The Global Market for Thermal Management Materials and Systems 2024-2034

1.1 Thermal management
1.1.1 Active
1.1.2 Passive
1.2 Thermal Management Systems
1.2.1 Immersion Cooling Systems for Data Centers
1.2.2 Battery Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles
1.2.3 Heat Exchangers for Aerospace Cooling
1.3 Main types of thermal management materials and technologies

2.1 Properties of Phase Change Materials (PCMs)
2.2 Types
2.2.1 Organic/biobased phase change materials
2.2.1.1 Advantages and disadvantages
2.2.1.2 Paraffin wax
2.2.1.3 Non-Paraffins/Bio-based
2.2.2 Inorganic phase change materials
2.2.2.1 Salt hydrates
2.2.2.1.1 Advantages and disadvantages
2.2.2.2 Metal and metal alloy PCMs (High-temperature)
2.2.3 Eutectic mixtures
2.2.4 Encapsulation of PCMs
2.2.4.1 Macroencapsulation
2.2.4.2 Micro/nanoencapsulation
2.2.5 Nanomaterial phase change materials
2.3 Thermal energy storage (TES)
2.3.1 Sensible heat storage
2.3.2 Latent heat storage
2.4 Battery Thermal Management

3.1 What are thermal interface materials (TIMs)?
3.1.1 Types
3.1.2 Thermal conductivity
3.2 Comparative properties of TIMs
3.3 Advantages and disadvantages of TIMs, by type
3.4 Prices
3.5 Thermal greases and pastes
3.6 Thermal gap pads
3.7 Thermal gap fillers
3.8 Thermal adhesives and potting compounds
3.9 Metal-based TIMs
3.9.1 Solders and low melting temperature alloy TIMs
3.9.2 Liquid metals
3.9.3 Solid liquid hybrid (SLH) metals
3.9.3.1 Hybrid liquid metal pastes
3.9.3.2 SLH created during chip assembly (m2TIMs)
3.10 Carbon-based TIMs
3.10.1 Multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNT)
3.10.1.1 Properties
3.10.1.2 Application as thermal interface materials
3.10.2 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
3.10.2.1 Properties
3.10.2.2 Application as thermal interface materials
3.10.3 Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs)
3.10.3.1 Properties
3.10.3.2 Applications
3.10.3.3 Application as thermal interface materials
3.10.4 BN nanotubes (BNNT) and nanosheets (BNNS)
3.10.4.1 Properties
3.10.4.2 Application as thermal interface materials
3.10.5 Graphene
3.10.5.1 Properties
3.10.5.2 Application as thermal interface materials
3.10.5.2.1 Graphene fillers
3.10.5.2.2 Graphene foam
3.10.5.2.3 Graphene aerogel
3.10.6 Nanodiamonds
3.10.6.1 Properties
3.10.6.2 Application as thermal interface materials
3.10.7 Graphite
3.10.7.1 Properties
3.10.7.2 Natural graphite
3.10.7.2.1 Classification
3.10.7.2.2 Processing
3.10.7.2.3 Flake
3.10.7.2.3.1 Grades
3.10.7.2.3.2 Applications
3.10.7.3 Synthetic graphite
3.10.7.3.1 Classification
3.10.7.3.1.1 Primary synthetic graphite
3.10.7.3.1.2 Secondary synthetic graphite
3.10.7.3.1.3 Processing
3.10.7.4 Applications as thermal interface materials
3.10.8 Hexagonal Boron Nitride
3.10.8.1 Properties
3.10.8.2 Application as thermal interface materials
3.11 Metamaterials
3.11.1 Types and properties
3.11.1.1 Electromagnetic metamaterials
3.11.1.1.1 Double negative (DNG) metamaterials
3.11.1.1.2 Single negative metamaterials
3.11.1.1.3 Electromagnetic bandgap metamaterials (EBG)
3.11.1.1.4 Bi-isotropic and bianisotropic metamaterials
3.11.1.1.5 Chiral metamaterials
3.11.1.1.6 Electromagnetic “Invisibility” cloak
3.11.1.2 Terahertz metamaterials
3.11.1.3 Photonic metamaterials
3.11.1.4 Tunable metamaterials
3.11.1.5 Frequency selective surface (FSS) based metamaterials
3.11.1.6 Nonlinear metamaterials
3.11.1.7 Acoustic metamaterials
3.11.2 Application as thermal interface materials
3.12 Self-healing thermal interface materials
3.12.1 Extrinsic self-healing
3.12.2 Capsule-based
3.12.3 Vascular self-healing
3.12.4 Intrinsic self-healing
3.12.5 Healing volume
3.12.6 Types of self-healing materials, polymers and coatings
3.12.7 Applications in thermal interface materials
3.13 Phase change thermal interface materials (PCTIMs)
3.13.1 Thermal pads
3.13.2 Low Melting Alloys (LMAs)

4.1 Design
4.2 Materials
4.2.1 Aluminum alloys
4.2.2 Copper
4.2.3 Metal foams
4.2.4 Metal matrix composites
4.2.5 Graphene
4.2.6 Carbon foams and nanotubes
4.2.7 Graphite
4.2.8 Diamond
4.2.9 Liquid immersion cooling
4.3 Market overview
4.3.1 Applications
4.3.2 Market players
4.4 Challenges

5.1 Design
5.2 Types
5.3 Key materials
5.4 Recent innovation
5.5 Market overview
5.5.1 Applications
5.5.2 Market players

6.1 Design
6.2 Types
6.3 Liquid Coolants
6.4 Components of Liquid Cooling Systems
6.5 Benefits
6.6 Challenges
6.7 Recent innovation
6.8 Market overview

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Air Cooling Methods
7.3 Design
7.4 Recent innovation
7.5 Applications
7.6 Market overview

8.1 Overview
8.2 Design
8.3 Enhancement Techniques
8.4 Applications
8.5 Recent innovation
8.6 Market overview

9.1 Overview
9.2 Heat Transfer Mechanisms
9.3 Spray Cooling Fluids
9.4 Applications
9.5 Recent innovation

10.1 Overview
10.2 Common immersion fluids
10.3 Benefits
10.4 Challenges
10.5 Recent innovation

11.1 Thermoelectric Modules
11.2 Performance Factors
11.3 Electronics Cooling

12.1 Coolant Fluid Requirements
12.2 Common EV Coolant Fluids
12.3 Recent innovations

13.1 Consumer electronics
13.1.1 Market overview
13.1.1.1 Market drivers
13.1.1.2 Applications
13.1.1.2.1 Smartphones and tablets
13.1.1.2.2 Wearable electronics
13.1.2 Global market revenues 2018-2034
13.2 Electric Vehicles (EV)
13.2.1 Market overview
13.2.1.1 Market drivers
13.2.1.2 Applications
13.2.1.2.1 Lithium-ion batteries
13.2.1.2.1.1 Cell-to-pack designs
13.2.1.2.1.2 Cell-to-chassis/body
13.2.1.2.2 Electric motors
13.2.1.2.3 Power electronics
13.2.1.2.4 Charging stations
13.3 Data Centers
13.3.1 Market overview
13.3.1.1 Market drivers
13.3.1.2 Applications
13.3.1.2.1 Router, switches and line cards
13.3.1.2.2 Servers
13.3.1.2.3 Power supply converters
13.4 ADAS Sensors
13.4.1 Market overview
13.4.1.1 Market drivers
13.4.1.2 Applications
13.4.1.2.1 ADAS Cameras
13.4.1.2.2 ADAS Radar
13.4.1.2.3 ADAS LiDAR
13.5 EMI shielding
13.5.1 Market overview
13.5.1.1 Market drivers
13.5.1.2 Applications
13.6 5G
13.6.1 Market overview
13.6.1.1 Market drivers
13.6.1.2 Applications
13.6.1.2.1 Antenna
13.6.1.2.2 Base Band Unit (BBU)

14.1 Global revenues for 2022, by type
14.2 Global revenues 2023-2033, by materials type
14.2.1 Telecommunications market
14.2.2 Electronics and data centers market
14.2.3 ADAS market
14.2.4 Electric vehicles (EVs) market
14.3 By market
14.4 Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems 2018-2034, by region

Table 1. Comparison active and passive thermal management
Table 2. Common PCMs used in electronics cooling and their melting temperatures
Table 3. Properties of PCMs
Table 4. PCM Types and properties
Table 5. Advantages and disadvantages of organic PCMs
Table 6. Advantages and disadvantages of organic PCM Fatty Acids
Table 7. Advantages and disadvantages of salt hydrates
Table 8. Advantages and disadvantages of low melting point metals
Table 9. Advantages and disadvantages of eutectics
Table 10. Thermal conductivities (?) of common metallic, carbon, and ceramic fillers employed in TIMs
Table 11. Commercial TIMs and their properties
Table 12. Advantages and disadvantages of TIMs, by type
Table 13. Thermal interface materials prices
Table 14. Characteristics of some typical TIMs
Table 15. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials
Table 16. Typical properties of SWCNT and MWCNT
Table 17. Comparison of carbon-based additives in terms of the main parameters influencing their value proposition as a conductive additive
Table 18. Thermal conductivity of CNT-based polymer composites
Table 19. Comparative properties of BNNTs and CNTs
Table 20. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof
Table 21. Properties of nanodiamonds
Table 22. Comparison between Natural and Synthetic Graphite
Table 23. Classification of natural graphite with its characteristics
Table 24. Characteristics of synthetic graphite
Table 25. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
Table 26. Types of self-healing coatings and materials
Table 27. Comparative properties of self-healing materials
Table 28. Benefits and drawbacks of PCMs in TIMs
Table 29. Challenges with heat spreaders and heat sinks
Table 30. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems, 2018-2034, by type
Table 31. Global revenues for TIMs 2018-2034, by market (millions USD)
Table 32. Carbodeon Ltd. Oy nanodiamond product list
Table 33. CrodaTherm Range
Table 34. Ray-Techniques Ltd. nanodiamonds product list
Table 35. Comparison of ND produced by detonation and laser synthesis

Figure 1. Phase-change TIM products
Figure 2. PCM mode of operation
Figure 3. Classification of PCMs
Figure 4. Phase-change materials in their original states
Figure 5. Thermal energy storage materials
Figure 6. Phase Change Material transient behaviour
Figure 7. (L-R) Surface of a commercial heatsink surface at progressively higher magnifications, showing tool marks that create a rough surface and a need for a thermal interface material
Figure 8. Schematic of thermal interface materials used in a flip chip package
Figure 9. Thermal grease
Figure 10. Dispensing a bead of silicone-based gap filler onto the heat sink of a power electronics module
Figure 11. Application of thermal silicone grease
Figure 12. A range of thermal grease products
Figure 13. Thermal Pad
Figure 14. Dispensing a bead of silicone-based gap filler onto the heat sink of a power electronics module
Figure 15. Thermal tapes
Figure 16. Thermal adhesive products
Figure 17. Typical IC package construction identifying TIM1 and TIM2
Figure 18. Liquid metal TIM product
Figure 19. Pre-mixed SLH
Figure 20. HLM paste and Liquid Metal Before and After Thermal Cycling
Figure 21. SLH with Solid Solder Preform
Figure 22. Automated process for SLH with solid solder preforms and liquid metal
Figure 23. Schematic diagram of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)
Figure 24. Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube
Figure 25. Types of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Figure 26. Schematic of a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) membrane used for water treatment
Figure 27. Schematic of Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Alternating B and N atoms are shown in blue and red
Figure 28. Graphene layer structure schematic
Figure 29. Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG
Figure 30. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene
Figure 31. Detonation Nanodiamond
Figure 32. DND primary particles and properties
Figure 33. Flake graphite
Figure 34. Applications of flake graphite
Figure 35. Graphite-based TIM products
Figure 36. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride
Figure 37. Classification of metamaterials based on functionalities
Figure 38. Electromagnetic metamaterial
Figure 39. Schematic of Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure
Figure 40. Schematic of chiral metamaterials
Figure 41. Nonlinear metamaterials- 400-nm thick nonlinear mirror that reflects frequency-doubled output using input light intensity as small as that of a laser pointer
Figure 42. Schematic of self-healing polymers. Capsule based (a), vascular (b), and intrinsic (c) schemes for self-healing materials. Red and blue colours indicate chemical species which react (purple) to heal damage
Figure 43. Stages of self-healing mechanism
Figure 44. Self-healing mechanism in vascular self-healing systems
Figure 45. Comparison of self-healing systems
Figure 46. PCM TIMs
Figure 47. Phase Change Material - die cut pads ready for assembly
Figure 48. Schematic of TIM operation in electronic devices
Figure 49. Schematic of Thermal Management Materials in smartphone
Figure 50. Wearable technology inventions
Figure 51. Global market revenues in electronics 2018-2024, by type, million USD
Figure 52. Application of thermal interface materials in automobiles
Figure 53. EV battery components including TIMs
Figure 54. Battery pack with a cell-to-pack design and prismatic cells
Figure 55. Cell-to-chassis battery pack
Figure 56. TIMS in EV charging station
Figure 57. Image of data center layout
Figure 58. Application of TIMs in line card
Figure 59. ADAS radar unit incorporating TIMs
Figure 60. Coolzorb 5G
Figure 61. TIMs in Base Band Unit (BBU)
Figure 62. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems, 2018-2034, by type
Figure 63. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems in telecommuncations, 2018-2034, by type
Figure 64. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems in electronics & data centers, 2018-2034, by type
Figure 65. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems in ADAS, 2018-2034, by type.Source: Future Markets, Inc
Figure 66. Global revenues for thermal management materials and systems in Electric Vehicles (EVs), 2018-2034, by type
Figure 67. Global revenues for TIMs 2018-2033, by market
Figure 68. Boron Nitride Nanotubes products
Figure 69. Transtherm® PCMs
Figure 70. Carbice carbon nanotubes
Figure 71. Internal structure of carbon nanotube adhesive sheet
Figure 72. Carbon nanotube adhesive sheet
Figure 73. HI-FLOW Phase Change Materials
Figure 74. Thermoelectric foil, consists of a sequence of semiconductor elements connected with conductive metal. At the top (in red) is the thermal interface
Figure 75. Parker Chomerics THERM-A-GAP GEL
Figure 76. Credo™ ProMed transport bags
Figure 77. Metamaterial structure used to control thermal emission
Figure 78. Shinko Carbon Nanotube TIM product
Figure 79. The Sixth Element graphene products
Figure 80. Thermal conductive graphene film
Figure 81. VB Series of TIMS from Zeon