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Charging Infrastructure for Heavy Commercial Vehicles in Europe and North America - 2nd Edition

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    Report

  • 240 Pages
  • February 2025
  • Region: Europe, North America
  • Berg Insight AB
  • ID: 5852483

Commercial vehicle charging refers to the process of charging a commercial battery electric vehicle or commercial plug-in hybrid electric vehicle from an external power source. The external power source is often a charging station, which is defined as equipment enabling a connection between the electric vehicle and the power grid. Commercial vehicle charging stations play a significant role in the discussions regarding the electrification of vehicle fleets and are regarded by many as a prerequisite for the deployment of electric commercial vehicles at scale. Electric commercial vehicles and charging stations designed for these vehicles are often brought forward as a necessity to decrease the environmental impact of transportation.

The number of connected heavy commercial vehicle charging points in Europe and North America to reach 541,000 by 2031

The commercial vehicle charging infrastructure industry is in the very early stages of a growth phase which will last for decades. Mega-challenges such as vehicle emissions and climate change continue to encourage investments in electric commercial vehicles and charging infrastructure, contributing to a positive outlook for the market. Harsh emission regulations from governments in both Europe and North America are also a market catalyst. The installed base of dedicated charging points in Europe is forecasted to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 49 percent from about 14,000 in 2023 to 345,000 by the end of 2031. In North America, the analyst estimates that the total number of dedicated charging points in use will increase from approximately 9,000 in 2023 to reach 196,000 by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 47 percent. These numbers include both public and non-public charging points.

Charging stations are expected to be connected through technologies like Wi-Fi and cellular IoT, allowing for smart charging management. Charge point operators (CPOs) can remotely monitor and maintain charging stations, while commercial vehicle drivers can locate chargers, monitor charging availability and manage payments. Fleet managers can utilise smart charging software to reduce charging costs by charging at non-peak hours. The publisher believes that most of the commercial vehicle charging will be depot charging at the home base. In Europe, the installed base of public charging stations for commercial vehicles is still very small and will increase to 14,200 charging points by 2031. The situation in North America is similar and the installed base is expected to grow to 8,200 by 2031. The commercial vehicle OEM part of the value chain is consolidated and consists of a few major incumbent OEMs with global reach including Volvo Group, TRATON Group, Daimler Truck and PACCAR. There are additionally a number of newcomers targeting the electric commercial vehicle market specifically.

Examples of these actors include the major Chinese OEMs BYD and Charging Infrastructure for Heavy Commercial Vehicles in Europe and North America Geely as well as Einride, Tesla, Nikola, Windrose and Volta Trucks. The OEMs drive the industry forward through innovative pilot projects, joint ventures and collaborations such as the CharIN association. In North America, there are a number of regional as well as international companies marketing DC chargers for commercial vehicles. ChargePoint is a leading player in the market and a fullservice provider offering hardware, software and CPO services. Other major regional hardware providers include ABB, Blink Charging, BorgWarner, BTC Power (E.ON), Detroit Diesel, Delta Electronics, Kempower, SK Signet and Siemens. In Europe, the market for DC charging solutions is more fragmented than in North America. Prominent actors include ABB, ADS-TEC Energy, Alpitronic, Ekoenergetyka, Kempower, SBRS and Siemens.

There are several software-specific providers in both regions, offering connectivity solutions for charging. Solutions include fleet management tools, peak shaving and smart charging management. Examples of software specific actors include Last Mile Solutions, Virta, Driivz, GreenFlux, Ampeco, Optimile and Noodoe. The commercial vehicle charging industry has seen initiatives from several CPOs specifically targeting heavy commercial vehicle charging. North American actors such as TeraWatt Infrastructure, Greenlane and Forum Mobility have extensive expansion plans across the entire region. Most North American charging stations are located or planned to be initially located in the state of California. There are also commercial vehicle charging pilot projects in other states such as New York and the Canadian province of Quebec. In Europe, the joint venture CPO Milence is a major player and plans to roll out 1,700 charging stations by 2027. Circle K is also investing heavily in commercial vehicle charging and has opened 27 sites with a combined 108 charging points designed for heavy trucks. Other CPOs with heavy commercial vehicle charging initiatives include Aral Pulse (BP Pulse), EnBW and Rifil.

Highlights from the report

  • Insights from 30 executive interviews with market leading companies.
  • New data on heavy commercial vehicle charging infrastructure in Europe and North America.
  • Comprehensive description of the EV charging value chain and key applications.
  • In-depth analysis of market trends and key developments.
  • Profiles of 45 companies offering EV charging hardware and software.
  • Profiles of 26 charge point operators (CPOs).
  • Profiles of 26 electric heavy commercial vehicle OEMs.
  • Market forecasts lasting until 2031.

This report answers the following questions

  • What is the current state and size of the heavy commercial EV charging market?
  • What are the current trends on this market?
  • Which are the leading providers of hardware and software solutions?
  • Which are the leading electric commercial vehicle OEMs?
  • Which are the leading charge point operators in Europe and North America?
  • What equipment and service offerings are available from the different vendors?
  • What are the key drivers behind the adoption of commercial vehicle chargers?
  • Which government initiatives are there for electric commercial vehicles and chargers?

Table of Contents


Executive Summary
1 Commercial Vehicle Charging in Europe and North America
1.1 User segments
1.1.1 Heavy commercial vehicles
1.1.2 Buses
1.1.3 Construction equipment
1.1.4 Use cases
1.2 Electric commercial vehicle range
1.3 Electric commercial vehicle charging infrastructure in Europe
1.4 Electric commercial vehicle charging infrastructure in North America
1.5 The electric commercial vehicle market
1.5.1 Vehicle types
1.5.2 The electric commercial vehicle market in Europe
1.5.3 The electric commercial vehicle market in North America
1.6 Charging strategies
1.6.1 Depot charging
1.6.2 Destination charging
1.6.3 Opportunity charging
1.7 Market players
1.7.1 Charge point operators (CPOs)
1.7.2 Heavy commercial vehicle OEMs
1.7.3 Hardware and software providers
2 Charging Technologies and Standards
2.1 Electric vehicle charging
2.1.1 AC and DC
2.1.2 Heat management
2.2 Battery capacity and charging time
2.3 Connector standards
2.3.1 Type 1
2.3.2 Type 2
2.3.3 Combined Charging System (CCS)
2.3.4 Megawatt Charging System (MCS)
2.3.5 North American Charging Standard (Tesla)
2.3.6 CHAdeMO
2.3.7 GB/T
2.3.8 Pantograph charging
2.3.9 Overhead catenary charging
2.3.10 Wireless charging
2.4 Connectivity and management software
2.4.1 Cellular IoT gateways, routers and modems
2.4.2 The Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)
2.4.3 Charging station management software
2.5 Payment solutions
2.5.1 Mobile payments and RFID tags
2.5.2 ISO 15118
2.5.3 Autocharge
2.5.4 Payment terminals
3 Vehicle Manufacturers
3.1 BYD
3.2 Daimler Truck
3.2.1 Detroit Diesel
3.2.2 Freightliner
3.2.3 Thomas Built Buses
3.2.4 Rizon
3.2.5 Mercedes-Benz Trucks
3.3 Einride
3.4 Farizon Auto (Geely)
3.5 Iveco Group
3.6 Lion Electric
3.7 Nikola Corporation
3.8 PACCAR
3.8.1 Peterbilt
3.8.2 Kenworth
3.8.3 DAF
3.9 Quantron
3.10 Tesla
3.11 TRATON
3.11.1 TRATON Charging Solutions
3.11.2 Scania
3.11.3 MAN Truck & Bus
3.11.4 International Motors
3.12 Volta Trucks
3.13 Volvo Group
3.13.1 Volvo Trucks
3.13.2 Mack Trucks
3.13.3 Renault Trucks
3.13.4 Volvo Buses and Nova Bus
3.14 Windrose
3.15 Xos Trucks
3.16 Emerging actors
4 Charge Point Operators
4.1 Europe
4.1.1 BP Pulse
4.1.2 Circle K
4.1.3 E.ON
4.1.4 EnBW
4.1.5 Enel X
4.1.6 Engie Vianeo
4.1.7 Fastned
4.1.8 GOFAST
4.1.9 Iberdrola
4.1.10 Ionity
4.1.11 Kople
4.1.12 Milence
4.1.13 Nimbnet
4.1.14 Rifil
4.1.15 Shell Recharge Solutions
4.1.16 Uno-X Mobility
4.1.17 Vattenfall
4.2 North America
4.2.1 Blink Charging
4.2.2 ChargePoint
4.2.3 Electrify America
4.2.4 EVgo
4.2.5 Forum Mobility
4.2.6 Greenlane
4.2.7 Hydro-Québec
4.2.8 Terawatt Infrastructure
4.2.9 WattEV
4.3 Additional CPOs
5 Hardware and Software Providers
5.1 Europe
5.1.1 ABB E-mobility
5.1.2 ADS-TEC Energy
5.1.3 Alpitronic (Hypercharger)
5.1.4 AMPECO
5.1.5 Charge-V
5.1.6 Circontrol
5.1.7 Driivz
5.1.8 E-Totem
5.1.9 Efacec
5.1.10 Ekoenergetyka
5.1.11 EnerCharge (KEBA)
5.1.12 Enersense
5.1.13 Euroloop
5.1.14 EVBox
5.1.15 Evtec
5.1.16 GreenFlux
5.1.17 i-charging
5.1.18 IES Synergy
5.1.19 Ingeteam
5.1.20 Kempower
5.1.21 Kostad
5.1.22 L-Charge
5.1.23 Last Mile Solutions
5.1.24 Legrand
5.1.25 Optimile
5.1.26 Power Electronics
5.1.27 RetailSonar
5.1.28 Siemens
5.1.29 Tritium
5.1.30 Twaice
5.1.31 Virta
5.2 North America
5.2.1 BorgWarner
5.2.2 BTC POWER (E.ON)
5.2.3 Camber
5.2.4 Delta Electronics
5.2.5 Detroit Diesel Corporation (Daimler Truck)
5.2.6 EV Connect
5.2.7 EverCharge
5.2.8 EvGateway
5.2.9 FreeWire Technologies
5.2.10 Geotab
5.2.11 InCharge Energy
5.2.12 Noodoe
5.2.13 SK Signet
5.2.14 Tellus Power Green
5.3 Additional hardware and software providers
6 Early Use Cases
6.1 DFDS electrifies A-B routes together with Volvo Trucks
6.2 Tesla delivers 50 Tesla Semis to PepsiCo
6.3 MTAs road to electrify bus-traffic in New York City
6.4 Boliden deploys underground electric trucks for mining
6.5 ARC operates Scania electric refuse trucks in Copenhagen
6.6 Schneider adds close to 100 electric Freightliner eCascadia
6.7 DSV orders 300 electric Volvo trucks
7 Market Analysis and Trends
7.1 Market analysis
7.1.1 Market forecasts
7.1.2 Regional market analysis
7.1.3 Government incentives and investments in Europe
7.1.4 Government incentives and investments in North America
7.2 Value chain analysis
7.2.1 DC charging hardware providers
7.2.2 Software providers and charge point operators
7.2.3 Commercial vehicle OEMs
7.2.4 Mergers and acquisitions
7.3 Market drivers and barriers
7.3.1 Drivers
7.3.2 Barriers
7.4 Market trends
7.4.1 Demand for public en route and destination charging to increase rapidly
7.4.2 The electric commercial vehicle market continues to grow fast
7.4.3 Open architectures alter the EV charging value chain
7.4.4 A modular design improves the case for DC charging
7.4.5 Electric Trucking-as-a-Service (TaaS) is an attractive model
7.4.6 Battery buffered charging can solve grid connectivity issues
7.4.7 New market entrants enrich the EV charging value chain
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: The number of needed public and destination chargers for CVs (EU27+UK)
Figure 1.2: Required public and destination chargers for CVs Class 4-8 (North America)
Figure 1.3: Energy battery prices (2020-2030)
Figure 1.4: Registered medium and heavy CVs by fuel type (Europe 2022)
Figure 1.5: Total number of active N2 & N3 BEV trucks by country (EU27+EFTA+UK)
Figure 1.6: Truck classes and examples of vehicles
Figure 1.7: Registered medium and heavy CVs by fuel type (North America 2023)
Figure 1.8: Total number of active Class 2B-8 BEV trucks (North America 2019-2023)
Figure 2.1: Alternative Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) charging
Figure 2.2: Examples of battery capacity for different truck models
Figure 2.3: Theoretical charging times for a 500 kWh battery
Figure 2.4: Type 1 connector and socket
Figure 2.5: Type 2 connector and socket
Figure 2.6: CCS-1 and CCS-2 connectors and sockets
Figure 2.7: Layout of the MCS connector
Figure 2.8: NACS (Tesla) connector and plug
Figure 2.9: CHAdeMO connector and socket and outline of the ChaoJi connector
Figure 2.10: GB/T standard connectors and sockets for AC and DC charging
Figure 2.11: Variants of pantograph charging
Figure 2.12: Common features in cellular IoT gateways and routers
Figure 2.13: Examples of routers used in EV charging applications
Figure 2.14: Overview of a cluster configuration
Figure 2.15: Example of a dashboard for management of charging operations
Figure 2.16: Example of RFID card and tag
Figure 2.17: Examples of payment terminals for EV charging stations
Figure 3.1: Freightliner eCascadia
Figure 3.2: Tesla Semi trucks
Figure 3.3: Scania electric truck and ABB charging station
Figure 3.4: Volvo FH Aero Electric
Figure 3.5: List of emerging actors
Figure 4.1: BP Pulse charging corridor for commercial vehicles
Figure 4.2: Circle K charging station in Gothenburg
Figure 4.3: EnBW truck charging park
Figure 4.4: GOFAST commercial vehicle charging station
Figure 4.5: EVgo chargers for heavy-duty appliances
Figure 4.6: Greenlane truck charging station
Figure 4.7: Terawatt Infrastructure charging station
Figure 4.8: Additional CPOs
Figure 5.1: The new A400 from ABB
Figure 5.2: ADS-TEC Energy’s ChargePost and ChargeBox options and dispenser
Figure 5.3: The Hypercharger HYC400
Figure 5.4: Sat 1500 MCS and Axon Side 360 from Ekoenergetyka
Figure 5.5: The ECC400 and DCPillar450 from EnerCharge
Figure 5.6: Troniq Modular from EVBox
Figure 5.7: Kempower Station Charger and Mega Satellite with MCS connector
Figure 5.8: Unity360 from Kostad
Figure 5.9: Ecotap DC180 charger with a cable management solution
Figure 5.10: The Tritium RT350
Figure 5.11: Twaice battery health estimation and end-of-life prediction
Figure 5.12: The Gen 4 All-in-One and Public Dispenser EV chargers
Figure 5.13: Geotab’s MyGeotab Fleet and Asset management platform
Figure 5.14: Additional hardware and software providers
Figure 6.1: DFDS electric trucks from Volvo Trucks
Figure 6.2: Delivery of Tesla Semis to PepsiCo
Figure 6.3: Nova Bus model LFSe+ for MTA in New York
Figure 6.4: Volvo FH Electric in Boliden mine
Figure 6.5: Scania Electric refuse truck in Copenhagen
Figure 6.6: The Volvo FH Aero Electric
Figure 7.1: Installed base and shipments of charging points (Europe 2023-2031)
Figure 7.2: Connected charging points by technology (Europe 2023-2031)
Figure 7.3: Installed base and shipments of charging points (North America 2023-2031)
Figure 7.4: Connected charging points by technology (North America 2023-2031)
Figure 7.5: Reduction targets for different vehicle types in Europe (2025-2040)
Figure 7.6: Distance targets for electric truck and bus recharging stations
Figure 7.7: Examples of charging infrastructure incentives in European countries
Figure 7.8: Examples of subsidies aimed at electric CVs in the EU
Figure 7.9: Estimated targets for recharging stations for electric commercial vehicles
Figure 7.10: Geographical presence of the leading DC hardware providers
Figure 7.11: Installed base of DC charging stations by vendor (Europe Q4-2024)
Figure 7.12: Installed base of DC charging stations by vendor (North America Q4-2024)
Figure 7.13: M&As related to heavy commercial vehicle charging (2021-2024)

Companies Mentioned (Partial List)

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:

  • BYD
  • Daimler Truck
  • Detroit Diesel
  • Freightliner
  • Thomas Built Buses
  • Rizon
  • Mercedes-Benz Trucks
  • Einride
  • Farizon Auto (Geely)
  • Iveco Group
  • Lion Electric
  • Nikola Corporation
  • PACCAR
  • Peterbilt
  • Kenworth
  • DAF
  • Quantron
  • Tesla
  • TRATON
  • TRATON Charging Solutions
  • Scania
  • MAN Truck & Bus
  • Volta Trucks
  • Volvo Group
  • Volvo Trucks
  • Mack Trucks
  • Renault Trucks
  • Windrose
  • Xos Trucks
  • Emerging actors
  • Charge Point Operators
  • Europe
  • BP Pulse
  • Circle K
  • E.ON
  • EnBW
  • Enel X
  • Engie Vianeo
  • Fastned
  • GOFAST
  • Iberdrola
  • Ionity
  • Kople
  • Milence
  • Nimbnet
  • Rifil
  • Shell Recharge Solutions
  • Uno-X Mobility
  • Vattenfall
  • Blink Charging
  • ChargePoint
  • Electrify America
  • EVgo
  • Forum Mobility
  • Greenlane
  • Hydro-Québec
  • Terawatt Infrastructure
  • WattEV
  • ADS-TEC Energy
  • Alpitronic (Hypercharger)
  • AMPECO
  • Charge-V
  • Circontrol
  • Driivz
  • E-Totem
  • Efacec
  • Ekoenergetyka
  • EnerCharge (KEBA)
  • Enersense
  • Euroloop
  • EVBox
  • Evtec
  • GreenFlux
  • i-charging
  • IES Synergy
  • Ingeteam
  • Kempower
  • Kostad
  • RetailSonar
  • Siemens
  • Tritium
  • Twaice
  • Virta
  • BorgWarner
  • BTC POWER (E.ON)
  • Camber
  • Delta Electronics
  • Detroit Diesel Corporation (Daimler Truck)
  • EV Connect
  • EverCharge
  • EvGateway
  • FreeWire Technologies
  • Geotab
  • InCharge Energy
  • Noodoe
  • SK Signet
  • Tellus Power Green

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