Neurobiology and Physiology of the Endocannabinoid System

Table of Contents

Preface

I. Setting the scene and introductory chapters

1. Distribution of the endocannabinoid system: linking signalling and development Michaela Dvorakova and Anna Kalinovsky

2. The endocannabinoid system, immunomodulation, and LPS-induced inflammation Elliot Lloyd, Nina Nguyen and Judith Hellman

3. Physiology of the endocannabinoid systems: imaging and the use of positron emission tomography (PET) Claudia Poluga, Cassis Varlow, Neil Vasdev, Isabelle Boileau and Laura M. Best

4. The endocannabinoid system and aging Prof. Vahid Reza Askari

5. The endocannabinoid system and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a new narrative Luke Ney, Kevin M. Crombie and Leah M. Mayo

II. Neurobiology of the endocannabinoid system

6. The protective effect of the endocannabinoid system in neurotoxin induced damage to hippocampal neurons: a focus on light and electron microscopy Rita Yakovlevna Gordon, Valentina Kitchigina and Irina Mikheeva

7. Endocannabinoid Signaling and excitatory and inhibitory synapses Jian Liang and Corette J. Wierenga

8. The endocannabinoids and potassium channels: an updated narrative Yu-Fung Lin

9. Social interactions and neural activity: linking cellular studies and endocannabinoid signalling Cheryl McCormick

10. Exercise and Parkinson's disease: linking in the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2), and mu-opioid receptors Marucia Chacur Sr., Caroline Cristiano Real Greg�rio and Karina Henrique Binda

11. Endocannabinoids and inhalant misuse: neuropsychological aspects John Woodward

12. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in substance use disorders: FAAH regulation and inhibition in cannabis, alcohol, nicotine, stimulant, and opioid use disorders Garth E. Terry and Greta Niemela

13. Treatment of pain with dual fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme and human soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme inhibitors: interlinking the endocannabinoid system Stevan Pecic and Ram Kandasamy

14. WWL70: linking the hydrolyses 2-arachidonoylglycerol, endocannabinoid and eicosanoid pathways: therapeutic potential and neurological disease Mikiei Tanaka and Yumin Zhang

15. Endocannabinoid catabolic enzyme inhibitors and pain alleviation Sidney Stevens Negus and Clare Diester

16. The endocannabinoid system in health and disease: features in epilepsy Christopher Mart�nez-Aguirre, Maria de los Angeles Nu�ez-Lumbreras and Luisa Lilia Rocha

17. The endocannabinoid system and autoimmune demyelination: a focus on multiple sclerosis Ana Bernal-Chico, Andres Baraibar, Alvaro Moreno-Garcia, Teresa Colomer, Ester Sanchez, Carmen Utrilla, Carlos Matute and Susana Mato

18. Endocannabinoid signaling and the lateral habenula Jiang-Hong Ye

19. On the interplay among endocannabinoid, noradrenergic and glucocorticoid systems: evidence from aversive memory studies Mois�s Dos Santos Corr�a, Raquel Fornari, Cristina A. Stern, Leandro Jos� Bertoglio and Lucas Gazarini

III. Receptor biology and responses

20. Adenosine A2A-cannabinoid CB1 receptor heteromers in the brain: From trans-inhibition to trans-activation Ester Aso and Francisco Ciruela

21. Hippocampal CB1, CB2 receptors, the endocannabinoid system and fear memory Ana Maria Raymundi and Cristina A. Stern

22. Beta-caryophyllene, the CB2 cannabinoid receptor-specific agonists and wound healing Prof. S. Koyama and Thomas Heinbockel

23. The nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway: impact of WIN 55212-2 as a potent cannaboinoid receptor agonist Enzo Perez-Valenzuela and Jose Antonio Fuentealba Evans

24. Peripheral cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonists and impact on adipocytes Morvarid Kabir

25. Endocannabinoid system receptors in plasma membranes : extraction, lipid rafts and the cortex Changiz Taghibiglou and Hajar Miranzadeh Mahabadi

26. Applications to wound healing: cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonism and collagen deposition In�s Correia-Sa

27. Role of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a component of the endocannabinoid system, in anxiety, depression, and cocaine addiction Carmen S. Maldonado-Vlaar and Wickensonn Norze

28. Allosteric modulators of the endocannabinoid system: Org27569 and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) Dai Lu

29. Naturally occurring DELTA-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-derivatives and binding to CB1 and CB2 receptors: Linking in the endocannabinoid system Irene Reyes-Resina, Rafael Rivas-Santisteban, Iu Ra�ch, Claudia Llin�s del Torrent, Jaume Lillo, Rafael Franco and Gemma Navarro

IV. Profiles and behaviour of selective endocannabinoids

30. New cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2 agonists and applications to understanding the endocannabinoid system Manuel Faundez-Parraguez

31. Fatty acid amide hydrolase, the endocannabinoid anandamide and neurological disease Filomena Fezza

32. The endocannabinoid-system in the immuno-biology of dendritic cells Dipyaman Ganguly

33. Palmitoylethanolamide and other anandamide congeners in neuroinflammation-based disorders: linking in the endocannabinoid system Enza Palazzo

34. Endocannabinoid modulation of synaptic function and behavior in the dorsomedial hypothalamus Karen M. Crosby

35. Key role of anandamide and the endocannabinoid system in the modulation of cardio-renal homeostasis Prof. Virna M. Mart�n Gimenez and Walter Manucha

36. The endocannabinoid system: Signaling and social motivation Roberta Monterazzo Cysneiros and Fernanda Ribeiro

V. Exogenous, synthetic other compounds linking in the endocannabinoid system

37. Safety and toxicology of the dietary cannabinoid beta-caryophyllene Prof. George Oliveira Sr., Bruna Silva, Ana Santos C. L. da Silva and Luciano Silva Lopes

38. Synthetic cannabimimetics: an overview Prof. M. Kassiou

VI. Compartive studies in non neurological systems

39. Non Neurological Aspects of the Endocannabinoid System: Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Dr. R. Ghazali

40. Components of the Endocannabinoid system: Hepatic expression levels of the cannabinoid receptors and microRNAs Sema Bolkent and Zeynep Mine Coskun

41. Tumour growth and the endocannabinoid system: investigating CB2 agonists Josee Guindon, Isabel Castro-Piedras, Melissa McHann and Robert Barnes

42. Linking Endocannabinoid System, Palmitoylethanolamide and Sarcopenia in view of therapeutic outcomes Susanna Molinari, Eleonora Maretti, Renata Battini and Eliana Leo

VII. Resources

43. Endocannabinoids and Resources Rajkumar Rajendram

Authors

Vinood B. Patel Reader, University of Westminster, London, UK. Dr. Patel is a Reader at the University of Westminster. After completing his PhD at King's College London, he continued his research experience by undertaking his post-doctoral studies in the laboratory of Professor Cunningham in the Department of Biochemistry at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine, (Winston-Salem, NC, USA). This extensive project involved investigating mechanisms of hepatic mitochondrial ribosome dysfunction in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) using biophysical and proteomic techniques. These studies have led to new avenues in determining the pathology of ALD. His teaching areas at both post-graduate and undergraduate levels include clinical biochemistry, investigative pathology and laboratory investigation. Victor R Preedy Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK Visiting Professor, University of Hull, UK. Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King's College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King's College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King's College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books. Colin R Martin Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director: Institute for Health and Wellbeing, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK. Colin R. Martin RN, BSc, MSc, PhD, MBA, YCAP, FHEA, C.Psychol, AFBPsS, C.Sci is Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director of the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Suffolk, UK. He is a Chartered Health Psychologist and a Chartered Scientist. He also trained in analytical biochemistry, this aspect reflecting the psychobiological focus of much of his research within mental health. He has published or has in press well over 300 research papers and book chapters. He is a keen book author and editor having written and/or edited more than 50 books. These outputs include the prophetic insight into the treatment of neurological disease, Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition (2011), Nanomedicine and the Nervous System (2012), Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants in Neurological Disease (2020), Zika Virus Impact, Diagnosis, Control and Models (2021), Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior and Diet (2021), Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (2022), The Neurobiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Pain (2022) and The Handbook of Lifespan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Childhood, Adolescence, Pregnancy, Adulthood, and Aging (2023). Professor Martin is particularly interested in all aspects of the relationship between underlying physiological substrates and behavior, particularly in how these relationships manifest in both acute and chronic psychiatric disorder. He has published original research germane to significant mental health disorders including the areas of schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, alcohol and drug dependency, high secure forensic mental health and personality disorder. He has a keen interest in the impact of postviral illness and is actively involved in clinical research post-Covid pandemic and in particular, the impact of Long Covid on psychological, neurological, physiological and social functioning. He is involved in collaborative International research with many European and Non-European countries.