The Global eVTOL and Advanced Air Mobility Market 2027-2037

1.1 Report Scope and Objectives
1.2 Defining eVTOL and Advanced Air Mobility
1.3 The AAM Ecosystem: The "5As" Framework - Aircraft, Ancillary, Airline, Airport, Airspace
1.4 Market Size and Growth Summary 2026-2037
1.5 Industry Consolidation Accelerates
1.6 The Casualties: 2024-2025
1.7 The Survivors: Who Remains in the Race
1.7.1 Tier 1 - Approaching FAA Certification
1.7.2 Tier 2 - Earlier-Stage but Well-Funded
1.7.3 Chinese Leaders - Operational but Geographically Constrained
1.8 The Reality Check: Physics, Economics, and Expectations
1.9 Regulatory Landscape
1.10 Outlook
1.11 Key Market Drivers and Restraints
1.12 Certification and Regulatory Progress Update
1.13 eVTOL Unit Sales Forecast Summary (Units) 2026-2037
1.14 eVTOL Battery Demand Forecast Summary (GWh) 2026-2037
1.15 eVTOL Market Revenue Forecast Summary (US$ billion) 2026-2037
1.16 Vertiport Infrastructure Forecast Summary
1.17 Pilot and Workforce Requirements Forecast
1.18 Industry Developments Since the Early-2026 Cut-Off

2.1 What is an eVTOL Aircraft?
2.2 From Urban Air Mobility (UAM) to Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)
2.3 Distributed Electric Propulsion: The Enabling Concept
2.4 Advantages of AAM Networks
2.5 eVTOL Applications: Air Taxi, Cargo, Air Ambulance, Military
2.6 Current General Aviation Aircraft: Helicopters and Fixed-Wing
2.7 Why Helicopters Are Not Suitable for UAM at Scale
2.8 Worldwide Helicopter Fleet and General Aviation Market Size
2.9 What is Making eVTOL Possible Now?
2.10 The AAM Value Chain and Emerging Ecosystem
2.11 Key Issues, Challenges, and Constraints for eVTOL Air Taxis
2.12 NASA: UAM Challenges and Constraints

3.1 World eVTOL Aircraft Directory and Geographical Distribution
3.2 Main eVTOL Architectures Overview
3.3 eVTOL Architecture Choice: Trade-Offs and Considerations
3.4 Multicopter/Rotorcraft: Flight Modes, Key Players, Specifications, Benefits and Drawbacks
3.5 Lift Cruise: Flight Modes, Key Players, Specifications, Benefits and Drawbacks
3.6 Vectored Thrust - Tiltwing: Flight Modes, Key Players, Specifications, Benefits and Drawbacks
3.7 Vectored Thrust - Tiltrotor: Flight Modes, Key Players, Specifications, Benefits and Drawbacks
3.8 Range and Cruise Speed Comparison Across Electric eVTOL Designs
3.9 Hover Lift Efficiency, Disc Loading, and Cruise Efficiency by Architecture
3.10 Complexity, Criticality, and Cruise Performance
3.11 Comparative Assessment of eVTOL Architectures
3.12 Manned and Unmanned eVTOL Test Flight Progress
3.13 Full-Scale Demonstrators and Type-Conforming Aircraft Status

4.1 Where eVTOL Has a Competitive Advantage Over Ground Transport
4.2 Urban Private Hire: eVTOL vs. Taxi/Ride-Hailing (8-16 km)
4.3 Rural Private Hire: eVTOL vs. Private Car (16-40 km)
4.4 Rural Rideshare: eVTOL vs. Multiple Private Cars (40-80 km)
4.5 Sub-Regional Shuttle: eVTOL vs. Rail (100-160 km)
4.6 Cargo Delivery: eVTOL vs. Road Transport (Middle-Mile, 50-100 km)
4.7 Air Ambulance: eVTOL vs. Helicopter Emergency Services (60-100 km)
4.8 Multicopter eVTOL vs. Robotaxi: 10 km, 40 km, and 100 km Journey Comparisons
4.9 Vectored Thrust eVTOL vs. Robotaxi: 100 km Journey
4.10 Important Factors for Air Taxi Time Advantage
4.11 Conclusions on Air Taxi Time Saving and Viable Use Cases
4.12 eVTOL as an Urban Mass Mobility Solution: Feasibility Assessment

5.1 TCO Analysis Methodology
5.2 eVTOL vs. Helicopter Operating Cost Comparison
5.3 eVTOL Aircraft Upfront Cost Analysis (£3m-£5m Range)
5.4 eVTOL Operational Fuel Cost Savings
5.5 The Economic Value of Autonomous Flight
5.6 TCO Analysis: eVTOL Taxi US$/50 km Trip (Base Case)
5.7 TCO Analysis: US$/15 km Trip - Multicopter eVTOL Design
5.8 Sensitivity Analysis: Battery Cost and Performance
5.9 Sensitivity Analysis: Upfront/Infrastructure Cost
5.10 Sensitivity Analysis: Average Trip Length
5.11 Sensitivity Analysis: Higher/Lower eVTOL Capital Costs
5.12 Sensitivity Analysis: Reduced Flying Window and Increased Vertiport Travel Time
5.13 Sensitivity Analysis: Earlier Autonomous Capability (2030 vs. 2035)
5.14 Socio-Economic Impact Assessment: Direct and Indirect Benefits

6.1 Air Mobility Funding Landscape: Historical and Current Trends
6.2 eVTOL OEMs Attracting Large Funding Rounds
6.3 Strategic Investors: Aerospace and Automotive OEMs
6.4 eVTOL OEMs Will Have to Weather a Tougher Investor Climate
6.5 eVTOL Commercial Interest: Pre-Orders and Letters of Intent
6.6 Business Model Archetypes: System Providers, Service Providers, Hardware Providers, Ticket Brokers
6.7 OEM Model vs. Vertically Integrated Model
6.8 Consolidation and Shake-Out Outlook
6.9 New Manufacturing Facilities and Production Plans
6.10 Design for Manufacture (DfM) and High-Volume Production Challenges

7.1 Aerospace Companies eVTOL Involvement
7.1.1 RTX Corporation
7.1.2 General Electric
7.1.3 SAFRAN
7.1.4 Rolls-Royce
7.1.5 Honeywell
7.2 Automotive OEM Involvement
7.3 Composite Material Suppliers
7.4 Supply Chain Structure: Insource vs. Outsource Models

8.1 Joby Aviation
8.2 Archer Aviation (and Stellantis Partnership)
8.3 Lilium
8.4 Volocopter (VoloCity)
8.5 Vertical Aerospace
8.6 EHang
8.7 Wisk Aero
8.8 Eve Air Mobility (Embraer)
8.9 Supernal (Hyundai)
8.10 Airbus (CityAirbus NextGen)
8.11 SkyDrive
8.12 Autoflight (Prosperity I)
8.13 Jaunt Air Mobility
8.14 Honda eVTOL
8.15 Additional OEM Profiles
8.16 Players' Planned Production Capacity Comparison
8.17 Key Supplier Partnerships by OEM

9.1 Uber Elevate Legacy and Joby Aviation
9.2 US Air Force: Agility Prime
9.3 NASA: Advanced Air Mobility Mission and National Campaign
9.4 Groupe ADP eVTOL Test Area (Paris 2024 and Beyond)
9.5 eVTOL Intellectual-Property and Legal Disputes
9.6 China's Unmanned Civil Aviation Zones and Low-Altitude Economy Initiative
9.7 Favourable Policies and Regulations Supporting China's UAM
9.8 K-UAM Grand Challenge: South Korea
9.9 UK Future Flight Challenge (FFC) and CAA Initiatives
9.10 NEOM and Middle Eastern AAM Investments
9.11 Varon Vehicles: UAM in Latin America
9.12 Global Urban Air Mobility Radar: 110 Projects Worldwide

10.1 Battery Specifics for eVTOLs: The Battery Trilemma
10.2 eVTOL Battery Wish List and Requirements
10.3 Importance of Gravimetric Energy Density (Wh/kg) for Aviation
10.4 Li-ion Cathode and Anode Benchmarking for eVTOL
10.5 Li-ion Timeline: Technology and Performance Evolution
10.6 The Promise of Silicon Anodes for eVTOL Applications
10.7 Aerospace Battery Pack Sizing and Energy Density Considerations
10.8 Battery Specifications of Leading eVTOL OEMs
10.9 eVTOL Batteries: Specific Energy vs. Discharge Rates
10.10 Cell-to-Pack and Module Elimination Approaches
10.11 Beyond Li-ion: Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Aviation
10.12 Beyond Li-ion: Lithium-Metal and Solid-State Batteries (SSB)
10.13 Solid-State Battery Developers
10.14 CATL Condensed Battery and Other Advanced Concepts
10.15 Battery Technology Evolution Forecast: 2026-2037 (Wh/kg Roadmap)
10.16 Battery Chemistry Comparison for eVTOL: NMC, NCA, LFP, SSB, Li-S
10.17 Battery Fast Charging, Battery Swapping, and Distributed Modules
10.18 eVTOL Battery Cost Analysis and Trajectory
10.19 eVTOL Battery Supply Chain
10.20 Key Battery Suppliers
10.21 eVTOL Battery Demand Forecast 2026-2037 (GWh)
10.22 eVTOL Battery Market Revenue Forecast 2026-2037 (US$ million)

11.1 Competing Charging Standards in the AAM Market
11.2 Global Electric Aviation Charging System (GEACS)
11.3 BETA Technologies Charging (CCS-Based)
11.4 EPS Charging Solutions
11.5 Grid Power Requirements for Vertiport Charging
11.6 Off-Grid and Renewable Energy Solutions for Remote Vertiports
11.7 Vertiport Power Demand Decomposition: Electrical Distribution vs. Chargers
11.8 Vertiport Electrical Equipment Requirements and Single-Line Architecture
11.9 Charging Technologies, Charger Types, and Duty Cycles
11.9.1 Charger types and architectures
11.9.2 Charge cycles, C-rates and duty profiles
11.10 Grid Impact, Power Quality, and Reinforcement Requirements
11.10.1 Renewable and distributed-energy integration
11.11 On-Site Energy Storage and Operational Resilience
11.12 Electrical Standards and Regulatory Framework
11.13 Market Assessment: PAM and SAM (excluding China)
11.14 Market by Geography (excluding China)
11.15 Market by Application
11.16 Ecosystem Players and Competitive Positioning
11.17 Infrastructure and Value Chain
11.18 Potential Opportunity: Key Solutions and Buyers

12.1 Options for Hydrogen Use in Aviation
12.2 Key Systems Needed for Hydrogen Aircraft
12.3 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells for eVTOL
12.4 Hydrogen Aviation Company Landscape
12.5 Fuel Cell eVTOL: Players and Specifications
12.6 Challenges Hindering Hydrogen Aviation
12.7 Conclusions for Hydrogen Fuel Cell eVTOL
12.8 Hybrid Propulsion Systems: Series and Parallel Architectures
12.9 Hybrid Systems Optimisation
12.10 All-Electric Range vs. Fuel Cell and Hybrid Powertrains
12.11 Hybrid Propulsion: Turbines and Piston Engines
12.12 Honda eVTOL Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System
12.13 Conclusions for Hybrid eVTOL

13.1 eVTOL Motor/Powertrain Requirements
13.2 eVTOL Aircraft Motor Power Sizing and kW Estimates
13.3 Electric Motors and Distributed Electric Propulsion
13.4 Number of Electric Motors by eVTOL Design
13.5 Electric Motor Designs: Summary of Traction Motor Types
13.6 Motor Efficiency Comparison: PMSM vs. BLDC
13.7 Radial Flux vs. Axial Flux Motors
13.8 Why Axial Flux Motors for eVTOL?
13.9 List of Axial Flux Motor Players and Benchmark
13.10 Key Motor Suppliers
13.11 Power Density and Torque Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation
13.12 Power Electronics: SiC MOSFETs and High-Voltage Platforms for eVTOL

14.1 The Importance of Lightweighting in eVTOL Design
14.2 Comparison of Lightweight Materials
14.3 Introduction to Composite Materials: Fibres, Resins, and Reinforcements
14.4 Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) for eVTOL
14.5 Glass Fibres and Thermoplastic Composites
14.6 eVTOL Composite Material Requirements
14.7 Supply Chain for Composite Manufacturers
14.8 Key eVTOL-Composite Partnerships
14.9 Key Challenges for Composites in High-Volume eVTOL Production

15.1 The Roadmap from Piloted to Autonomous eVTOL Flight
15.2 Pilot Demand and Skill Level Evolution: 2026-2037
15.3 Detect and Avoid (DAA) Systems
15.4 Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Capabilities
15.5 AI-Powered Autonomous Flight Systems
15.6 Software-Defined Approaches for eVTOL: Lessons from the Automotive SDV Transition
15.7 Sensor Fusion and Perception Systems for eVTOL
15.8 Cybersecurity and Counter-AAM Considerations

16.1 Overview of the eVTOL Certification Landscape
16.2 European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
16.3 EASA Special Condition: SC-VTOL and Certification Categories
16.4 EASA EUROCAE Working Groups
16.5 US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Certification Pathways
16.6 Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) and Low-Altitude Economy Policy
16.7 UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and FFC Alignment with EASA/FAA
16.8 National Aviation Authority (NAA) Network: UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, USA
16.9 Design Organisation Authorisation (DOA) and Production Organisation Authorisation (POA)
16.10 Air Operator Certificates (AOC) and Airline Regulatory Requirements
16.11 Companies Pursuing eVTOL Development and Regulatory Approval: Status Tracker
16.12 Pilot Licensing and Training Requirements Evolution
16.13 Noise, Environmental, and Safety Regulations
16.14 When Will the First eVTOL Air Taxis Launch? Slipping Timelines Assessment

17.1 eVTOL Infrastructure Requirements: Overview
17.2 Vertiport Concepts: From Basic Pads to Full-Service Hubs
17.3 Vertiport Nodal Network Design
17.4 Companies Developing Vertiports
17.5 Vertiport Design Concepts
17.6 Lilium Scalable Vertiports
17.7 BETA Technologies Recharge Pads
17.8 EHang E-Port
17.9 Vertiport Technical Challenges: Real Estate, Planning Permission, Multi-Type Accommodation
17.10 Vertiport Security: Biometric Processing, Baggage Handling, Counter-Drone
17.11 Vertiport Forecast: Units Required 2026-2037
17.12 The "Chicken and Egg" Problem: Vertiports Before Certified Aircraft

18.1 eVTOL Urban Air Traffic Management (UATM) Requirements
18.2 UTM/ATM Integration: Combining Manned and Unmanned Traffic
18.3 NASA/FAA UAM Concept of Operations (ConOps)
18.4 European UTM Frameworks and Standardisation
18.5 Communication Infrastructure: 5G, Low-Latency Networks, and Redundancy
18.6 Digital Infrastructure and Drone Operation Centres
18.7 Global Fragmentation of UTM Standards

19.1 Public Acceptance of AAM: Survey Data and Trends
19.2 EASA Perception Studies
19.3 UK Public Perception of Drones and AAM
19.4 Safety and Security Considerations
19.5 Noise Impact and Community Concerns
19.6 Building Social Licence: Engagement Strategies and Government Initiatives
19.7 The Role of Commercial Drone Operations in Normalising Future Aviation

20.1 eVTOL and the Broader Drone Market: Convergence of Platforms
20.2 Cargo Drones and Large Autonomous Aircraft
20.3 Electric Conventional Take-Off and Landing (eCTOL) Aircraft
20.4 Software-Defined Vehicles and Cross-Over Technologies
20.5 Autonomous Ground Vehicle (Robotaxi) Competition and Complementarity
20.6 Multimodal Transport Integration and Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)
20.7 The Low-Altitude Economy: China's Strategic Framework

21.1 North America: United States and Canada
21.2 Europe: EU, UK, and EFTA
21.3 Asia-Pacific: China, South Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, Australia
21.4 Middle East: UAE, Saudi Arabia (NEOM), and Gulf States
21.5 Latin America
21.6 Africa
21.7 Regional Regulatory Comparison and Market Entry Timelines

22.1 Forecast Methodology and Assumptions
22.2 Global eVTOL Air Taxi Sales Forecast 2026-2037 (Units)
22.3 eVTOL Sales Forecast by Region/Economy Size (Units)
22.4 eVTOL Sales Forecast by Architecture Type
22.5 eVTOL Sales Forecast by Application (Air Taxi, Cargo, Air Ambulance, Military)
22.6 Replacement Demand vs. New Demand: Fleet Lifecycle Analysis
22.7 eVTOL Air Taxi Battery Demand Forecast 2026-2037 (GWh)
22.8 eVTOL Market Revenue Forecast 2026-2037 (US$ Billion)
22.9 Vertiport Deployment Forecast 2026-2037
22.10 Workforce and Pilot Demand Forecast 2026-2037

23.1 Market Outlook Summary
23.2 Key Findings
23.3 Strategic Recommendations

24.1 eVTOL OEM Profiles (29 COMPANY PROFILES)
24.2 Aerospace Tier 1 Suppliers with eVTOL Activity (6 COMPANY PROFILES)
24.3 Battery and Energy Storage Suppliers (12 COMPANY PROFILES)
24.4 Electric Motor and Propulsion System Suppliers (8 COMPANY PROFILES)
24.5 Composite Material and Lightweighting Suppliers (4 COMPANY PROFILES)
24.6 Vertiport and Infrastructure Developers (5 COMPANY PROFILES)
24.7 Air Traffic Management and Digital Infrastructure Providers (6 COMPANY PROFILES)
24.8 Automotive OEMs with eVTOL Investments (6 COMPANY PROFILES)
24.9 Aircraft Leasing and Fleet Operators
24.10 Cargo Drone and Convergent AAM Companies (5 COMPANY PROFILES)
24.11 Charging Infrastructure Providers (2 COMPANY PROFILES)
24.12 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell System Suppliers (3 COMPANY PROFILES)

25.1 Appendix A - Glossary of Terms and Acronyms
25.2 Appendix B - eVTOL OEM Certification Status Tracker (As of Q1 2026)
25.3 Appendix C - Forecast Data Tables - Detailed Annual Breakdowns
25.4 Appendix D - UK AAM Economic Impact Model Summary
25.5 Appendix E: Battery Technology Roadmap for eVTOL Aviation
25.6 Appendix F: Regulatory Framework Reference Guide
25.7 Appendix G: Methodology Notes

Table 1. Key Definitions: eVTOL, UAM, AAM, and Related Terminology
Table 2. Global eVTOL and AAM Market Summary: Key Metrics 2026-2037
Table 3. Key Market Drivers and Restraints Summary
Table 4. eVTOL Certification Status Tracker: Leading OEMs (as of 2026)
Table 5. eVTOL Air Taxi Battery Demand Forecast 2026-2037 (GWh)
Table 6. eVTOL Air Taxi Market Revenue Forecast 2026-2037 (US$ billion)
Table 7. Cumulative Vertiport Deployment Forecast 2026-2037 (Units)
Table 8. Cumulative eVTOL and Pilot Forecast 2026-2037
Table 9. Pilot Skill Level Evolution: 2026-2030, 2030-2034, 2035-2036
Table 10. Advantages of AAM Networks vs. Traditional Aviation and Ground Transport
Table 11. eVTOL Application Categories: Capacity, Range, and Distance Profiles
Table 12. GAMA General Aviation Helicopter Sales and Market Size
Table 13. Worldwide Helicopter Fleet by Region
Table 14. GAMA General Aviation Airplane Sales by Type
Table 15. Top 5 General Aviation OEMs by Airplane Type
Table 16. eVTOL vs. Helicopter Comparison: Noise, Cost, Emissions, Complexity
Table 17. Worldwide Helicopter Fleet by Region
Table 18. Worldwide Helicopter Fleet by OEM
Table 19. Convergence of Enabling Technologies for eVTOL
Table 20. AAM Ecosystem Participant Map: Aircraft, Ancillary, Airline, Airport, Airspace
Table 21. Key Challenges for eVTOL Air Taxis: Technical, Regulatory, Economic, Social
Table 22. Geographical Distribution of eVTOL Projects Worldwide
Table 23. World eVTOL Aircraft Directory: Number of Concepts by Region
Table 24. eVTOL Architecture Selection Criteria: Range, Speed, Complexity, Noise, Efficiency
Table 25. Multicopter/Rotorcraft Key Player Specifications (Range, Speed, Payload, Passengers)
Table 26. Benefits and Drawbacks of Multicopter Architecture
Table 27. Lift Cruise Key Player Specifications
Table 28. Benefits and Drawbacks of Lift Cruise Architecture
Table 29. Tiltwing Key Player Specifications
Table 30. Benefits and Drawbacks of Tiltwing Architecture
Table 31. Tiltrotor Key Player Specifications
Table 32. Benefits and Drawbacks of Tiltrotor Architecture
Table 33. Range vs. Cruise Speed Scatter Plot: Electric eVTOL Designs by Architecture
Table 34. Hover Lift Efficiency and Disc Loading by eVTOL Architecture
Table 35. Hover and Cruise Efficiency Comparison by Architecture Type
Table 36. Hover and Cruise Efficiency Comparison - Quantitative Metrics by Architecture Type
Table 37. Comprehensive Comparison of eVTOL Architectures: Multicopter, Lift Cruise, Tiltwing, Tiltrotor
Table 38. Manned Air Taxi eVTOL Test Flights: Dates, OEMs, Outcomes
Table 39. Unmanned Air Taxi eVTOL Model Test Flights
Table 40. Full-Scale Demonstrators and Type-Conforming Aircraft Status by OEM
Table 41. eVTOL Competitive Advantage by Distance and Setting
Table 42. Urban Private Hire Cost and Time Comparison
Table 43. Rural Private Hire Cost and Time Comparison
Table 44. Rural Rideshare Cost, Time, and Emissions Comparison
Table 45. Rural Rideshare Sensitivity Analysis - eVTOL Cost Per Passenger by Operations Phase
Table 46. Sub-Regional Shuttle Cost, Time, and Distance Comparison (12-seat eVTOL)
Table 47. Cargo Delivery Cost and Emissions Comparison (350 kg payload)
Table 48. Air Ambulance Journey: eVTOL vs. EC135 Helicopter
Table 49. Air Ambulance Cost, Response Time, and CO2 Comparison
Table 50. eVTOL Multicopter vs. Robotaxi: Journey Time and Cost at 10 km, 40 km, and 100 km
Table 51. Journey Time Comparison: eVTOL vs. Robotaxi by Distance
Table 52. Vectored Thrust eVTOL vs. Robotaxi: 100 km Journey Breakdown
Table 53. Key Variables Affecting Air Taxi Time Advantage
Table 54. Summary of Use Case Viability by Journey Type and Distance
Table 55. eVTOL Mass Mobility Feasibility Scorecard
Table 56. TCO Analysis Framework and Input Variables
Table 57. eVTOL vs. Helicopter Operating Cost Comparison (US$/flight hour)
Table 58. Operating Cost Breakdown: eVTOL vs. Helicopter
Table 59. eVTOL Aircraft Price Estimates by OEM and Architecture
Table 60. eVTOL Fuel Cost Savings vs. Conventional Aviation
Table 61. Piloted vs. Autonomous eVTOL Cost Impact (US$/trip)
Table 62. Impact of Autonomous Operation on TCO Over Time
Table 63. TCO Breakdown: eVTOL Taxi US$/50 km Trip (Base Case)
Table 64. TCO Breakdown: US$/15 km Trip (Multicopter)
Table 65. TCO Sensitivity to Battery Cost (US$/kWh) and Energy Density (Wh/kg)
Table 66. TCO Sensitivity to Aircraft Purchase Price and Infrastructure Cost
Table 67. TCO Sensitivity to Average Trip Length (km)
Table 68. TCO Impact: £3m vs. £5m vs. £182k eVTOL Capital Cost Scenarios
Table 69. Sensitivity Analysis: Decreased eVTOL Lifetime (10 Years vs. 5 Years)
Table 70. TCO Impact of 10-Year vs. 5-Year eVTOL Lifetime
Table 71. Economic Impact of Autonomous Capability in 2030 vs. 2035
Table 72. Annual and Aggregate Socio-Economic Impact by Use Case
Table 73. Investment in Passenger UAM Startups 2016-2026 (US$ million)
Table 74. Cumulative Investment by OEM (Top 10, Through 2026 Estimated)
Table 75. Largest eVTOL Funding Rounds to Date: Company, Round, Amount, Lead Investors
Table 76. Strategic Automotive and Aerospace Investors in eVTOL
Table 77. eVTOL Pre-Orders and Letters of Intent by OEM (Units and Value)
Table 78. Four UAM Business Model Archetypes
Table 79. Business Model Archetype Characteristics and Value Propositions
Table 80. OEM Model (Vertical Aerospace-type) vs. Vertically Integrated Model (Joby/Volocopter-type)
Table 81. Comparison of OEM vs. Vertically Integrated Business Models
Table 82. Planned eVTOL Manufacturing Facilities: Location, Capacity, OEM, Timeline
Table 83. Production Volume Targets by OEM and Year
Table 84. Top 10 Aerospace Companies by Revenue and eVTOL-Related Activities
Table 85. RTX Corporation eVTOL Technology Investments and Partnerships
Table 86. Automotive OEM eVTOL Investments, Partnerships, and Strategic Rationale
Table 87. Composite Material Supplier - eVTOL OEM Partnership Matrix
Table 88. Key Single-Source Component Risks in eVTOL Supply Chains
Table 89. Joby Aviation: Key Specifications, Funding, Certification Status, Partners
Table 90. Archer Aviation: Key Specifications, Funding, Partners
Table 91. Volocopter: Key Specifications, Certification Progress, Partners
Table 92. Vertical Aerospace: Key Specifications, Key Suppliers
Table 93. EHang: Key Specifications, Certification, Commercial Operations
Table 94. Wisk Aero: Key Specifications, Autonomous Systems
Table 95. Eve Air Mobility: Key Specifications, Suppliers, Partners
Table 96. Supernal S-A2: Key Specifications
Table 97. Airbus eVTOL Projects: Vahana, CityAirbus, CityAirbus NextGen
Table 98. SkyDrive SD-05: Key Specifications, Funding, Certification
Table 99. Additional eVTOL OEM Summary: Architecture, Country, Status, Backing
Table 100. eVTOL OEM Planned Annual Production Capacity Comparison
Table 101. Key Supplier Partnerships by eVTOL OEM (Propulsion, Battery, Composites, Avionics)
Table 102. Uber Air Mission Profile and Vehicle Requirements
Table 103. Agility Prime Participating Companies and Aircraft
Table 104. China Low-Altitude Economy: Key Policy Milestones and Designated Test Zones
Table 105. China UAM Policy and Regulatory Support Framework
Table 106. UK FFC Funded AAM Projects
Table 107. Middle Eastern AAM Investment Summary (NEOM, UAE, Saudi Arabia)
Table 108. UAM Projects by Region: Americas, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, Africa
Table 109. eVTOL Battery Wish List: Target Specifications
Table 110. Airbus Minimum Battery Requirements for eVTOL
Table 111. Uber Air Proposed Battery Requirements
Table 112. Li-ion Cathode Chemistry Benchmark: NMC, NCA, LFP
Table 113. Li-ion Anode Chemistry Benchmark: Graphite, Silicon, Lithium Metal
Table 114. Silicon Anode Technology Status and Commercialisation Timeline
Table 115. Battery Pack Size and Weight by eVTOL OEM
Table 116. Battery Specifications by eVTOL OEM: Chemistry, Capacity (kWh), Energy Density (Wh/kg), Supplier
Table 117. eVTOL Batteries: Specific Energy vs. Discharge Rate Trade-Off
Table 118. Gravimetric Energy Density Improvement from Module Elimination
Table 119. Li-S Battery Value Proposition for eVTOL Aviation
Table 120. Li-S Battery Performance Characteristics vs. Li-ion for Aviation Applications
Table 121. Thin Film vs. Bulk Solid-State Battery Comparison
Table 122. Solid-State Battery Technology Approaches: Ceramic, Sulfide, Polymer, Hybrid
Table 123. Solid-State Battery Developer Comparison
Table 124. CATL Condensed Battery Specifications and Aviation Applicability
Table 125. Battery Technology Evolution Forecast: Energy Density by Chemistry 2024-2036
Table 126. Battery Chemistry Comparison for eVTOL: Energy Density, Cycle Life, Cost, Safety, Readiness
Table 127. Charging Strategy Comparison: Fast Charging vs. Battery Swapping vs. Distributed Modules
Table 128. eVTOL Battery Cost Projections by Chemistry
Table 129. Key Battery Supplier Profiles: Product, Technology, eVTOL Customers
Table 130. eVTOL Air Taxi Battery Demand Forecast 2026-2037 (GWh)
Table 131. eVTOL Battery Market Revenue Forecast 2026-2037 (US$ million)
Table 132. Competing eVTOL Charging Standards Comparison: GEACS, CCS, Proprietary
Table 133. Estimated Grid Power Requirements by Vertiport Size (kW/MW)
Table 134. Vertiport Power Demand Modelling: Peak vs. Average Load
Table 135. Off-Grid Charging Technology Options for Remote Vertiports
Table 136. Peak Power Demand Decomposition by Vertiport Tier - Chargers vs. Distribution and Balance-of-Plant
Table 137. Representative Load Composition - Medium Urban Hub at Peak (˜4.2 MW)
Table 138. Peak power demand per vertiport by tier.
Table 139. Canonical Vertiport Single-Line Architecture (utility service ? aircraft)
Table 140. Vertiport Electrical Equipment Schedule by Tier
Table 141. Key Electrical Equipment - Function, Rating, Indicative Cost and Lead Time
Table 142. Indicative electrical equipment requirement by tier.
Table 143. eVTOL Charger Type Comparison
Table 144. Representative Charge-Cycle and Duty Profiles by Mission Type
Table 145. Charging technologies, charger types and duty cycles.
Table 146. Grid Impact and Reinforcement Matrix
Table 147. Renewable and DER Integration Options for Vertiports
Table 148. Grid impact and reinforcement requirements.
Table 149. Energy Storage and Resilience Tiers for Vertiports
Table 150. Value Streams from a Vertiport Battery Energy Storage System
Table 151. Energy storage and resilience needs by tier.
Table 152. Electrical Standards Applicable to Vertiport Charging Infrastructure
Table 153. Regulatory and Permitting Factors with Electrical Relevance
Table 154. Electrical standards and regulatory factors.
Table 155. eVTOL electrical and charging infrastructure: PAM and SAM (excluding China), 2025-2037.
Table 156. Mega-trends driving eVTOL infrastructure.
Table 157. Infrastructure market timeline, 2025 · 2030 · 2037.
Table 158. Serviceable infrastructure market (excluding China) by region, 2030 · 2035 · 2037.
Table 159. Infrastructure PAM by application, 2030 · 2035 · 2037.
Table 160. Top 10 players across the infrastructure ecosystem.
Table 161. Competitive positioning: Schneider Electric vs. Siemens, ABB and Eaton.
Table 162. eVTOL infrastructure value chain: scope, vendors and supplier role.
Table 163. Key stakeholders, roles and supplier touchpoints.
Table 164. Key solution × key buyer opportunity matrix.
Table 165. Hydrogen Use Options in Aviation: Combustion, Fuel Cell, Hybrid
Table 166. Key Systems Required for Hydrogen eVTOL Aircraft
Table 167. PEM Fuel Cell Specifications for eVTOL Applications
Table 168. Hydrogen Aviation Company Landscape: Fuel Cell and Combustion
Table 169. Fuel Cell eVTOL Players: Aircraft, FC System, Range, Payload
Table 170. Major Challenges for Hydrogen eVTOL: Infrastructure, Storage, Cost, Safety
Table 171. Comparison of Technology Options: Battery, Fuel Cell, Hybrid
Table 172. All-Electric Range Comparison - BEV, Fuel Cell, Series Hybrid, Parallel Hybrid (4-5 Seat eVTOL)
Table 173. Turbine vs. Piston Engine Hybrid Options for eVTOL
Table 174. Hybrid eVTOL SWOT Analysis
Table 175. eVTOL Motor and Powertrain Key Requirements
Table 176. eVTOL Power Requirement Estimates by Architecture and MTOW (kW)
Table 177. Number of Electric Motors by eVTOL OEM and Architecture
Table 178. Summary of Traction Motor Types: PMSM, BLDC, Induction, SRM
Table 179. Comparison of Traction Motor Construction and Merits
Table 180. Motor Efficiency Comparison Across Operating Range
Table 181. Differences Between PMSM and BLDC Motors
Table 182. Radial Flux vs. Axial Flux Motor Comparison: Power Density, Torque, Weight, Cost
Table 183. Axial Flux Motor Advantages for eVTOL Applications
Table 184. Axial Flux Motor Player List and Key Product Specifications
Table 185. Benchmark of Commercial Axial Flux Motors: Power, Torque, Weight, Efficiency
Table 186. Key Motor Supplier Profiles for eVTOL Applications
Table 187. Power Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation (kW/kg)
Table 188. Torque Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation (Nm/kg)
Table 189. SiC vs. Si IGBT Inverter Comparison for eVTOL
Table 190. Comparison of Lightweight Materials: Aluminium, Titanium, CFRP, GFRP
Table 191. Cost-Adjusted Fibre Property Comparison
Table 192. Comparison of Relative Fibre Properties
Table 193. Resins Overview and Property Comparison: Thermosets vs. Thermoplastics
Table 194. Glass Fibre and Thermoplastic Composite Applications in eVTOL
Table 195. eVTOL Composite Material Requirements: Structural, Aerodynamic, Fire Resistance
Table 196. eVTOL-Composite Supplier Partnership Matrix
Table 197. Key Challenges for Composite Manufacturing at eVTOL Scale
Table 198. Autonomy Level Definitions for eVTOL Aircraft
Table 199. Pilot Skill Level Requirements by Time Period
Table 200. Annual New eVTOLs and New Pilots Required 2026-2037
Table 201. DAA Technology Options for eVTOL: Radar, Lidar, Optical, ADS-B
Table 202. BVLOS Enablement Status by Region
Table 203. SDV Technology Transfer from Automotive to eVTOL
Table 204. Cybersecurity Threat Categories for eVTOL and UTM Systems
Table 205. EASA eVTOL Certification Framework Summary
Table 206. EASA SC-VTOL Certification Categories: Basic, Standard, Enhanced
Table 207. FAA Certification Pathway for eVTOL: Part 21, Part 23, Part 135
Table 208. CAAC Drone/eVTOL Classification System by Weight Category
Table 209. China Low-Altitude Economy Key Policy Milestones
Table 210. UK CAA eVTOL Regulatory Activity Summary
Table 211. DOA and POA Status by eVTOL OEM
Table 212. eVTOL Regulatory Approval Status Tracker: OEM, Authority, Status, Expected Date
Table 213. Pilot Licensing Framework for eVTOL by Jurisdiction
Table 214. Noise Level Comparison: eVTOL vs. Helicopter (dBA)
Table 215. OEM Launch Timeline Slippage Analysis
Table 216. Vertiport Tier Classification: Basic Landing Pad, Standard Terminal, Full-Service Hub
Table 217. Vertiport Tier Concepts
Table 218. Vertiport Developer Profiles: Company, Projects, Status, Key Partnerships
Table 219. Key Vertiport Technical and Logistical Challenges
Table 220. Vertiport Challenge Assessment: Impact vs. Difficulty Matrix
Table 221. Vertiport Security Technology Requirements
Table 222. Vertiport Deployment Forecast 2026-2037
Table 223. Estimated Vertiport Requirements by Region 2030, 2035, 2036
Table 224. Key UTM/ATM System Requirements for AAM
Table 225. UTM Standardisation Organisations Worldwide
Table 226. Communication Technology Requirements for AAM: 4G/5G, Satellite, Dedicated Aviation
Table 227. Global UTM Framework Comparison: USA, EU, China, UK, Japan, South Korea
Table 228. EASA UAM Perception Study Key Findings
Table 229. UK Public Support Levels by Use Case: Flying Taxis, Air Ambulance, Cargo Delivery
Table 230. Safety and Security Considerations for eVTOL Operations
Table 231. Noise Comparison: eVTOL vs. Helicopter vs. Ground Vehicles (dBA at Distance)
Table 232. Social Licence Building Strategies and UK FFC Initiatives
Table 233. Drone-UAM Convergence: Traditional Drones, Cargo Drones, Small UAM Comparison
Table 234. Large Cargo Drone Development Programs: Dronamics, Elroy Air, Windracers, Natilus, Pipistrel, Sabrewing
Table 235. eCTOL vs. eVTOL: Range, Payload, Infrastructure Requirements Comparison
Table 236. SDV Technology Transfer to eVTOL: OTA Updates, AI, Sensor Fusion, Digital Twins
Table 237. eVTOL vs. Robotaxi Competitive and Complementary Positioning by Distance
Table 238. China Low-Altitude Economy: Market Size Projections and Policy Framework
Table 239. North America AAM Market Overview: Regulatory Status, Key OEMs, Planned Routes, Infrastructure
Table 240. US eVTOL Planned Route Networks and Vertiport Locations
Table 241. European AAM Market Overview: EASA/CAA Status, OEMs, Initiatives
Table 242. Asia-Pacific AAM Market Overview by Country
Table 243. Asia-Pacific UAM Project Distribution
Table 244. Middle Eastern AAM Investment and Infrastructure Plans
Table 245. Latin America AAM Market Status
Table 246. African AAM Potential: Key Markets and Challenges
Table 247. Regional Regulatory Comparison Matrix: FAA, EASA, CAAC, CAA, JCAB, KOCA
Table 248. Forecast Methodology: Key Assumptions and Data Sources
Table 249. Global eVTOL Air Taxi Sales Forecast 2026-2037 (Units)
Table 250. eVTOL Sales Forecast by World Bank Country Wealth Definition (Units)
Table 251. eVTOL Sales Forecast by Architecture Type 2026-2037 (Units)
Table 252. eVTOL Sales Forecast by Application 2026-2037 (Units)
Table 253. Total Annual eVTOL Demand: Replacement of Legacy eVTOLs vs. New Demand
Table 254. Fleet Lifecycle and Replacement Demand Analysis 2026-2040
Table 255. eVTOL Battery Demand Forecast 2026-2037
Table 256. eVTOL Market Revenue Forecast by Segment 2026-2037 (US$ Billion)
Table 257. Global Vertiport Deployment Forecast 2026-2037
Table 258. Global eVTOL Workforce Demand Forecast 2026-2037
Table 259. Glossary of Key Terms and Acronyms
Table 260. eVTOL OEM Certification Status - Major Programmes
Table 261. Global eVTOL Market Revenue Forecast - Annual Detail 2026-2037 (US$ Billion)
Table 262. UK AAM Economic Impact Summary
Table 263. UK AAM Use Case Summary
Table 264. Aviation Battery Technology Roadmap 2026-2037
Table 265. Key Regulatory Standards and Documents for eVTOL Certification

Figure 1. The AAM "5As" Ecosystem Framework
Figure 2. The Advanced Air Mobility Ecosystem Value Chain
Figure 3. Global AAM Market Revenue 2026-2037 (US$ billion)
Figure 4. Different e-VTOL configurations developed from 2016: (a) Tilt-Wing (T-W); (b) Lift Cruise (L C) ; (c) Tilt-Rotor (T-R); (d) Multi-Rotor (M-R)
Figure 5. Evolution from UAM to AAM: Expanding Scope and Applications
Figure 6. Distributed Electric Propulsion Configuration Example
Figure 7. The Advanced Air Mobility Value Chain
Figure 8. Multicopter Flight Modes: Hover, Transition, Cruise
Figure 9. Lift Cruise Flight Modes
Figure 10. Tiltwing Flight Modes
Figure 11. Tiltrotor Flight Modes
Figure 12. Joby eVTOL taxis .
Figure 13. Rural Private Hire Journey Schematic
Figure 14. Expected Industry Consolidation Timeline
Figure 15. Li-ion Battery Timeline: Technology and Performance 2010-2036
Figure 16. Energy Density Roadmap: Graphite ? Silicon Composite ? Pure Silicon Anodes
Figure 17. Li-S Battery SWOT Analysis
Figure 18. Li-S Battery Market Value Chain
Figure 19. Lithium-Metal Battery SWOT Analysis
Figure 20. Battery Energy Density Roadmap 2024-2036 (Wh/kg): LiPo, Silicon Anode, Solid-State, Li-S, Li-Air
Figure 21. Battery Chemistry Radar Chart Comparison for eVTOL - Scores (1-10)
Figure 22. eVTOL Battery Cost Trajectory 2024-2036 (US$/kWh)
Figure 23. eVTOL Battery Supply Chain: Raw Materials ? Cell Manufacturing ? Pack Assembly ? OEM Integration
Figure 24. The GEACS charging system.
Figure 25. BETA Technologies Charging Network Concept
Figure 26. Peak power demand per vertiport by tier: charging load vs. electrical distribution (MW)
Figure 27. Global eVTOL electrical and charging infrastructure: potential vs. serviceable market (excluding China), 2025-2037 (US$ million).
Figure 28. Serviceable infrastructure market excluding China, by region, 2037 (US$ million).
Figure 29. eVTOL infrastructure potential addressable market by application segment, 2030 vs. 2037 (US$ million).
Figure 30. The eVTOL infrastructure value chain.
Figure 31. Series vs. Parallel Hybrid Propulsion Architectures
Figure 32. Hybrid System Power/Energy Optimisation Curve
Figure 33. Honda eVTOL Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System
Figure 34. Distributed Electric Propulsion Configuration and Motor Placement
Figure 35. Radial Flux vs. Axial Flux Motor Construction
Figure 36. Yoked vs. Yokeless Axial Flux Motor Configurations
Figure 37. Inverter Power Density Improvement Timeline
Figure 38. Weight Breakdown of a Typical eVTOL Aircraft
Figure 39. CFRP Supply Chain for eVTOL Manufacturing
Figure 40. Composite Material Supply Chain: Fibre ? Prepreg ? Layup ? Curing ? Assembly
Figure 41. Autonomy Roadmap: Piloted ? Supervised ? Remote Pilot ? Fully Autonomous
Figure 42. Typical Sensor Suite for eVTOL: Cameras, Radar, LiDAR, Ultrasonic, ADS-B
Figure 43. eVTOL Certification Timeline: Expected Type Certificate Dates by OEM
Figure 44. eVTOL Commercial Launch Timeline: Original Targets vs. Current Expectations
Figure 45. Vertiport Infrastructure Ecosystem: Physical, Digital, Energy
Figure 46. Vertistops, Vertiports, and Vertihubs
Figure 47. CORGAN Stacked Skyport Concept
Figure 48. CORGAN Mega Skyport Concept
Figure 49. CORGAN Uber Skyport Mobility Hub Concept
Figure 50. Hyundai Future Mobility Urban Vision
Figure 51. Lilium Scalable Vertiport Design
Figure 52. BETA Technologies Recharge Pad Network
Figure 53. EHang E-Port Infrastructure Concept
Figure 54. UTM/ATM Integration Layers
Figure 55. NASA/FAA UAM ConOps 1.0 Framework
Figure 56. Digital Infrastructure for AAM: Drone Operations Centre Architecture
Figure 57. Expected eVTOL Commercial Service Launch Timeline by Region
Figure 58. EHang EH216-S
Figure 59. Vertical Aerospace eVOTL aircraft