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System Safety for the 21st Century. Edition No. 2

  • Book

  • 416 Pages
  • November 2022
  • John Wiley and Sons Ltd
  • ID: 5841783
System Safety for the 21st Century

Explore an authoritative and complete exploration of basic and advanced concepts in system safety engineering

The Second Edition of System Safety for the 21st Century delivers an authoritative primer on the identification, evaluation, analysis, and control of hazards to people, components, sub-systems, systems, processes, and facilities. The book offers readers a complete discussion on techniques within system safety, the discipline on process safety, as well as a comprehensive treatment on professionalism within the safety industry.

This new edition applies the concepts of system safety to medical disciplines and medical devices, offering readers the potential to have a significantly positive impact on the standing of American medical safety in the world. The latest edition also includes:

  • A brand-new chapter on the risk management with current international and U.S. government standards
  • New material on process safety including EPA and OSHA implementation and external reviews
  • An Instructor Solutions Manual that includes course content and 30 chapters of review questions and answers
  • Further clarifications on difficult concepts from the First Edition with updated appendices and references

Relevant to academia, industry, and government, System Safety for the 21st Century is an essential resource for anyone studying or implementing and managing proactive hazard identification and risk control techniques and procedures.

Table of Contents

Foreword xiii

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xvii

About The Companion Website xix

Part I Introduction to System Safety 1

1. The History of System Safety 3

The 1960s - Mil-Std-882, DoD, and Nasa 4

The 1970s - The Management Oversight and Risk Tree 4

The 1980s - Facility System Safety 5

The 1990s - Risk-Based Process System Safety 6

The 2000s - Quest for Intrinsic Safety 6

The 2010s - Risk Management Integration 7

The 2020s - Improvements and International Approach to Risk Maturing 7

Review Questions 8

Bibliography 8

2. Fundamentals of System Safety 9

Basic Definitions 9

Fundamental Safety Concepts 9

System Safety Fundamentals 13

System Safety Tenets 18

Review Questions 19

Bibliography 19

3. Current Approaches to System Safety 21

Department of Defense 21

Nasa 26

Facility System Safety 28

The Chemical Industry 31

Department of Energy 32

Review Questions 34

Bibliography 35

4. Problem Areas 37

Standardization 38

Risk Assessment Codes 39

Data 40

Communications 40

Life Cycle 41

Education and Training 41

Human Factors 41

Software 42

Review Questions 42

Bibliography 42

5. The Future of System Safety 43

More First-Time

Safe Systems 43

Cost-Effective Management Tools 43

The Face of System Safety 44

Proactive or Reactive? 47

Review Questions 47

Bibliography 47

Part II System Safety Program Planning and Management 49

6. Establishing the Groundwork 51

Generic Model 51

Product Safety 51

Dual Programs 52

Planning and Development Methodology 52

Review Questions 53

7. Tasks 55

Hazard Identification 56

Hazard Analysis and Control 58

System Safety Support Tasks 60

Review Questions 61

8. System Safety Products 63

System Safety Program Plan 63

Preliminary Hazard List 64

Preliminary Hazard Analysis 66

Hazard Tracking Log 67

Subsystem Hazard Analysis 68

System Hazard Analysis 71

Operating Hazard Analysis 72

Change Analysis Report 73

Accident Analysis Report 74

Review Questions 75

9. Program Implementation 77

Steps 77

Review Questions 88

Table of Contents vii

10. Risk Management 89

Introduction 89

Types of Risk 89

Risk Management 90

Review Questions 96

Bibliography 96

Part Iii Analytical Aids 101

11. Analytical Trees 103

Purposes 104

Tree Construction 105

Fault Trees Versus Fault Tree Analysis 110

Review Questions 115

Bibliography 115

12. Risk Assessment and Risk Acceptance 117

Risk Management Concepts 117

Risk Assessment Shortcomings 123

Total Risk Exposure Codes 124

Review Questions 126

Bibliography 126

13. Human Factors 127

Human Reliability 127

Human Error Rates 129

Improving Human Reliability 130

Human Factors for Engineering Design 132

Review Questions 135

Bibliography 135

Part IV System Safety Analysis Techniques 137

14. Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis 139

Purpose of ETBA 139

Input Requirements 139

General Approach 140

Instructions 140

Review Questions 142

Bibliography 142

15. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 143

Purpose of FMEA 144

Input Requirements 144

General Approach 144

Instructions 144

Appendix: Sample FMEA 147

Summary 147

Project Description 147

Methodology 149

Review Questions 152

Bibliography 152

16. Fault Tree Analysis 155

Purpose of FTA 155

Input Requirements 156

General Approach 156

Instructions 157

Appendix: Sample FTA 165

Summary 165

Project Description 166

Methodology 167

Review Questions 171

Bibliography 171

17. Project Evaluation Tree 173

Purpose of PET 174

Input Requirements 174

General Approach 174

Instructions 175

Appendix: PET User’s Guide 179

Review Questions 188

Bibliography 188

18. Change Analysis 189

Purpose 189

Input Requirements 190

General Approach 190

Instructions 190

Review Questions 193

Bibliography 193

19. Management Oversight and Risk Tree 195

Purpose of Mort and Mini-Mort 197

Input Requirements 198

General Approach 198

Instructions 205

Review Questions 221

Bibliography 221

20. Event and Causal Factors Charts 223

Purpose 223

Input Requirements 223

General Approach 224

Instructions 224

Review Questions 228

Bibliography 228

21. Other Analytical Techniques 229

Software Hazard Analysis 229

Common Cause Failure Analysis 229

Sneak Circuit Analysis 230

Extreme Value Projection 231

Time-Loss

Analysis 235

Additional Techniques 237

Review Questions 238

Bibliography 238

Part V Process Safety 241

22. Process Safety Management 243

Introduction 243

Background 243

Future 248

Summary 249

Review Questions 249

Bibliography 249

Appendix: List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics and Reactives 250

23. EPA’s Equivalent Process Safety Requirements - Risk Management Program (RMP) 255

Background 255

Overall Risk Management Program 255

Summary 259

Review Questions 260

Bibliography 260

Appendix: Substances Listed Under 40 CFR 68 261

24. Process Safety Implementation 263

Introduction 263

PSM Implementation 263

RMP Implementation 270

Implementation Lessons 271

Summary 272

Review Questions 272

Bibliography 273

25. Process Safety Reviews 275

Introduction 275

Mechanics of an Individual Audit 277

Lessons 279

Summary 281

Review Questions 281

Bibliography 281

Part VI System Safety Applied To The Medical Field 283

26. Medical Devices and Equipment 285

Introduction 285

Purpose 285

System Safety Review 285

System Safety Application to Medical Devices 286

System Safety Interface with Medical Devices 288

Considerations for Improvement 289

Conclusions 291

Review Questions 292

Bibliography 292

Appendix 293

27. Infection Control 295

Introduction 295

The Problem 296

What’s Being Done 296

System Safety Considerations 298

Further Improvements 298

System Safety Application 301

Cronavirus 303

Review Questions 304

Bibliography 305

28. Hospitals 307

Introduction 307

Challenges Faced 308

System Safety Application 312

Case Study Hypothetical System Safety Application to a Hospital 315

Anticipating the Future 318

Review Questions 319

Bibliography 319

29. Future Considerations 321

Introduction 321

Definitions 321

Health Care Future Discussion Areas 322

Research and Development 326

System Safety Application to Medical Care in the Future 327

Other Thoughts 329

Conclusions 330

Review Questions 331

Bibliography 331

Part VII Professionalism and Professional Development 333

30. Professionalism and Professional Development 335

Introduction 335

What is Professionalism? 335

Professional Development 337

Accreditation of Certifications 337

Why Become Certified? 339

Summary 341

Review Questions 342

Bibliography 342

Appendices 343

Appendix I: The Scope and Functions of the Professional Safety Position 343

Appendix II: International System Safety Society Fundamental Principles and Canons 347

Appendix III: Professional System Safety and Related Societies and Organizations 351

Glossary 357

Acronyms 365

Bibliography 369

Further Reading 373

About The Author 375

Book Contributor 377

Book Back Cover 379

Index 381

Authors

Richard A. Stephans ARES Corporation, USA.