This reference explores the science of signaling mechanisms associated with diseases like endocrine, metabolic and immune disorders which are linked to oxidative stress mediated disease mechanisms. The common diseases in these categories include diabetes mellitus and arthritis and conditions defined by inflammation and autoimmunity.
These diseases involve metabolic pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species or free radicals. The pathways are targets in the mechanism of drugs which aim to treat related disorders. The book covers key topics in free radical biology that help to understand the nature of the pathways and the pharmacology of the drugs that are designed to target them.
2. Role of GSK3 in regulation of insulin release and glucose metabolism
3. Regulatory role of NRF2 in rheumatoid arthritis
4. Role of free radical biology in Alzheimer’s disease
5. Regulatory role of immune cells mediated antibody on rheumatoid arthritis
The accessible and structured text in this reference make it a suitable resource for all biomedical scientists, faculty and postgraduate students in academia and industry.
These diseases involve metabolic pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species or free radicals. The pathways are targets in the mechanism of drugs which aim to treat related disorders. The book covers key topics in free radical biology that help to understand the nature of the pathways and the pharmacology of the drugs that are designed to target them.
Five chapters elucidate the free radical biology of the diseases:
1. Role of free radical biology in diabetes mellitus2. Role of GSK3 in regulation of insulin release and glucose metabolism
3. Regulatory role of NRF2 in rheumatoid arthritis
4. Role of free radical biology in Alzheimer’s disease
5. Regulatory role of immune cells mediated antibody on rheumatoid arthritis
Key features:
- Elucidates the key biochemical and pharmacological mechanisms that are mediated by free radicals in common endocrine, metabolic and immune diseases
- Explains the activation of immunological factors (like RF and ACPA) that trigger inflammation and arthritis
- Covers the role of free radicals in Alzheimer’s disease and new interventions that target mitochondrial mechanisms
- Systematically explains the molecular biology of free radicals with the help of schematic diagrams
- Includes references for further reading
The accessible and structured text in this reference make it a suitable resource for all biomedical scientists, faculty and postgraduate students in academia and industry.
Table of Contents
FOREWORD- i PREFACE
- ii REFERENCES
- ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- iv LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
- v CHAPTER 1 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY OF DIABETES MELLITUS
- Bidita Khandelwal, Chamma Gupta, Levin Thomas, Sonal Sekhar Miraj, Mahadev Rao, Rubi Dey, Karma Gurmey Dolma, Rinchen Doma Bhutia and Vijay Pratap Singh INTRODUCTION-FREE RADICALS
- HISTORY ON THE CONCEPT OF FREE RADICALS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM
- CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE RADICALS AND OXIDANTS
- Types of Free Radicals
- GENERATION/SOURCE OF FREE RADICALS AND OXIDANTS
- BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF FREE RADICALS AND OXIDANTS
- OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO DNA, LIPIDS, AND PROTEINS
- OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO LIPID
- OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO PROTEIN
- OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE
- FREE RADICALS, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN DIABETES MELLITUS
- Overview
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Diabetes Mellitus and Free Radical
- Free Radicals: Molecular Mechanism of Production and Mode of Action in DM
- Increased Glycolysis and β-cell Dysfunction
- Increased Polyol/sorbitol Pathway Flux
- Glucose Auto-oxidation
- Glycosylation
- OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DIABETES MELLITUS
- Molecular Mechanisms Linking Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus
- Lipid Peroxidation
- β-cell Dysfunction
- Inflammatory Processes
- GLUT-4 Down Regulation and/or Localization
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction
- Impairment of the Normal Insulin Signaling Pathways
- Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in DM
- Antioxidant Supplementation- Advantages and Inconveniences
- CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS IN DIABETES MELLITUS (DM)
- Concepts of Functional Food and Nutraceuticals
- Natural
- Artificial
- YOGA, LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS
- CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
- Antioxidants Rich Diet
- Exercise
- Medicinal Plants
- Vitamins, Micronutrients, and Probiotics Supplementation
- Antioxidants Supplementation for the Treatment of Diabetic Complications
- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- ABBREVIATIONS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2 ROLE OF GSK-3 IN THE REGULATION OF INSULIN RELEASE AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM
- Debjeet Sur, Pallab Kanti Haldar, Himangshu Sekhar Maji, Ashok Kumar, Balaraman Lopamudra Roy and Asis Bala INTRODUCTION
- PROPERTIES AND REGULATION OF GSK-3
- STRUCTURE OF GSK-3β
- ROLE OF GSK-3 IN GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS AND INSULIN SIGNALLING
- ROLE OF GSK-3 IN INSULIN RESISTANCE
- ROLE OF GSK-3 IN GLUT4 REGULATION
- REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION IN T2DM BY GSK-3
- ROLE OF GSK-3 IN β-CELL APOPTOSIS
- DESIGNING OF GSK-3 INHIBITOR
- GSK-3 INHIBITORS: CURRENT STATUS
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- ABBREVIATIONS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3 THE REGULATORY ROLE OF NRF-2 IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- Satyajit Tripathy, Barsha Dassarma, Mohammed Alsaweed and Motlalepula Gilbert Matsabisa INTRODUCTION
- NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID 2-RELATED FACTOR-2 (NRF-2) AND REGULATION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND PROTECTIVE MECHANISM IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)
- CONTROL OF RA BY NRF-2 INDUCER
- DIFFERENT NRF-2 INDUCERS AND THEIR POSSIBLE MODE OF ACTION
- Sulforaphan (SFN)
- Dimethyl fumarate (DMF)
- Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- Antirheumatic gold(I)
- 15d-PGJ2
- Allylpyrocatechol (APC)
- NRF-2 INHIBITOR: INHIBITION ON KEAP-1- NRF-2 SYSTEM
- EXPRESSIONS OF DIFFERENT INFLAMMATORY MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- NRF-2/HO-1 SIGNALLING IN THE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
- Samrat Singh Bhandari, Nileswar Das and Vatsala Sharma INTRODUCTION
- OXIDATIVE STRESS AND AD PATHOGENESIS
- OXIDATIVE STRESS AND RISK FACTORS FOR AD
- Genetic Factor
- Aging
- Hypoxia
- Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- OXIDATIVE STRESS PROMOTES THE PROGRESSION OF AD
- PRODUCTS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS FURTHER EXACERBATE AD
- Products of Lipid Oxidation
- Products of Protein Oxidation
- Products of Glycoxidation
- ANTIOXIDANTS AND THEIR ROLES IN AD
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5 REGULATORY ROLE OF IMMUNE CELL-MEDIATED ANTIBODIES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- Debanjana Das, Sumit Kumar, Asis Bala and Chaitali Mondal INTRODUCTION
- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- AUTOANTIBODIES
- RHEUMATOID FACTOR (RF)
- ANTI CITRULLINATED PROTEIN ANTIBODY (ACPA)
- ANTI CARBAMYLATED PROTEIN ANTIBODIES (ANTI-CARP)
- ANTI-ACETYLATED PROTEIN ANTIBODIES (ACPA)
- ANTIGLUCOSE-6 PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE ANTIBODIES (ANTI-GPI)
- NATURAL AND PATHOGENIC ANTIBODIES (NABS)
- ANTI-CALPASTATIN ANTIBODIES
- ANTI-P68 ANTIBODIES OR HEAVY CHAIN BINDING PROTEIN AUTOANTIBODIES (BIP)
- ANTI-SA ANTIBODIES
- ANTI-RA33 ANTIBODIES
- ANTIKERATINE ANTIBODIES (AKA)
- ANTIPERINUCLEAR FACTOR (APF)
- ANTIFILAGGRIN
- ANTI-NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES (ANCA)
- ANTI-NUCLEAR ANTIGEN ANTIBODIES (ANA)
- ANTI-COLLAGEN TYPE II ANTIBODIES
- ANTI-FIBRONECTIN ANTIBODIES
- OTHER AUTOANTIBODIES
- EXPERT OPINION ON REGULATORY ROLE OF IMMUNE CELL MEDIATED ANTIBODIES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- CONCLUSION
- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- IMPORTANT ABBREVIATIONS
- REFERENCES
- SUBJECT INDEX
Author
- Asis Bala
