+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)

Life Vest Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Product Type

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 115 Pages
  • July 2023
  • Region: Global
  • Prof Research
  • ID: 5854608
Description Jump to:

Quick Summary:

Navigating the bustling global market of Life Vests can be complex. Comprehensive understanding of various regions, key players, product types, and consumer trends is essential for strategic planning and insightful decision making. Our latest market research report demystifies these crucial elements with extensive, fact-based analysis.

We present a thorough exploration of the Life Vest industry, catering to a global audience. The report provides detailed analysis segmented by key geographical regions including North America, South America, Asia-Pacific, Europe, and MEA, spotlighting countries like the United States, China, Japan, India, and more. With an extensive investigation into competitor and types segments, it furnishes an insightful account of company profiles, SWOT analysis, and market shares. Covering foam vests, inflatable vests, and hybrid vests, it offers an extensive understanding of the varied product offerings. Make informed business decisions with our research backing your strategy.

This report describes the global market size of Life Vest from 2018 to 2022 and its CAGR from 2018 to 2022, and also forecasts its market size to the end of 2028 and its CAGR from 2023 to 2028.

For the geography segment, regional supply, demand, major players, price is presented from 2018 to 2028.

This report covers the following regions:

  • North America
  • South America
  • Asia & Pacific
  • Europe
  • MEA
The key countries for each region are also included such as the United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.

For the competitor segment, the report includes global key players of Life Vest as well as some small players.

The information for each competitor includes:

  • Company Profile
  • Main Business Information
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
  • Market Share

Types Segment:

  • Foam Vests
  • Inflatable Vests
  • Hybrid Vests

Companies Covered:

  • Survitec
  • VIKING Life-Saving Equipment
  • The Coleman Company
  • Hansen Protection
  • Drger
  • Johnson Outdoors
  • Kent Sporting Goods
  • LALIZAS
  • Mustang Survival
  • O’Neill
  • International Safety Products
  • SECUMAR
Base Year: 2023
Historical Data: from 2018 to 2022
Forecast Data: from 2023 to 2028


This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Executive SummaryChapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
3.1 Research Scope
3.2 Research Sources
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions
3.3 Research Method
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Classification/Types
4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Drivers
5.3 Restraints
5.4 Opportunities
5.5 Threats
5.6 Covid-19 Impact
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
6.2 Life Vest Analysis
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
7.1 Latest News
7.2 Merger and Acquisition
7.3 Planned/Future Project
7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
8.1 Export of Life Vest by Region
8.2 Import of Life Vest by Region
8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Forecast Life Vest Market in North America (2018-2028)
9.1 Life Vest Market Size
9.2 Life Vest Demand by End Use
9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
9.5 Key Countries Analysis
9.5.1 United States
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Forecast Life Vest Market in South America (2018-2028)
10.1 Life Vest Market Size
10.2 Life Vest Demand by End Use
10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
10.5 Key Countries Analysis
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Forecast Life Vest Market in Asia & Pacific (2018-2028)
11.1 Life Vest Market Size
11.2 Life Vest Demand by End Use
11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
11.5 Key Countries Analysis
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 Southeast Asia
11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Forecast Life Vest Market in Europe (2018-2028)
12.1 Life Vest Market Size
12.2 Life Vest Demand by End Use
12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
12.5 Key Countries Analysis
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 United Kingdom
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Forecast Life Vest Market in MEA (2018-2028)
13.1 Life Vest Market Size
13.2 Life Vest Demand by End Use
13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
13.5 Key Countries Analysis
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
13.5.5 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary For Global Life Vest Market (2018-2023)
14.1 Life Vest Market Size
14.2 Life Vest Demand by End Use
14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Life Vest Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Life Vest Market Size Forecast
15.2 Life Vest Demand Forecast
15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
16.1 Survitec
16.1.1 Company Profile
16.1.2 Main Business and Life Vest Information
16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Survitec
16.1.4 Survitec Life Vest Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.2 VIKING Life-Saving Equipment
16.2.1 Company Profile
16.2.2 Main Business and Life Vest Information
16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of VIKING Life-Saving Equipment
16.2.4 VIKING Life-Saving Equipment Life Vest Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.3 The Coleman Company
16.3.1 Company Profile
16.3.2 Main Business and Life Vest Information
16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of The Coleman Company
16.3.4 The Coleman Company Life Vest Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.4 Hansen Protection
16.4.1 Company Profile
16.4.2 Main Business and Life Vest Information
16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of Hansen Protection
16.4.4 Hansen Protection Life Vest Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.5 Drger
16.5.1 Company Profile
16.5.2 Main Business and Life Vest Information
16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of Drger
16.5.4 Drger Life Vest Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.6 Johnson Outdoors
16.6.1 Company Profile
16.6.2 Main Business and Life Vest Information
16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of Johnson Outdoors
16.6.4 Johnson Outdoors Life Vest Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.7 Kent Sporting Goods
16.7.1 Company Profile
16.7.2 Main Business and Life Vest Information
16.7.3 SWOT Analysis of Kent Sporting Goods
16.7.4 Kent Sporting Goods Life Vest Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.8 LALIZAS
16.8.1 Company Profile
16.8.2 Main Business and Life Vest Information
16.8.3 SWOT Analysis of LALIZAS
16.8.4 LALIZAS Life Vest Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.9 Mustang Survival
16.9.1 Company Profile
16.9.2 Main Business and Life Vest Information
16.9.3 SWOT Analysis of Mustang Survival
16.9.4 Mustang Survival Life Vest Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.10 O’Neill
16.10.1 Company Profile
16.10.2 Main Business and Life Vest Information
16.10.3 SWOT Analysis of O’Neill
16.10.4 O’Neill Life Vest Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.11 International Safety Products
16.11.1 Company Profile
16.11.2 Main Business and Life Vest Information
16.11.3 SWOT Analysis of International Safety Products
16.11.4 International Safety Products Life Vest Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.12 SECUMAR
16.12.1 Company Profile
16.12.2 Main Business and Life Vest Information
16.12.3 SWOT Analysis of SECUMAR
16.12.4 SECUMAR Life Vest Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Tables and Figures
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Life Vest Report
Table Data Sources of Life Vest Report
Table Major Assumptions of Life Vest Report
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Life Vest Picture
Table Life Vest Classification
Table Life Vest Applications List
Table Drivers of Life Vest Market
Table Restraints of Life Vest Market
Table Opportunities of Life Vest Market
Table Threats of Life Vest Market
Table Covid-19 Impact For Life Vest Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Life Vest
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Life Vest
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Life Vest Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Life Vest Market
Table Policy of Life Vest Market
Table 2018-2028 Regional Export of Life Vest
Table 2018-2028 Regional Import of Life Vest
Table 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2018-2028 North America Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 North America Life Vest Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 North America Life Vest Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 North America Life Vest Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 North America Life Vest Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 North America Life Vest Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 North America Life Vest Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 North America Life Vest Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 United States Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United States Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South America Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 South America Life Vest Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 South America Life Vest Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 South America Life Vest Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 South America Life Vest Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 South America Life Vest Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 South America Life Vest Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 South America Life Vest Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Life Vest Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Life Vest Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Life Vest Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Life Vest Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Life Vest Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Life Vest Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Life Vest Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 China Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 China Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 India Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 India Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Life Vest Market Size List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Life Vest Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Life Vest Import List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Life Vest Export List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Life Vest Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Life Vest Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Europe Life Vest Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Europe Life Vest Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Europe Life Vest Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Life Vest Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Europe Life Vest Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Germany Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Germany Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 France Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 France Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Life Vest Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Life Vest Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 MEA Life Vest Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 MEA Life Vest Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 MEA Life Vest Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Life Vest Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 MEA Life Vest Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Life Vest Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Life Vest Import & Export List
Table 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Market Size List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Market Volume List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Key Vendors Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Key Vendors Sales Share List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Market Volume and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Key Vendors Revenue List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Market Size and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Key Vendors Revenue Share List
Table 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Global Life Vest Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Regional Life Vest Price List
Table 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Market Size List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Market Volume List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Demand List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Key Vendors Sales List
Table 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Key Vendors Sales Share List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Market Volume and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Key Vendors Revenue List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Market Size and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Key Vendors Revenue Share List
Table 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Demand List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Global Life Vest Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Life Vest Regional Price List
Table Survitec Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Survitec
Table 2018-2023 Survitec Life Vest Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Survitec Life Vest Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Survitec Life Vest Market Share
Table VIKING Life-Saving Equipment Information
Table SWOT Analysis of VIKING Life-Saving Equipment
Table 2018-2023 VIKING Life-Saving Equipment Life Vest Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 VIKING Life-Saving Equipment Life Vest Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 VIKING Life-Saving Equipment Life Vest Market Share
Table The Coleman Company Information
Table SWOT Analysis of The Coleman Company
Table 2018-2023 The Coleman Company Life Vest Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 The Coleman Company Life Vest Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 The Coleman Company Life Vest Market Share
Table Hansen Protection Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Hansen Protection
Table 2018-2023 Hansen Protection Life Vest Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Hansen Protection Life Vest Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Hansen Protection Life Vest Market Share
Table Drger Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Drger
Table 2018-2023 Drger Life Vest Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Drger Life Vest Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Drger Life Vest Market Share
Table Johnson Outdoors Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Johnson Outdoors
Table 2018-2023 Johnson Outdoors Life Vest Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Johnson Outdoors Life Vest Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Johnson Outdoors Life Vest Market Share
Table Kent Sporting Goods Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Kent Sporting Goods
Table 2018-2023 Kent Sporting Goods Life Vest Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Kent Sporting Goods Life Vest Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Kent Sporting Goods Life Vest Market Share
Table LALIZAS Information
Table SWOT Analysis of LALIZAS
Table 2018-2023 LALIZAS Life Vest Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 LALIZAS Life Vest Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 LALIZAS Life Vest Market Share
Table Mustang Survival Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Mustang Survival
Table 2018-2023 Mustang Survival Life Vest Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 Mustang Survival Life Vest Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Mustang Survival Life Vest Market Share
Table O’Neill Information
Table SWOT Analysis of O’Neill
Table 2018-2023 O’Neill Life Vest Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 O’Neill Life Vest Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 O’Neill Life Vest Market Share
Table International Safety Products Information
Table SWOT Analysis of International Safety Products
Table 2018-2023 International Safety Products Life Vest Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 International Safety Products Life Vest Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 International Safety Products Life Vest Market Share
Table SECUMAR Information
Table SWOT Analysis of SECUMAR
Table 2018-2023 SECUMAR Life Vest Sale Volume Price Cost Revenue
Figure 2018-2023 SECUMAR Life Vest Sale Volume and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 SECUMAR Life Vest Market Share

Companies Mentioned (Partial List)

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:

  • Survitec
  • VIKING Life-Saving Equipment
  • The Coleman Company
  • Hansen Protection
  • Drger
  • Johnson Outdoors
  • Kent Sporting Goods
  • LALIZAS
  • Mustang Survival
  • O’Neill
  • International Safety Products
  • SECUMAR

Methodology

Loading
LOADING...

Related Topics

Related Reports

Life Jacket & Vest Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type - Product Image

Life Jacket & Vest Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type

  • Report
  • 117 Pages
  • Global
From
Buoyancy Vest Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type - Product Image

Buoyancy Vest Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type

  • Report
  • 114 Pages
  • Global
From
Life Jacket Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2031 - By Product, Technology, Grade, Application, End-user, Region: (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East and Africa) - Product Image

Life Jacket Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2031 - By Product, Technology, Grade, Application, End-user, Region: (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East and Africa)

  • Report
  • 300 Pages
  • Global
Compression Wear and Shapewear Global Market Report 2024 - Product Image

Compression Wear and Shapewear Global Market Report 2024

  • Report
  • 200 Pages
  • Global
From
Life Jacket Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, & Forecast 2018-2028 - Product Image

Life Jacket Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, & Forecast 2018-2028

  • Report
  • 189 Pages
  • Global
From
Copyright © 2002-2024 Research and Markets. All Rights Reserved.