Multi-system Imaging Spectrum associated with Neurologic Diseases

Table of Contents

Contributors
Biographies
Foreword I
Foreword II
Preface

1. Introduction
Bo Gao, Shi-ji Kan and Bihong T. Chen

1. Pathogenesis of multisystem diseases
2. Diagnostic algorithm of multisystem diseases
2.1 Overall approach in imaging diagnosis
2.2 Thinking process in imaging diagnosis
3. The role of imaging in diagnosing multisystem diseases
3.1 Overview
3.2 Pathophysiology
3.3 Central Nervous System involvement
3.4 Urinary system
3.5 Digestive system
3.6 Musculoskeletal system
3.7 Respiratory system
References

2. Nervous system
Heng Liu and Xiaoqing Liu

2.1 Multisystem effects of SturgeeWeber Syndrome
1. Introduction
2. Pathogenesis
3. Central nervous system
4. Skin
5. Eyes
6. Endocrine system
References

2.2 Multisystem effects of neurofibromatosis
1. Introduction
2. Pathology
3. Central nervous system
4. Musculoskeletal system
5. Respiratory system
6. Skin
References

2.3 Multisystem effects of tuberous sclerosis complex
1. Introduction
2. Pathogenesis
3. Central nervous system
4. Respiratory system
5. Circulatory system
6. Urinary system
7. Skin and oral cavity
References

2.4 Multisystem effects of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
1. Introduction
2. Pathogenesis
3. Central nervous system
4. Digestive system
5. Urinary system
6. Endocrine system
7. Reproductive system
8. Eyes
9. Ears
References

3. Muscular system
Daniel Phung, Gordon Crews, Raymond Huang and Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei

1. Poliomyelitis
2. Scleroderma
3. Rhabdomyosarcoma
References

4. Respiratory system
Tian-le Wang

4.1 Aspergillosis
References
4.2 Langerhans cell histiocytosis
References
4.3 Metastatic tumor
References
4.4 Neurogenic pulmonary edema
References
4.5 Nocardia infection
References
4.6 Tuberculosis
References
4.7 Tuberous sclerosis complex
References

5. Cardiovascular system
Jing Wang and Teng Jin

5.1 Neurological complications of cardiac surgery
Jing Wang

1. Peripheral nerve injuries
2. Abnormal visual function
3. Cognitive dysfunctions
4. Heart transplantation
References

5.2 Neurologic complication of infective endocarditis
Jing Wang

1. Ischemic lesion
2. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs)
3. Hemorrhagic lesions
4. Intracranial mycotic aneurysms
5. Brain abscess and meningitis
Further reading

5.3 Neurological complications of hypertension
Teng Jin

1. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
2. Hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage
3. Lacunar infarcts
4. Binswanger syndrome
References

5.4 Neurological complications of systemic vasculitis
Teng Jin

1. Bechet's disease
2. Takayasu arteritis
3. Giant cell arteritis
4. Wegner's granulomatosis
References

6. Digestive system
Peng Liu

1. Introduction
2. Hepatic encephalopathy
3. Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration
4. Pancreatic encephalopathy
5. Hepatic myelopathy
6. Wernicke encephalopathy
7. Inflammatory bowel disease CNS involvement
8. Wilson disease
9. Tuberous sclerosis
10. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
11. Von Hippel-Lindau disease
12. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
13. Turcot syndrome
14. Neurofibromatosis type 1
15. Gardner syndrome
16. IgG4-related diseases
17. Sarcoidosis
18. Behc�et disease
19. Systemic sclerosis
20. Amyloidosis
References

7. Excretory system
Pinggui Lei and Bin Huang

1. Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
2. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
3. Behc�et's disease
4. Uremic encephalopathy
5. Polycystic kidneys disease
Further reading

8. Reproductive system
Xuntao Yin and Huiying Wu

1. Role of estrogen on neurological disorders
1.1 Estrogen in the brain
1.2 Estrogen and mood disorders
1.3 Estrogen and Alzheimer's disease
1.4 Estrogen and Parkinson's disease
1.5 Estrogen and multiple sclerosis
2. Paraneoplastic syndromes
2.1 Subacute cerebellar degeneration/cerebellar ataxia
2.2 Limbic encephalitis and anti-N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis
2.3 Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome
2.4 Paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuropathy
2.5 Sensorimotor neuropathy
2.6 Lamberteeaton myasthenic syndrome
2.7 Myasthenia gravis
3. AIDS
3.1 AIDS patients with CNS cryptococcosis
3.2 AIDS patients with CNS lymphoma
References

9. Skeletal system
Daniel Phung, Gordon Crews, Raymond Huang and Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei

1. Ankylosing spondylitis
2. Pigmented villonodular synovitis
3. Chordoma
4. Extradural meningioma
5. Cerebral fat emboli
6. Rheumatoid arthritis
7. Osteochondroma
References

10. Endocrine system
Raymond Huang, Daniel Phung, Gordon Crews and Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei

1. Background: pituitary adenoma
2. Prolactinoma
3. Acromegaly
4. Pituitary hyperplasia
5. Apoplexy/hemorrhagic adenoma
6. Thyroid-ophthalmopathy
7. DM and associated neurologic complications
References

11. Immune system
Gordon Crews, Alexander Lerner, Daniel Phung and Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei

1. Acute disseminated encephalomyelopathy
2. Multiple sclerosis
3. Neuromyelitis optica
4. Autoimmune encephalitis
5. Neurosarcoidosis
6. Systemic lupus erythematosus
7. Bell's palsy
8. CNS vasculitis
References

12. Lymphatic system
Jing Yu

12.1 Sarcoidosis
Further reading
12.2 Lymphoma
Further reading
12.3 Leukemias
Further reading
12.4 POEMS syndrome
Further reading

13. Integumentary system
Xia Du

13.1 Neurofibromatosis
Further reading
13.2 Tuberous sclerosis
Further reading
13.3 SturgeeWeber syndrome
Further reading
13.4 Neurocutaneous melanosis
Further reading

Index

Authors

Bo Gao MD, PhD, Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, China. Dr. Gao Bo Gao, MD, PhD is Professor and Vice Chair in the Department of Radiology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, in China. His three major areas of research interest are 1) radiomics, radiogenomics and AI in cancer imaging; 2) functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and permeability imaging in tumor theranostics; and 3) posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and associated entities. Dr. Gao has edited Classic Imaging Signs (2021) and Imaging of CNS Infections and Neuroimmunology (2019) both with Springer and has published over 2 dozen journal articles. Alexander Lerner MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Radiology, Program Director of USC/LAC+USC Neuroradiology Fellowship, Director of Clinical Functional MRI, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, USA. Dr. Lerner is an Associate Professor of Clinical Radiology, Program Director of USC/LAC+USC Neuroradiology Fellowship and Director of Clinical Functional MRI in the Department of Radiology at Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California in USA. Dr. Lerner's research interests include advanced MR imaging using functional MRI, DTI, MR perfusion, and permeability imaging of the brain and spinal cord. He specializes in the diagnosis of disorders causing headaches, neurovascular compression disorders, CSF flow disorders, epilepsy, inflammatory, and degenerative disorders of the CNS. Dr. Lerner has been an invited speaker at multiple radiology societies at regional and national levels. He has also authored and coauthored multiple publications and book chapters.