft
20.3 Electric Conventional Take-Off and Landing (eCTOL) Aircraft
20.4 Software-Defined Vehicles and Cross-Over Technologies
20.5 Autonomous Ground Vehicle (Robotaxi) Competition and Complementarity
20.6 Multimodal Transport Integration and Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)
20.7 The Low-Altitude Economy: China's Strategic Framework

21.1 North America: United States and Canada
21.2 Europe: EU, UK, and EFTA
21.3 Asia-Pacific: China, South Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, Australia
21.4 Middle East: UAE, Saudi Arabia (NEOM), and Gulf States
21.5 Latin America
21.6 Africa
21.7 Regional Regulatory Comparison and Market Entry Timelines

22.1 Global eVTOL Air Taxi Sales Forecast 2026-2036 (Units)
22.2 eVTOL Sales Forecast by Region/Economy Size (Units)
22.3 eVTOL Sales Forecast by Architecture Type
22.4 eVTOL Sales Forecast by Application (Air Taxi, Cargo, Air Ambulance, Military)
22.5 Replacement Demand vs. New Demand: Fleet Lifecycle Analysis
22.6 eVTOL Air Taxi Battery Demand Forecast 2026-2036 (GWh)
22.7 Average eVTOL Battery Size Forecast 2026-2036
22.8 eVTOL Battery Market Revenue Forecast 2026-2036 (US$ million)
22.9 eVTOL Air Taxi Market Revenue Forecast 2026-2036 (US$ billion)
22.10 Average eVTOL Price Forecast 2026-2036
22.11 Vertiport Infrastructure Forecast 2026-2036 (Units and Investment)
22.12 Pilot and Workforce Demand Forecast 2026-2036
22.13 AAM Ancillary Services Market Forecast (MRO, Operations, Digital Infrastructure)
22.14 Scenario Analysis: Conservative, Base Case, and Optimistic

23.1 eVTOL OEM Profiles (35 COMPANY PROFILES)
23.2 Aerospace Tier 1 Suppliers with eVTOL Activity (6 COMPANY PROFILES)
23.3 Battery and Energy Storage Suppliers (20 COMPANY PROFILES)
23.4 Electric Motor and Propulsion System Suppliers (9 COMPANY PROFILES)
23.5 Composite Material and Lightweighting Suppliers (5 COMPANY PROFILES)
23.6 Vertiport and Infrastructure Developers (7 COMPANY PROFILES)
23.7 Air Traffic Management and Digital Infrastructure Providers (6 COMPANY PROFILES)
23.8 Automotive OEMs with eVTOL Investments (6 COMPANY PROFILES)
23.9 Aircraft Leasing and Fleet Operators
23.10 Cargo Drone and Convergent AAM Companies (6 COMPANY PROFILES)
23.11 Charging Infrastructure Providers (2 COMPANY PROFILES)
23.12 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell System Suppliers (3 COMPANY PROFILES)

24.1 Appendix A - Assumptions and Modelling Parameters
24.2 Appendix B - Glossary of Terms and Acronyms
24.3 Appendix C - eVTOL Aircraft Directory: Full Specifications Database
24.4 Appendix D - Regulatory Framework Comparison Table

Table 1. Key Definitions: eVTOL, UAM, AAM, and Related Terminology
Table 2. Global eVTOL and AAM Market Summary: Key Metrics 2026-2036
Table 3. Key Market Drivers and Restraints Summary
Table 4. eVTOL Certification Status Tracker: Leading OEMs (as of 2026)
Table 5. Pilot Skill Level Evolution: 2026-2030, 2030-2034, 2035-2036
Table 6. Advantages of AAM Networks vs. Traditional Aviation and Ground Transport
Table 7. eVTOL Application Categories: Capacity, Range, and Distance Profiles
Table 8. GAMA General Aviation Helicopter Sales and Market Size
Table 9. Worldwide Helicopter Fleet by Region
Table 10. GAMA General Aviation Airplane Sales by Type
Table 11. eVTOL vs. Helicopter Comparison: Noise, Cost, Emissions, Complexity
Table 12. AAM Ecosystem Participant Map: Aircraft, Ancillary, Airline, Airport, Airspace
Table 13. Key Challenges for eVTOL Air Taxis: Technical, Regulatory, Economic, Social
Table 14. World eVTOL Aircraft Directory: Number of Concepts by Region
Table 15. eVTOL Architecture Selection Criteria: Range, Speed, Complexity, Noise, Efficiency
Table 16. Multicopter/Rotorcraft Key Player Specifications (Range, Speed, Payload, Passengers)
Table 17. Benefits and Drawbacks of Multicopter Architecture
Table 18. Lift Cruise Key Player Specifications
Table 19. Benefits and Drawbacks of Lift Cruise Architecture
Table 20. Tiltwing Key Player Specifications
Table 21. Benefits and Drawbacks of Tiltwing Architecture
Table 22. Tiltrotor Key Player Specifications
Table 23. Benefits and Drawbacks of Tiltrotor Architecture
Table 24. Comprehensive Comparison of eVTOL Architectures: Multicopter, Lift Cruise, Tiltwing, Tiltrotor
Table 25. Manned Air Taxi eVTOL Test Flights: Dates, OEMs, Outcomes
Table 26. Unmanned Air Taxi eVTOL Model Test Flights
Table 27. Full-Scale Demonstrators and Type-Conforming Aircraft Status by OEM
Table 28. Urban Private Hire Cost and Time Comparison
Table 29. Rural Private Hire Cost and Time Comparison
Table 30. Rural Rideshare Cost, Time, and Emissions Comparison
Table 31. Sub-Regional Shuttle Cost, Time, and Distance Comparison (12-seat eVTOL)
Table 32. Cargo Delivery Cost and Emissions Comparison (350 kg payload)
Table 33. Air Ambulance Cost, Response Time, and CO2 Comparison
Table 34. eVTOL Multicopter vs. Robotaxi: Journey Time and Cost at 10 km, 40 km, and 100 km
Table 35. Vectored Thrust eVTOL vs. Robotaxi: 100 km Journey Breakdown
Table 36. Summary of Use Case Viability by Journey Type and Distance
Table 37. eVTOL Mass Mobility Feasibility Scorecard
Table 38. eVTOL vs. Helicopter Operating Cost Comparison (US$/flight hour)
Table 39. eVTOL Aircraft Price Estimates by OEM and Architecture
Table 40. eVTOL Fuel Cost Savings vs. Conventional Aviation
Table 41. Piloted vs. Autonomous eVTOL Cost Impact (US$/trip)
Table 42. TCO Breakdown: eVTOL Taxi US$/50 km Trip (Base Case)
Table 43. TCO Breakdown: US$/15 km Trip (Multicopter)
Table 44. TCO Impact: £3m vs. £5m vs. £182k eVTOL Capital Cost Scenarios
Table 45. Sensitivity Analysis: Decreased eVTOL Lifetime (10 Years vs. 5 Years)
Table 46. TCO Impact of 10-Year vs. 5-Year eVTOL Lifetime
Table 47. Economic Impact of Autonomous Capability in 2030 vs
Table 48. Annual and Aggregate Socio-Economic Impact by Use Case
Table 49. Largest eVTOL Funding Rounds to Date: Company, Round, Amount, Lead Investors
Table 50. Strategic Automotive and Aerospace Investors in eVTOL
Table 51. eVTOL Pre-Orders and Letters of Intent by OEM (Units and Value)
Table 52. Business Model Archetype Characteristics and Value Propositions
Table 53. Comparison of OEM vs. Vertically Integrated Business Models
Table 54. Planned eVTOL Manufacturing Facilities: Location, Capacity, OEM, Timeline
Table 55. Production Volume Targets by OEM and Year
Table 56. Key Single-Source Component Risks in eVTOL Supply Chains
Table 57. Agility Prime Participating Companies and Aircraft
Table 58. China Low-Altitude Economy: Key Policy Milestones and Designated Test Zones
Table 59. China UAM Policy and Regulatory Support Framework
Table 60. UK FFC Funded AAM Projects
Table 61. Middle Eastern AAM Investment Summary (NEOM, UAE, Saudi Arabia)
Table 62. eVTOL Battery Wish List: Target Specifications
Table 63. Airbus Minimum Battery Requirements for eVTOL
Table 64. Uber Air Proposed Battery Requirements
Table 65. Li-ion Cathode Chemistry Benchmark: NMC, NCA, LFP
Table 66. Li-ion Anode Chemistry Benchmark: Graphite, Silicon, Lithium Metal
Table 67. Silicon Anode Technology Status and Commercialisation Timeline
Table 68. Battery Pack Size and Weight by eVTOL OEM
Table 69. Battery Specifications by eVTOL OEM: Chemistry, Capacity (kWh), Energy Density (Wh/kg), Supplier
Table 70. Gravimetric Energy Density Improvement from Module Elimination
Table 71. Li-S Battery Value Proposition for eVTOL Aviation
Table 72. Li-S Battery Performance Characteristics vs. Li-ion for Aviation Applications
Table 73. Solid-State Battery Technology Approaches: Ceramic, Sulfide, Polymer, Hybrid
Table 74. Thin Film vs. Bulk Solid-State Battery Comparison
Table 75. Solid-State Battery Developer Comparison: Technology, Electrolyte Type, Manufacturing Status, Energy Density, Key Partnerships, Target Markets
Table 76. CATL Condensed Battery Specifications and Aviation Applicability
Table 77. Battery Technology Evolution Forecast: Energy Density by Chemistry 2024-2036
Table 78. Battery Chemistry Comparison for eVTOL: Energy Density, Cycle Life, Cost, Safety, Readiness
Table 79. Charging Strategy Comparison: Fast Charging vs. Battery Swapping vs. Distributed Modules
Table 80. eVTOL Battery Cost Projections by Chemistry
Table 81. Key Battery Supplier Profiles: Product, Technology, eVTOL Customers
Table 82. eVTOL Battery Demand Forecast Data Table (GWh)
Table 83. eVTOL Battery Market Revenue Forecast Data Table
Table 84. Competing eVTOL Charging Standards Comparison: GEACS, CCS, Proprietary
Table 85. Estimated Grid Power Requirements by Vertiport Size (kW/MW)
Table 86. Key Systems Required for Hydrogen eVTOL Aircraft
Table 87. PEM Fuel Cell Specifications for eVTOL Applications
Table 88. Hydrogen Aviation Company Landscape: Fuel Cell and Combustion
Table 89. Fuel Cell eVTOL Players: Aircraft, FC System, Range, Payload
Table 90. Major Challenges for Hydrogen eVTOL: Infrastructure, Storage, Cost, Safety
Table 91. Comparison of Technology Options: Battery, Fuel Cell, Hybrid
Table 92. All-Electric Range Comparison: BEV, Fuel Cell, Series Hybrid, Parallel Hybrid
Table 93. Turbine vs. Piston Engine Hybrid Options for eVTOL
Table 94. Hybrid eVTOL SWOT Analysis
Table 95. eVTOL Motor and Powertrain Key Requirements
Table 96. eVTOL Power Requirement Estimates by Architecture and MTOW (kW)
Table 97. Number of Electric Motors by eVTOL OEM and Architecture
Table 98. Summary of Traction Motor Types: PMSM, BLDC, Induction, SRM
Table 99. Comparison of Traction Motor Construction and Merits
Table 100. Motor Efficiency Comparison Across Operating Range
Table 101. Differences Between PMSM and BLDC Motors
Table 102. Radial Flux vs. Axial Flux Motor Comparison: Power Density, Torque, Weight, Cost
Table 103. Axial Flux Motor Advantages for eVTOL Applications
Table 104. Axial Flux Motor Player List and Key Product Specifications
Table 105. Key Motor Supplier Profiles for eVTOL Applications
Table 106. Power Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation (kW/kg)
Table 107. Torque Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation (Nm/kg)
Table 108. SiC vs. Si IGBT Inverter Comparison for eVTOL
Table 109. Comparison of Lightweight Materials: Aluminium, Titanium, CFRP, GFRP
Table 110. Comparison of Relative Fibre Properties
Table 111. Resins Overview and Property Comparison: Thermosets vs. Thermoplastics
Table 112. Glass Fibre and Thermoplastic Composite Applications in eVTOL
Table 113. eVTOL Composite Material Requirements: Structural, Aerodynamic, Fire Resistance
Table 114. eVTOL-Composite Supplier Partnership Matrix
Table 115. Key Challenges for Composite Manufacturing at eVTOL Scale
Table 116. Autonomy Level Definitions for eVTOL Aircraft
Table 117. Pilot Skill Level Requirements by Time Period
Table 118. DAA Technology Options for eVTOL: Radar, Lidar, Optical, ADS-B
Table 119. BVLOS Enablement Status by Region
Table 120. SDV Technology Transfer from Automotive to eVTOL
Table 121. Cybersecurity Threat Categories for eVTOL and UTM Systems
Table 122. EASA eVTOL Certification Framework Summary
Table 123. EASA SC-VTOL Certification Categories: Basic, Standard, Enhanced
Table 124. FAA Certification Pathway for eVTOL: Part 21, Part 23, Part
Table 125. CAAC Drone/eVTOL Classification System by Weight Category
Table 126. China Low-Altitude Economy Key Policy Milestones
Table 127. UK CAA eVTOL Regulatory Activity Summary
Table 128. DOA and POA Status by eVTOL OEM
Table 129. eVTOL Regulatory Approval Status Tracker: OEM, Authority, Status, Expected Date
Table 130. Pilot Licensing Framework for eVTOL by Jurisdiction
Table 131. Noise Level Comparison: eVTOL vs. Helicopter (dBA)
Table 132. OEM Launch Timeline Slippage Analysis
Table 133. Vertiport Tier Classification: Basic Landing Pad, Standard Terminal, Full-Service Hub
Table 134. Vertiport Developer Profiles: Company, Projects, Status, Key Partnerships
Table 135. Key Vertiport Technical and Logistical Challenges
Table 136. Vertiport Security Technology Requirements
Table 137. Estimated Vertiport Requirements by Region 2030, 2035,
Table 138. Key UTM/ATM System Requirements for AAM
Table 139. UTM Standardisation Organisations Worldwide
Table 140. Communication Technology Requirements for AAM: 4G/5G, Satellite, Dedicated Aviation
Table 141. Global UTM Framework Comparison: USA, EU, China, UK, Japan, South Korea
Table 142. EASA UAM Perception Study Key Findings
Table 143. UK Public Support Levels by Use Case: Flying Taxis, Air Ambulance, Cargo Delivery
Table 144. Safety and Security Considerations for eVTOL Operations
Table 145. Noise Comparison: eVTOL vs. Helicopter vs. Ground Vehicles (dBA at Distance)
Table 146. Social Licence Building Strategies and UK FFC Initiatives
Table 147. Drone-UAM Convergence: Traditional Drones, Cargo Drones, Small UAM Comparison
Table 148. Large Cargo Drone Development Programs: Dronamics, Elroy Air, Windracers, Natilus, Pipistrel, Sabrewing
Table 149. eCTOL vs. eVTOL: Range, Payload, Infrastructure Requirements Comparison
Table 150. SDV Technology Transfer to eVTOL: OTA Updates, AI, Sensor Fusion, Digital Twins
Table 151. eVTOL vs. Robotaxi Competitive and Complementary Positioning by Distance
Table 152. China Low-Altitude Economy: Market Size Projections and Policy Framework
Table 153. North America AAM Market Overview: Regulatory Status, Key OEMs, Planned Routes, Infrastructure
Table 154. US eVTOL Planned Route Networks and Vertiport Locations
Table 155. European AAM Market Overview: EASA/CAA Status, OEMs, Initiatives
Table 156. Asia-Pacific AAM Market Overview by Country
Table 157. Middle Eastern AAM Investment and Infrastructure Plans
Table 158. Latin America AAM Market Status
Table 159. African AAM Potential: Key Markets and Challenges
Table 160. Regional Regulatory Comparison Matrix: FAA, EASA, CAAC, CAA, JCAB, KOCA
Table 161. Global eVTOL Air Taxi Sales Forecast 2026-2036 (Units)
Table 162. eVTOL Sales Forecast by World Bank Country Wealth Definition (Units)
Table 163. eVTOL Sales by Architecture: Multicopter, Lift Cruise, Vectored Thrust
Table 164. eVTOL Sales by Application Segment 2026-2036
Table 165. Cumulative eVTOL Fleet Size and Replacement Cycle (10-Year Lifetime)
Table 166. eVTOL Air Taxi Battery Demand Forecast 2026-2036 (GWh)
Table 167. Average eVTOL Battery Size by Architecture Type
Table 168. eVTOL Battery Market Revenue Forecast 2026-2036 (US$ million)
Table 169. eVTOL Air Taxi Market Revenue Forecast 2026-2036 (US$ billion)
Table 170. Vertiport Infrastructure Forecast: Cumulative Units and Capital Investment by Region
Table 171. Cumulative eVTOL and Pilot Forecast 2026-2036
Table 172. Workforce Requirements Beyond Pilots: Engineers, Ground Crew, MRO Technicians
Table 173. AAM Ancillary Services Market Forecast 2026-2036 (US$ million)
Table 174. Scenario Comparison: Conservative (2.5% S-curve), Base Case (5% S-curve), Optimistic (7.5% S-curve)

Figure 1. The AAM "5As" Ecosystem Framework
Figure 2. The Advanced Air Mobility Ecosystem Value Chain
Figure 3. Global AAM Market Revenue 2026-2036 (US$ billion)
Figure 4. Global eVTOL Air Taxi Sales Forecast 2026-2036 (Units)
Figure 5. eVTOL Air Taxi Battery Demand Forecast 2026-2036 (GWh)
Figure 6. eVTOL Air Taxi Market Revenue Forecast 2026-2036 (US$ billion)
Figure 7. Cumulative Vertiport Deployment Forecast 2026-2036 (Units)
Figure 8. Cumulative eVTOL and Pilot Forecast 2026-2036
Figure 9. Anatomy of a Typical eVTOL Aircraft
Figure 10. Evolution from UAM to AAM: Expanding Scope and Applications
Figure 11. Distributed Electric Propulsion Configuration Examples
Figure 12. The Advanced Air Mobility Value Chain
Figure 13. Multicopter Flight Modes: Hover, Transition, Cruise
Figure 14. Lift Cruise Flight Modes
Figure 15. Tiltwing Flight Modes
Figure 16. Tiltrotor Flight Modes
Figure 17. Hover Lift Efficiency and Disc Loading by eVTOL Architecture
Figure 18. Hover and Cruise Efficiency Comparison by Architecture Type
Figure 19. Rural Private Hire Journey Schematic
Figure 20. Rural Rideshare Journey Schematic
Figure 21. Sub-Regional Shuttle Journey Schematic: eVTOL vs. Rail
Figure 22. Cargo Delivery Journey Schematic: eVTOL vs. Van
Figure 23. Air Ambulance Journey Schematic: eVTOL vs. EC135 Helicopter
Figure 24. TCO Waterfall Chart: US$/50 km Trip
Figure 25. TCO Sensitivity to Battery Cost (US$/kWh) and Energy Density (Wh/kg)
Figure 26. Expected Industry Consolidation Timeline
Figure 27. Insource (Joby) vs. Outsource (Vertical Aerospace) Supply Chain Models
Figure 28. Agility Prime: Advanced Air Mobility Ecosystem
Figure 29. China's Unmanned Civil Aviation Zones Map
Figure 30. Li-ion Battery Timeline: Technology and Performance 2010-2036
Figure 31. Energy Density Roadmap: Graphite ? Silicon Composite ? Pure Silicon Anodes
Figure 32. Conventional Pack vs. Cell-to-Pack Design for eVTOL
Figure 33. Li-S Battery SWOT Analysis
Figure 34. Li-S Battery Market Value Chain
Figure 35. Lithium-Metal Battery SWOT Analysis
Figure 36. Battery Energy Density Roadmap 2024-2036 (Wh/kg): LiPo, Silicon Anode, Solid-State, Li-S, Li-Air
Figure 37. Battery Chemistry Radar Chart Comparison for eVTOL
Figure 38. eVTOL Battery Cost Trajectory 2024-2036 (US$/kWh)
Figure 39. eVTOL Battery Supply Chain: Raw Materials ? Cell Manufacturing ? Pack Assembly ? OEM Integration
Figure 40. eVTOL Air Taxi Battery Demand Forecast 2026-2036 (GWh)
Figure 41. eVTOL Battery Market Revenue Forecast 2026-2036 (US$ million)
Figure 42. GEACS Architecture and Connector Specification
Figure 43. BETA Technologies Charging Network Concept
Figure 44. Hydrogen Use Options in Aviation: Combustion, Fuel Cell, Hybrid
Figure 45. Series vs. Parallel Hybrid Propulsion Architectures
Figure 46. Hybrid System Power/Energy Optimisation Curve
Figure 47. Honda eVTOL Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System Schematic
Figure 48. Distributed Electric Propulsion Configuration and Motor Placement
Figure 49. Radial Flux vs. Axial Flux Motor Construction
Figure 50. Yoked vs. Yokeless Axial Flux Motor Configurations
Figure 51. Inverter Power Density Improvement Timeline
Figure 52. CFRP Supply Chain for eVTOL Manufacturing
Figure 53. Composite Material Supply Chain: Fibre ? Prepreg ? Layup ? Curing ? Assembly
Figure 54. Autonomy Roadmap: Piloted ? Supervised ? Remote Pilot ? Fully Autonomous
Figure 55. AI Autonomous Flight System Architecture
Figure 56. Typical Sensor Suite for eVTOL: Cameras, Radar, LiDAR, Ultrasonic, ADS-B
Figure 57. FAA eVTOL Certification Process Flow
Figure 58. eVTOL Certification Timeline: Expected Type Certificate Dates by OEM
Figure 59. eVTOL Commercial Launch Timeline: Original Targets vs. Current Expectations
Figure 60. Vertiport Infrastructure Ecosystem: Physical, Digital, Energy
Figure 61. Vertiport Tier Concepts: Rural Pad, Suburban Terminal, Urban Hub
Figure 62. Vertiport Nodal Network Configuration
Figure 63. CORGAN Stacked Skyport Concept
Figure 64. CORGAN Mega Skyport Concept
Figure 65. CORGAN Uber Skyport Mobility Hub 2018 and 2019 Concepts
Figure 66. Hyundai Future Mobility Urban Vision
Figure 67. Lilium Scalable Vertiport Design
Figure 68. BETA Technologies Recharge Pad Network
Figure 69. EHang E-Port Infrastructure Concept
Figure 70. Vertiport Deployment Forecast 2026-2036
Figure 71. UATM System Architecture: Ground Systems, Airborne Systems, Communications
Figure 72. UTM/ATM Integration Layers
Figure 73. NASA/FAA UAM ConOps 1.0 Framework
Figure 74. Digital Infrastructure for AAM: Drone Operations Centre Architecture
Figure 75. Drone-to-UAM Convergence Trajectory
Figure 76. MaaS Integration Model: Ground Transport ? Vertiport ? eVTOL ? Vertiport ? Ground Transport
Figure 77. Asia-Pacific UAM Project Distribution
Figure 78. Expected eVTOL Commercial Service Launch Timeline by Region
Figure 79. Global eVTOL Air Taxi Sales Forecast Chart 2026-2036
Figure 80. eVTOL Sales by Region: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, RoW
Figure 81. Architecture Market Share Evolution 2026-2036
Figure 82. eVTOL Sales by Application: Stacked Area Chart
Figure 83. Total Annual eVTOL Demand: Replacement of Legacy eVTOLs vs. New Demand
Figure 84. eVTOL Battery Demand Forecast 2026-2036 (GWh)
Figure 85. Average eVTOL Battery Size Trend 2026-2036 (kWh)
Figure 86. eVTOL Battery Revenue Forecast Chart
Figure 87. eVTOL Market Revenue Forecast Chart
Figure 88. Average eVTOL Unit Price Trajectory 2026-2036 (US$ million)
Figure 89. Vertiport Cumulative Deployment and Investment 2026-2036
Figure 90. Cumulative eVTOLs and Pilots Forecast 2026-2036
Figure 91. AAM Ecosystem Revenue Breakdown: Aircraft, Batteries, Infrastructure, Services
Figure 92. eVTOL Market Revenue Scenarios: Conservative, Base, Optimistic (2026-2036)
Figure 93. Acodyne rendering
Figure 94. ERC System's Romeo eVTOL prototype during flight testing near Munich, Germany
Figure 95. M1B cargo-carrying eVTOL aircraft