Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms: Invertebrates and Entomopathogens, Second Edition explores the latest advancements and technologies for large-scale rearing and manipulation of natural enemies while presenting ways of improving success rate, predictability of biological control procedures, and demonstrating their safe and effective use. Organized into three sections, Parasitoids and Predators, Pathogens, and Invertebrates for Other Applications, this second edition contains important new information on production technology of predatory mites and hymenopteran parasitoids for biological control, application of insects in the food industry and production methods of insects for feed and food, and production of bumble bees for pollination.
Beneficial organisms include not only insect predators and parasitoids, but also mite predators, nematodes, fungi, bacteria and viruses. In the past two decades, tremendous advances have been achieved in developing technology for producing these organisms. Despite that and the globally growing research and interest in biological control and biotechnology applications, commercialization of these technologies is still in progress. This is an essential reference and teaching tool for researchers in developed and developing countries working to produce "natural enemies� in biological control and integrated pest management programs.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction2. Production of Coleopteran Predators
3. Production of Heteropteran Predators
4. Production of Dipteran Parasitoids
5. Mass Rearing Bemisia Parasidoids for Support of Classical and Augmentative Biological Control Programs
6. Mass Rearing of the Stem-Galling Wasp Tetramesa romana, A Biological Control Agent of the Invasive Weed Arundo donax
7. Artificial Diet Development for Entomophagous Arthropods
8. Life Tables as Tools of Evaluation and Quality Control for Arthropod Mass Production
9. Concepts and Methods of Quality Assurance for Mass-Reared Parasitoids and Predators
10. Production of Entomopathogenic Nematodes
11. Mass Production of Entomopathogenic Fungi: State of the Art
12. Commercial Production of Entomopathogenic Bacteria
13. Production of Entomopathogenic Viruses
14. Formulations of Entomopathogens as bioinsecticides
15. Mass Production of Entomopathogens in Less Industrialized Countries
16. Insect Protein as a Partial Replacement for Fishmeal in the Diets of Juvenile Fish and Crustaceans
17. Insects as Food for Insectivores
18. Insects for Human Consumption
19. Production of Solitary Bees for Pollination in the United States
20. Current and Potential Benefits of Mass Earthworm Culture
Authors
Juan A. Morales-Ramos USDA-ARS, National Biological Control Laboratory, Stoneville, MS, USA.Dr. Morales' main expertise is in mass production of arthropods, insect nutritional ecology and the
development of rearing methods and mechanization of rearing processes for beneficial arthropods.
Between 1992 and 1998, he developed mass propagation technology for the boll weevil parasitoid
Catolaccus grandis. This research earned him the USDA-ARS scientist of the year award in 2002.
During 1998 and 2004 he developed termite and ant baiting systems. This research earned him the
USDA-ARS technology transfer award and the Federal Laboratory Consortium regional excellence in
technology transfer award in 2004. Since 2004, he has developed novel rearing methods for
predatory mites and other beneficial arthropods. This included new technology for separation of
mealworm sizes for infection with entomopathogenic nematodes, novel methods for mass producing
Tenebrio molitor, mechanized methods to pack T. molitor cadavers infected with nematodes, and
mechanized methods for infecting T. molitor larvae with entomopathogenic nematodes. The work on
the in-vivo production of entomopathogenic nematodes using T. molitor earn him the National
Federal laboratory Consortium award of excellence in technology transfer in 2013. Dr. Morales-
Ramos has produced a total of 104 publications and 12 patents; his is currently the project leader of
the project titled "Mass Production of Biological Control Agents?. Dr. Morales-Ramos recently edited
the book titled "Mass production of Beneficial Organisms? published in January 2014 by Elsevier.
M. Guadalupe Rojas USDA-ARS, National Biological Control Laboratory, Stoneville, MS, USA.
Dr. Rojas' main expertise is in insect nutrition, nutritional ecology and the development of artificial
diets for biological control agents and bait matrixes to control termites and ants. Between 1993 to
1998 she developed an artificial diet for the boll weevil parasitoid Catolaccus grandis. Between 1998
and 2004, she developed bait matrices for control of the Formosan subterranean termite and
household ants, both of which were successfully commercialized by Ensystex and FMC, and still are
sold world-wide. This work earned her the USDA-ARS technology transfer award and the Federal
Laboratory Consortium regional excellence in technology transfer award in 2004. Since 2004, she has
developed artificial diets for predatory mites and other insect predators and improved susceptibility
of Tenebrio molitor to entomopathogenic nematodes. The work on the in-vivo production of
entomopathogenic nematodes using T. molitor earned her the National Federal laboratory Consortium award of excellence in technology transfer in 2013. Dr. Rojas has produced a total of 99 publications and holds 12 patents, her current responsibilities include principal scientist on 3 different research agreements with 3 different companies including Syngenta Bioline, Kopert, and Monsanto. ?. Dr. Rojas recently co-edited the book titled "Mass production of Beneficial Organisms? published in January 2014 by Elsevier.
David I. Shapiro-Ilan USDA-ARS, SAA, SE Fruit and Tree Nut Research Unit, Byron, GA, USA.
