Features, Transmission, Detection, and Case Studies in COVID-19 examines the effects of the virus on the body, as well as its transmission and clinical profile. This volume begins with an introduction to the virus and its pathogenesis, transmission, and avoidance, followed by sections on pulmonary and cardiovascular effects, obesity, diabetes, the liver, detection issues, and biomarkers. Vaccines and treatment are also discussed. Specific case studies covered include hypoxia, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, and neurological effects. This volume is relevant for all clinicians and scientists working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19.
Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19 examines the effect of both the virus and the pandemic on behavior and mental health. Chapters look at the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on those with pre-existing conditions, including Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. The ongoing consequences of the pandemic on the mental health of the broad populace are discussed. As well as the neurological effects of the virus itself, chapters discuss psychological concerns including depression and anxiety. Finally, the chapters also include aspects relevant to managing care and the treatment of conditions. A broad range of conditions preceding, caused by, or emerging for the first time during the pandemic are also detailed.
International and Life Course Aspects of COVID-19 describes the nuances and international variations of COVID-19 in different populations and age groups. This volume details those differences in chapters examining the effects of the virus at different life stages, including newborns, children, adolescents, and older populations. Consideration of the age-specific effects of COVID-19 on the brain are a major focus unique to this resource. International observations and global outcomes are also described. This volume is relevant for all clinicians working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19 worldwide.
Management, Body Systems, and Case Studies in COVID-19 describes the assessment and treatment of patients infected with the novel coronavirus that causes the varied symptoms of COVID-19. Detailing this multisystem disease and the organs and tissues affected, this volume features chapters on several body systems. Conditions affecting the respiratory, hematological, hepatobiliary, renal, gastrointestinal, nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems are addressed. The fundamental role of telemedicine during the pandemic is also discussed. This volume is relevant for all clinicians and scientists working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19.
Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19 examines the effect of both the virus and the pandemic on behavior and mental health. Chapters look at the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on those with pre-existing conditions, including Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. The ongoing consequences of the pandemic on the mental health of the broad populace are discussed. As well as the neurological effects of the virus itself, chapters discuss psychological concerns including depression and anxiety. Finally, the chapters also include aspects relevant to managing care and the treatment of conditions. A broad range of conditions preceding, caused by, or emerging for the first time during the pandemic are also detailed.
International and Life Course Aspects of COVID-19 describes the nuances and international variations of COVID-19 in different populations and age groups. This volume details those differences in chapters examining the effects of the virus at different life stages, including newborns, children, adolescents, and older populations. Consideration of the age-specific effects of COVID-19 on the brain are a major focus unique to this resource. International observations and global outcomes are also described. This volume is relevant for all clinicians working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19 worldwide.
Management, Body Systems, and Case Studies in COVID-19 describes the assessment and treatment of patients infected with the novel coronavirus that causes the varied symptoms of COVID-19. Detailing this multisystem disease and the organs and tissues affected, this volume features chapters on several body systems. Conditions affecting the respiratory, hematological, hepatobiliary, renal, gastrointestinal, nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems are addressed. The fundamental role of telemedicine during the pandemic is also discussed. This volume is relevant for all clinicians and scientists working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19.
Table of Contents
Features, Transmission, Detection, and Case Studies in COVID-19Preface
I. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: Introductory chapters and setting the scene
1. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in context: Systemic effects
Rajkumar Rajendram
2. Early warning signals of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Daniele Proverbio, Fran�oise Kemp and Jorge Gon�alves
3. Mobile phones and their use to study dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic
Alex Berke and Kent Larson
II. Structure, transmission and avoidance
4. Cis regulatory elements: A novel communication route between the host cell and SARS-CoV-2 genome
Barsanjit Mazumder and Anton A. Komar
5. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8: Structure, Evolution, Molecular Function, and Its Contribution to the Pathogenicity of the Virus
Muhamad Fahmi, Yukihiko Kubota and Masahiro Ito
6. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding Ligands and Its Application in COVID-19 Therapeutics.
Partha Ray, Westley Van Zant, Gustavo Felippe Da Silva and Maria De Lourdes Borba Magalh�es
7. Autophagy and COVID-19
Tamryn Barron and Ben Loos
8. The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2
Flor H. Pujol
9. Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 spread in hospitals
Vincenzo Romano Spica
10. Computational analysis of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants spike protein and protein interactions
E. U. M. Moreira, D. C. B. Mariano and R. C. de Melo-Minardi
11. Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Andrew Fox-Lewis
12. Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with face masks: its potential protective effects
Vinicius M. Mello, Marco Horta and Cristiane Eller
13. Digital twin of ventilation system against COVID-19 transmission and infection risk
Wing Keung and Adrian Law
14. SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in pets
Sandra Barroso-Ar�valo and Jose Manuel S�nchez-Vizca�no
15. SARS-CoV-2 transmission in dental practices
Hironori Sakai, Eiji Kondo, Hirokazu Tanaka, Tetsu Shimane, Masao Hashidume and Hiroshi Kurita
16. SARS-CoV-2 compared with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in terms of vertical transmission
Giovanni Piedimonte
17. Reducing droplets and aerosols in the surgical setting and applications to the COVID-19 pandemic
Jaime Viera-Artiles and Bel�n E. Salvatierra Vicario
18. SARS-CoV motion dynamics: linking in droplet size
Mehmet Aydin and Seckin Aydin Savas
19. Ventilation and airborne particles in classrooms: implications for the COVID-19 pandemic
Marta Fonseca Gabriel, Gon�alo Marques and F�tima Felgueiras
20. Environmental SARS-CoV-2 transmission and e-cigarette aerosols
Roberto A. Sussman
III. Impact and Effects
21. The Impact of COVID-19 on First Responders
Brian T. Montague, Larissa Pisney and Eric Simoes
22. COVID-19 and suspected drug-induced liver injury
Rolf Teschke
23. Pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19
Ryosuke Imai and Naoki Nishimura
24. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cancer: clinical correlation and potential pathological mechanism
Trien Trey Tang, Syed Ahad Muhammad Haidry, Cade Lewis and Yujiang Fang
25. Severe SARS-CoV-2, platelet-endothelium interactions and cardiovascular damage
Theresa Mari� Rossouw
26. Cardio-metabolic Syndrome and COVID-19: Pathophysiological aspects
Subo Dey, Wojciech Rzechorzek and Wilbert Solomon Aronow
27. COVID-19 and Type I and II diabetes: an overview
Vafa Baradaran Rahimi and Prof. Vahid Reza Askari
28. COVID-19 and older adults: an overview
Vafa Baradaran Rahimi and Prof. Vahid Reza Askari
29. COVID-19 and male fertility: an overview
Prof. Vahid Reza Askari
30. COVID-19 and obesity: an overview
Prof. Vahid Reza Askari
IV. Treatments, strategies and vaccines
31. COVID-19 vaccines and their impact: an overview
M. K.-W. Khong and I.F.-N. Hung
32. Exploring the Promise of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Review of Preclinical Studies
Shubham Adhikary, Harpal Singh Buttar, Hardeep Singh Tuli and Ginpreet Kaur
33. Drugs actively being investigated for use in COVID-19
Ruiqi Zhang and I.F.-N. Hung
34. The biology of neutralizing antibody cocktail therapy with REGN-COV
Hiroaki Sasaki
35. The intensive care unit and percutaneous tracheostomy in COVID-19
Burhan Dost and Ozgur Komurcu
36. Cardiac effects of drugs and vaccines used to treat or prevent COVID-19
Luigi Cubeddu
37. COVID-19 Pandemic and isolation: impact on sleep
M.B.D. Gavi�o, Dora D�az and Camila Marceliano
38. Strategies in the COVID-19 pandemic: Disinfection of gloved hands
Ver�nica V. Marquez-Hernandez, Lorena Guti�rrez-Puertas, Alba Garc�a-Viola, Jos� Miguel Garrido-Molina, Alfredo Alcayde and Gabriel Aguilera-Manrique
39. In silico studies on established antivirals on SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Ismail Celik Sr., Meryem Erol and Trina Ekawati Tallei
40. The COVID-19 cytokine storm and its immunomodulatory treatment
Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Iman M. Talaat, Rakhee Kizhuvappat Ramakrishnan and nada Mahmoud Yakout
41. Safety and efficacy of nebulization for reducing the intensity of viral load and clinical manifestations in patients with COVID-19
ghizal fatima Sr.
V. Detection and biomarkers
42. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and use in detection of SARS-CoV-2
Nitesh Gupta, Sumita Agrawal and Hari Kishan Gonuguntla
43. SARS-CoV-2 testing and vaccination among people who use drugs
Samantha Yeager, Abbie Sanders, Christopher Capron and Camille C. Cioffi
44. Homocysteine as a biomarker in COVID-19
Adem Keskin
45. Assessment of smell and taste in COVID-19
Constantin A. Hintschich
46. S-gene analysis: RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing applied to SARS-CoV-2 virus
Takayuki Ishige
47. False-negatives in screening for SARS-CoV-2
Hidenori Takahashi
48. Sample pooling and SARS-CoV-2 assays
Miguel Hueda-Zavaleta, Fabrizzio Bardales-Silva, Diana Minch�n-Vizconde and Juan Carlos Gomez de la Torre Pretel
49. Biomarkers of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Carles Perpi�an, Laia Bertran and T. Auguet
VI. Case studies with mini review
50. Hypoxia and heart-lung interactions in COVID-19: The significance of right heart dysfunction and shunt
Rajkumar Rajendram, Naveed Mahmood, Gabriele Via and Arif Hussain
51. CASE STUDY: Neurology, ulnar nerve dysfunction and COVID-19
Cristina Terhoeve, Ryan Bliss and Rasheed Ahmad
52. CASE STUDY: Acute kidney injury and COVID-19
Yadullah Syed and Rajkumar Rajendram
53. CASE STUDY: The detection and treatment of a pneumothorax in a patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 pneumonia
Rajkumar Rajendram
54. CASE STUDY: Conducting ventilation and airflow studies where airborne outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 have possibly occurred: preventing recurrence
Yo Ishigaki, Naohisa Fujita and Tatsuo Kato
VII. Resources
55. Recommended Resources for the Features, Transmission and Detection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Rajkumar Rajendram
Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19
Preface
I. Introductory chapters and setting the scene
1. Historical aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the ensuing pandemic
Taslima Nasrin, Samim Hassan, Arijit Samanta, Mehboob Hoque and Safdar Ali
2. Different Variants of SARS-CoV-2
Arijit Samanta, Samim Hassan, Taslima Nasrin, Syed Sahajada Mahafujul Alam, Zarnain Jamil, Harpal Singh Buttar, Safdar Ali and Mehboob Hoque
3. Lateral flow tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection: uses and limitations
Mirajul Islam, Taslima Nasrin, Arijit Samanta, Safdar Ali, Harpal Singh Buttar and Mehboob Hoque
4. Linking community participation, mobility disabilities and the COVID-19 pandemic
Kara Ayers, Jean Hall and Claire Burdick
5. The influence of the sources used to obtain information on COVID-19 and impact on mental health
Juan Gomez-Salgado
II. Impact on behaviour and psychology
6. The psychological experiences and distress of defined populations in the COVID-19 pandemic: doctors
Amy Pascoe, Karen Willis and Natasha Elizabeth Smallwood
7. Impact of COVID-19 on behaviour in autism spectrum disorder
Giulia Antolini and Marco Colizzi
8. Pre-pandemic stressors in mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: early life adversities and beyond
Xiangfei Meng
9. Compulsive Hoarding in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Donatella Marazziti
10. The psychological experiences and distress of defined populations in the COVID-19 pandemic: comparisons between Sweden and Japan
Sayo Hamatani, Anton K�ll, Konomi Shoda and Kazuki Matsumoto
11. The COVID-19 pandemic, mental health and sleep: linking depression, anxiety and perceived stress
J. Bucker, Adriane Ribeiro Rosa and Let�cia Sanguinetti Czepielewski
12. The COVID-19 pandemic and the occupational overload of health professionals: indicators of burnout
F.L. Osorio
13. SARS-CoV-2 and impact on cognition
Mohammad Nazmus Sakib
14. Acute Neurocognitive Disorder as a Presenting Manifestation of COVID-19
Brad T. Tyson
15. Mental health and the impact of confinement
Lorabi Souhib, David S�nchez-Teruel, Selma Boufellous and M.A. Robles-Bello
16. Cannabis Use in the COVID-19 Pandemic; Changes in Different Populations and Implications for Policy
Adam Zaweel, Isaac Kuk, Soyeon Kim, Bernard Le Foll and Christine M. Wickens
17. Impact of COVID-19 on mental health in women: socio-economic groups and global aspects
Maushmi Shailesh Kumar
18. Quality of life measures after hospitalization with COVID-19
Eleni Tsimitrea, Paraskevi Siamouti, Konstntinos Gourgoulianis and Evangelos C. Fradelos Sr.
19. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on remote working
Ferdinando Toscano and Teresa Galanti
20. Long Covid and its persistence: a focus on mental health
Michael John Dwyer, Massimo Mirandola and Elda Righi
21. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on behavioural and psychological features of vulnerable groups: Patients with multiple sclerosis and their quality of life
Kubra Yeni
22. The COVID-19 pandemic and the interlinking psychological distress and disordered eating behaviours
Snigdha Awasthi, Rufus Ephraim and Vidit Singh
III. Effects on neurological structures and mechanisms
23. Linking Paediatric COVID-19, Basal Ganglia and Dentate Nucleus
Shraddha Sunthwal, Sagar Lad and Preeti Lad
24. Sensory disorders, neuroinflammation and COVID-19: smell, taste and hearing
Arianna Di Stadio
25. The effects of COVID-19 isolations on non-motor features of Parkinson's disease
Gabriella Santangelo and Carmine Vitale
26. Myelitis following COVID-19: the road so far
C.F.R. da Silva and S�nia Batista
27. The corpus callosum: effects due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the mRNA vaccine
Luca Procaccini and Antonio Bernardini
28. The possible effect of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 exposure on infants' neurodevelopment: Analyzing the current evidence
Vania Aldrete-Cortez
29. Electroencephalographic (EEG) features with COVID-19
I. Saez-Landete, Adriana G�mez-Dom�nguez, Beatriz Estrella-Le�n and Alba D�az-Cid
30. Survivors of COVID-19 and clinical neuropsychological domain characteristics
Pamela Emily May-Weeks
31. Neuroinflammation following SARS-CoV-2 infection
Carlos Netto and Marimelia A. Porcionatto
32. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and depressive symptoms in subjects with COVID-19
Fabio Sambataro, Giulia Cattarinussi and Alessandro Miola
33. Impact of COVID-19 on the brain: Antibodies against brainstem antigens
Guglielmo Lucchese, Antje Vogelgesang, Angela Stufano and Agnes Fl�el
34. The kynurenine pathway and role in mental health of post-COVID-19 patients
Melike K���kkarapinar, Sel�uk Candansayar and Filiz Karadag
IV. Management, support and treatments
35. Management of brain tumours in the COVID-19 pandemic
Rajesh Balakrishnan
36. Effect of COVID-19 related lockdown on the management of stroke
Valerio Brunetti, Irene Scala, Simone Bellavia, Aldobrando Broccolini, Giovanni Frisullo, Pier Andrea Rizzo, Eleonora Rollo and Giacomo Della Marca
37. Long Covid and the potential use of palmitoylethanolamide
Rocco S. Calabr� and Loredana Raciti
38. Cognitive assessments in post-COVID syndrome: a focus on the neuropsychological tests and protocols
Jordi A Matias-Guiu and Cristina Delgado
39. Supporting those with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the COVID-19 pandemic
Emily Johnson
40. Preserving well being and quality of life through school based intervention focused on physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic
Alice Masini, Francesco Sanmarchi and Laura Dallolio
41. Hesitancy in using COVID-19 prevention behaviors among African Americans: Strategies to build confidence
Jennifer Cunningham-Erves, Jamaine S. Davis, Elizabeth Stewart, Vanessa Crowther and Whitney George
42. New strategies for the psychological well-being of team workers
Teresa Galanti
43. Mitigating mental health changes with virtual reality (VR) technology during COVID-19: a narrative
Muhammad Hizri Hatta, Siew Koon Chong and Suriati Mohamed Saini
44. Music therapy for patients with neurological disorders in COVID-19 pandemic
Claudia Vinciguerra, Salvatore Iacono, Vincenzo Di Stefano, Valerio Nardone and Antonio Federico
45. Mental health and the modulating effects of receiving the COVID-19 vaccination
Norito Kawakami and Natsu Sasaki
46. Personalized cognitive behavioral therapy on obese patients in COVID-19 pandemic
Riccardo Dalle Grave, Anna Dalle Grave and Simona Calugi
47. Social anxiety disorder and COVID-19: treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy
Narendra Nath Samantaray and Sapam Kiran Dolly
48. Burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: Modulating role of mindfulness
Makiko Sampei
V. Case studies with mini review
49. CASE STUDY: Methods to evaluate provision of clinical services for treatment of mental health in Long COVID
Colin Martin, Scarlett Moloney, Sarah Fowler, Frances Farnworth, Katie Tyrrell and Abigail Webb
50. CASE STUDY: CASE STUDY Navigating youth mental health and addictions care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
R. Markoulakis
51. CASE STUDY: Restless leg syndrome associated with COVID-19
Cyprian Popescu
VI. Resources
52. Recommended Resources for Linking Neuroscience and Behaviour in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Rajkumar Rajendram
International and Life Course Aspects of COVID-19
Preface
I. Introductory chapters and setting the scene
1. COVID-19 and mortality in children
Milind Shinde, Anu Maheshwari and Harish Kumar Pemde
2. Congenital and perinatal COVID-19: Diagnostic challenges, current management and outcomes
DESPOINA GKENTZI
3. COVID-19 Vaccine Strategies
Geir Bj�rklund
4. Social and Community Responses to Public Health and Social Measures for COVID-19: Community Engagement for Risk Preparedness
Gary Chung and Eng-Kiong Yeoh
II. International aspects
5. The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: ecological background and epidemiological dynamics
M. Gatto and Stefano Miccoli
6. The COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria
Ademola Emmanuel Aiyenuro I, Chijioke Obiwe Onyeani, Yusuff Adebisi, Promise Okereke, Deborah Shomuyiwa, Nneka Uche, Nafisat Jimoh, Abdullahi Aborode, Samuel Ogunsola and Udochiamaka Chukwu
7. The COVID-19 pandemic in India
Maushmi Shailesh Kumar
8. COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
Malgorzata Gruchola and Malgorzata Slawek-Czochra
9. COVID-19 in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC)
Lorena D�az de Le�n-Mart�nez, Carlos Miguel L�pez-Mendoza, Ana Jared Tenorio Salazar, Rogelio Flores Ram�rez and Luz Eugenia Alc�ntara-Quintana
10. COVID-19 IN SUDAN: A MULTIPERSPECTIVE REVIEW
Khabab Mohamed Ahmed Sr.
11. Features of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in Cuba
E. Cruz-Rodriguez Sr.
12. Stress and anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Vidit Singh and Snigdha Awasthi
13. COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: A focus on Medical Management
K.-M. Ha and Young Kim
14. Stigma experienced by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Egyptian Perspectives
Aya Mostafa and Nashwa Ismail
III. Reproduction, pregnancy and new-borns
15. Breast feeding and COVID-19
Bindi Borg and Karleen Gribble
16. Follicular fluid and the response to SARS-CoV-2
Fernanda Parborell Sr.
17. Fetal death due to maternal COVID-19
Munekage Yamaguchi
18. The COVID-19 pandemic and identification of SARS-CoV-2 in the prostate
Katherine Campbell, Nikhil Kulkarni, Braian Ledesma, Farah Rahman, Kyle Schuppe, MohamadHusni M. Zarli, Kajal Khodamoradi and Ranjith Ramasamy
19. COVID-19 in pregnant women: clinical course, treatment and maternal/fetal outcome of vaccination during pregnancy
Cinzia Auriti, Chiara Maddaloni and Domenico Umberto De Rose
20. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies and their vertical transfer
Jeremy Dewayne Ward
21. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in lactation
Amit Srivastava
22. Being pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact of the trimester of gestation and measures of maternal mental health
Anick Berard and Narimene Ait Belkacem
23. COVID-19 related maternal mortality and SARS-CoV-2 variants
Arzu Bilge Tekin and Bilge Dogan Taymur
24. COVID-19 associated complications in pregnant women and neonates
Taylor DeAnnuntis, Jahnea Williams, Paul Burcher, Tamara Snyder, Rahul Kashyap and Vikas Bansal
25. The neurological impact of SARS-COV-2 infection on the developing foetus
Christine Wade, Kartik Mody and Becky Micetic
26. Impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the placenta
Kendall Moore, Rebecca Jessel, Jia Chen and Corina Lesseur
IV. Children and adolescents
27. T-cells and their subsets in children with COVID-19
Ferah Budak, Abdurrahman Simsek and Muhammed Ali Kizmaz
28. Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome and SARS-CoV-2
Stanislaw Surma, Joanna Lewek and Maciej Banach
29. How the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on childhood nutritional status
Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
30. COVID-19 in children: nutritional care
P. Zamberlan, Beatriz Mazzoni, Ana L�cia Lahoz, Maria Lucia Santos, Camila Nozella and Artur Delgado
31. Eating disorders in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
M.R. Marchili
32. Body composition in children with SARS cov 2 infection : short- and long-term consequences
Elisabetta Di Profio, Elvira Verduci and Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
33. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and childhood obesity
Maira Alejandra Ortiz-Pinto, Honorato Ortiz-Marr�n and Miguel Pedromingo-Kuss
34. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during the lockdown and the post-COVID effects on the family system of children with disabilities
Bekir Fatih Meral
35. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ordinary vaccination programs for very young children: BCG, MMR, Poliomyelitis and beyond
Guilherme Silveira Procianoy and Rita C. Silveira
36. Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children
Paul Licciardi, Zheng Quan Toh and Nadia Mazarakis
37. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: how physical fitness changes in children
Eliseo Iglesias-Soler, Jessica Rial-V�zquez, Maria R�a-Alonso, Iv�n Nine and Iv�n Clavel
38. The COVID-19 pandemic and children: impact on physical activity
Olena Yelizarova, Svitlana Hozak, Tetiana Stankevych, Nadiya Polka, Alla Koblianska, Alla Parats and Olha Ivanovska
39. The COVID-19 pandemic and stress related to schooling
Xue Yang and Kylie K.Y. Chan
40. The COVID-19 pandemic and effects on adolescent suicidal ideation (self-directed harm)
Brianna J. Turner
41. The COVID-19 pandemic: Attending to hand hygiene measures in young people [a review of different studies]
Anna Espart, Luisa Guitard-Sein Echaluce, Maria Barcenilla-Guitard, Alba Guitard-Quer and Fernando Barcenilla
42. Child and Adolescent COVID-19 Vaccination: Trends, Hesitancy, and Strategies for Increasing Vaccination
Kimberly H. Nguyen
43. Social distancing behaviour in adolescents
Ming-Te Wang
44. Thrombotic complications in children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Clay Travis Cohen
45. Features of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children: A focus on magnetic resonance imaging of the heart
Lukasz A. Malek
46. SARS-CoV-2 infection and the cytokine levels and pathway in children: an updated narrative
Tsvetelina Veselinova Velikova and Snezhina Lazova
V. Older Adults
47. Risk factors related to COVID-19 among older adults
Eva M. Satue-Gracia
48. Reducing loneliness and social isolation among elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic
Xiangfei Meng
49. Features and measures of depression in elderly and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: linking in pre-existing mental health
Omar Paccagnella
50. Experiences of Disabled Older Adults in Adult Day Care Centers during COVID-19 Pandemic
Takashi Naruse
51. Single-Cell Transcriptomics to Investigate Disease Severity in older adult COVID-19 Patients
Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
52. COVID-19 and Older Adult Food Practices: A Social Determinants of Health Perspective
Sarah Francis, Catherine Rudoloph and Savannah Schultz
53. Older subjects and immunogenicity of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines
Dorota Religa and Piotr Seiffert
54. Non-invasive respiratory support in octogenarian patients with COVID-19
Federico Lionello, Gabriella Guarnieri, Giovanna Arcaro, Sara Lococo and Andrea Vianello
VI. Case studies with mini review
55. CASE STUDY: COVID-19 severity in diabetic patients with and without seizure
Budhadev Baral, Kartik Muduli, Shweta Jakhmola, Vaishali Saini, Pratik Kundu, Nikunj Kumar Root, Shubhransu Patro, Nirmal Kumar Mohakud and Hem Chandra Jha
56. CASE STUDY: Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for COVID-19 and Their Social Impact in Japan
Kota KODAMA, Makoto Niwa and Shintaro Sengoku
57. CASE STUDY: Factors affecting vaccine uptake. Australian perspectives
Jessica Carter and Erika Borkoles
58. CASE STUDY: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on an older disabled person
Takashi Naruse
59. COVID-19 in the newborn: clinical course and effects of maternal vaccination in pregnancy
Cinzia Auriti, Chiara Maddaloni and Domenico Umberto De Rose
VII. Resources
60. Recommended Resources for the International and Life Course Aspects of COVID-19
Rajkumar Rajendram
Management, Body Systems, and Case Studies in COVID-19
Preface
I. Introductory chapters and setting the scene
1. Hand hygiene strategies
Trinidad Montero-Vilchez, Clara-Amanda Ure�a-Paniego, Alberto Soto-Moreno, Alejandro Molina-Leyva and Salvador Arias-Santiago
2. Approved vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic: linking in future perspectives
Larissa Fonseca, Katharine Hodel, Vinicius Rocha, Milena Soares and B.A.S. Machado
3. RT-PCR methods for SARS-CoV-2 variants
Marco Fabiani, Katia Margiotti, Francesca Monaco, Alvaro Mesoraca and Claudio Giorlandino
II. Management
4. Systematic Patient assessment for Acute Respiratory Tract Ailments (SPARTA): A simple tool to improve outcomes from COVID-19
Rajkumar Rajendram, Naveed Mahmood, Mohammad Khan and Hamdan Al-Jahdali
5. Point of Care Ultrasound: for COVID-19: The Multi-organ Approach to COVID-19
Rajkumar Rajendram
6. COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: features and guidelines
CARLOS TAXONERA SAMSO and Olga Neva L�pez-Garc�a
7. Management of COVID-19 and clinical nutrition
MANOLA PEVERINI and Giacomo Barberini
8. The management of head and neck cancer patients in COVID-19
Jes�s Herranz-Larra�eta, Pablo Parente-Arias, Carlos Chiesa-Estomba and Miguel Mayo-Y��ez
9. The COVID-19 pandemic: inventory management and allocation of personal protective equipment (PPE)
Tazim Sameer Merchant and Mark Sheldon
10. Clinical management in the COVID-19 pandemic: rheumatic disease
Abdulvahap Kahveci
11. Managing migraine in the COVID-19 pandemic
Licia Grazzi, Danilo Antonio Montisano and Paul B. Rizzoli
12. Perioperative management of patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke during COVID pandemic
Adele Budiansky, Wesley Rajaleelan and Tumul Chowdhury
13. COVID-19 and the management of blood pressure in outpatients
Kazuo Kobayashi and Kouichi Tamura
14. Neurosurgical trauma management during COVID-19 restrictions
James Zhou, Michael Zhang and Harminder Singh
15. The COVID-19 pandemic and management of weight gain: implications for obesity
Sarah R. Barenbaum and Alpana Shukla
16. COVID-19 and the management of heart failure using telemedicine
M. Margarida Andrade, Diogo Cruz and M. Afonso Nogueira
III. Guidelines for different treatment clinics
17. Guidelines for breast imaging in the COVID-19 pandemic
Daniele Ugo Tari
18. Vaccine-induced (immune) thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT): Diagnosis, guidelines and reporting
Emmanuel J. Favaloro, Leonardo Pasalic and Giuseppe Lippi
19. Guidelines on surgical management in the COVID-19 pandemic
Shebab Mohamed, Monica Casiraghi, Lorenzo Spaggiari and Luca Bertolaccini
20. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)/Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS): clinical guidelines.
Arthur Chang, Ramesh Kordi and Mark Daniel Hicar
IV. Impact on the respiratory system
21. Ground-glass nodules in the lung of COVID-19 patients
Noel Roig-Mar�n
22. Cardiothoracic imaging in COVID-19 patients
Tommaso D'Angelo, Ludovica Lanzafame, Maria Ludovica Carerj, Antonino Micari, Silvio Mazziotti and Christian Booz
23. Cystic fibrosis and bronchial epithelial cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Virginia Lotti
24. Biomechanics and mechanobiology of the lung parenchyma following SARS-CoV-2 infection
Bela Suki, Andr�s Lorx and Erzs�bet Bartol�k-Suki
25. Long noncoding RNA profiling in respiratory specimens from COVID-19 patients
Marta Molinero, Carlos Rodr�guez-Mu�oz, Silvia G�mez, �ngel Estella, Ferran Barb� and David de Gonzalo-Calvo
26. COVID-19 and acute pulmonary embolism
Marco Zuin and Gianluca Rigatelli
27. The usefulness of alveolar-arteriolar gradient during COVID-19 pandemic
Giuseppe Pipitone, Miriam De Michele, Massimo Sartelli, Francesco Onorato, Claudia Imburgia, Antonio Cascio and Chiara Iaria
V. Effects on cardiovascular and haematological systems
28. Cardiac effects of COVID-19 an overview
Naveed Rahman, Mirza Ali, Aanchal Sawhney, Apurva Vyas and Rahul Gupta
29. Limb ischemia and COVID-19
Raffaello Bellosta and Sara Allievi
30. Thrombosis and coagulopathy in COVID-19: a new narrative
Alejandro Lazo-Langner and Mateo Porres-Aguilar
31. COVID-19 myocarditis: features of echocardiography
Antonello D'Andrea and Dario Fabiani
32. COVID-19 lockdown and impact on arrhythmias
Valentino Ducceschi and Giovanni Domenico Ciriello
33. Cardiometabolic disease and COVID-19: A new narrative
Wilbert Solomon Aronow, Wojciech Rzechorzek and Subo Dey
34. Post recovery COVID-19 and interlinking diabetes and cardiovascular events
Giuseppe Seghieri
35. COVID-19 patients and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Mario Casta�o, Pasquale Maiorano, Laura Castillo, Gregorio Laguna, Guillermo Mu�iz-Albaiceta, Victor Sagredo, Elio Martin-Gutierrez and Javier Gualis
36. Hematological aspects of SARS- COV- 2 infection
Sasa Anzej Doma
VI. Effects on body systems
37. Dermatological reactions associated with personal protective equipment (PPE) use during the COVID-19 pandemic
Doug McElroy
38. Hemodialysis patients, effects of infections by SARS-CoV-2 and vaccines' response
Jose Jesus Broseta, Diana Rodr�guez-Espinosa and Elena Cuadradp-Payan
39. Co-infections with COVID-19: a focus on tuberculosis (TB)
Chijioke Obiwe Onyeani
40. Patients with autoimmune liver disease and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Annarosa Floreani
41. COVID-19 severity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Neven Papic, Branimir Gjurasin and Nina Vrsaljko
42. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on severity of obesity
Asmaa Namoos, Vanessa Sheppard, NourEldin Abosamak, Martin Lavallee, Rana Ramadan, Estelle Eyob, Chen Wang and Tamas Gal
43. The diabetic patient and concomitant conditions rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis and COVID-19
Caglar Eker
44. Tissue location of SARS-CoV-2 RNA: a focus on bone and implications for skeletal health
Edoardo Guazzoni, Andrea Giustina, Luigi Di Filippo, Alberto Castelli and Ferderico Grassi
45. Linking gastrointestinal tract effects of COVID-19 and tryptophan metabolism
Hiroshi Nakase and Yoshihiro Yokoyama
46. Organ damage in SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: a focus on acute kidney injury
G. C. Bhatt, Yogendra Singh Yadav and Tanya Sharma
47. Obesity, COVID-19 severity and mortality
Riecha Joshi, Aarushi Sudan, Akshat Banga, Rahul Kashyap and Vikas Bansal
48. Upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms and complications among COVID-19 patients
Brittany Woods, Priyal Mehta, Gowthami Sai Kogilathota Jagirdhar, Rahul Kashyap and Vikas Bansal
49. The COVID-19 Survivors: impact on skeletal muscle strength
Renata Goncalves Mendes, Alessandro Domingues Heubel, Naiara Tais Leonardi, Stephanie Linares, Vanessa Amaral and Emmanuel Ciolac
VII. Case studies with mini review
50. CASE STUDY: COVID-19-and meningoencephalitis
Mohammad Al-olama
51. CASE STUDY: Oral mucosal lesions in COVID-19
Juliana Amorim dos Santos, Rainier Luiz Carvalho da Silva and Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
52. CASE STUDY: COVID-19 Pneumonia
Bahadir Mehmet Berktas
53. CASE STUDY: Optic neuritis in SARS-CoV-2 infection
M. Rahman
VIII. Resources
54. Recommended Resources Relevant to the Body Systems Involvement and Management of COVID-19
Rajkumar Rajendram
Authors
Rajkumar Rajendram Consultant in Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Dr Rajkumar Rajendram is a clinician scientist with a focus on internal medicine, anaesthesia, intensive care and peri-operative medicine. He graduated with distinctions from Guy's, King's and St. Thomas Medical School, King's College London in 2001. As an undergraduate he was awarded several prizes, merits and distinctions in pre-clinical and clinical subjects.
Dr Rajendram began his post-graduate medical training in general medicine and intensive care in Oxford. He attained membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 2004 and completed specialist training in acute and general medicine in Oxford in 2010. Dr Rajendram subsequently practiced as a Consultant in Acute General Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.
Dr Rajendram also trained in anaesthesia and intensive care in London and was awarded a fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) in 2009. He completed advanced training in regional anaesthesia and intensive care. He was awarded a fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) in 2013 and obtained the European diploma of intensive care medicine (EDIC) in 2014. He then moved to the Royal Free London Hospitals as a Consultant in Intensive Care, Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine. He has been a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCP Edin) and the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP Lond) since 2017 and 2019 respectively. He is currently a Consultant in Internal Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Dr Rajendram's focus on improving outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has involved research on point of care ultrasound and phenotypes of COVID-19. Dr Rajendram also recognises that nutritional support is a fundamental aspect of medical care. This is particularly important for patients with COVID-19. As a clinician scientist he has therefore devoted significant time and effort into nutritional science research and education. He is an affiliated member of the Nutritional Sciences Research Division of King's College London and has published over 400 textbook chapters, review articles, peer-reviewed papers and abstracts.
Victor R Preedy Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK Visiting Professor, University of Hull, UK. Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King's College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King's College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King's College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books. Vinood Patel Professor, University Westminster, UK. Vinood B. Patel, BSc, PhD, FRSC, is currently Professor in Clinical Biochemistry at the University of Westminster. In 2014 Dr Patel was elected as a Fellow to The Royal Society of Chemistry. Dr Patel graduated from the University of Portsmouth with a degree in Pharmacology and completed his PhD in protein metabolism from King's College London in 1997. His postdoctoral work was carried out at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical School, NC, USA studying structural-functional alterations to mitochondrial ribosomes, where he developed novel techniques to characterize their biophysical properties. Research is being undertaken to study the role of nutrients, antioxidants, phytochemicals, iron, alcohol and fatty acids in the pathophysiology of liver disease. Other areas of interest are identifying new biomarkers that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and understanding mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurological disorders and iron dysregulation in diabetes. Dr Patel is a nationally and internationally recognized researcher and has several edited biomedical books related to the use or investigation of active agents or components. These books include The Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics, Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition, Cancer: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Toxicology: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Molecular Nutrition: Vitamins, The Neuroscience of Pain, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. He is Editor of the ten-volume series Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications Colin R Martin Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director: Institute for Health and Wellbeing, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK. Colin R. Martin RN, BSc, MSc, PhD, MBA, YCAP, FHEA, C.Psychol, AFBPsS, C.Sci is Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director of the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Suffolk, UK. He is a Chartered Health Psychologist and a Chartered Scientist. He also trained in analytical biochemistry, this aspect reflecting the psychobiological focus of much of his research within mental health. He has published or has in press well over 300 research papers and book chapters. He is a keen book author and editor having written and/or edited more than 50 books. These outputs include the prophetic insight into the treatment of neurological disease, Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition (2011), Nanomedicine and the Nervous System (2012), Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants in Neurological Disease (2020), Zika Virus Impact, Diagnosis, Control and Models (2021), Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior and Diet (2021), Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (2022), The Neurobiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Pain (2022) and The Handbook of Lifespan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Childhood, Adolescence, Pregnancy, Adulthood, and Aging (2023). Professor Martin is particularly interested in all aspects of the relationship between underlying physiological substrates and behavior, particularly in how these relationships manifest in both acute and chronic psychiatric disorder. He has published original research germane to significant mental health disorders including the areas of schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, alcohol and drug dependency, high secure forensic mental health and personality disorder. He has a keen interest in the impact of postviral illness and is actively involved in clinical research post-Covid pandemic and in particular, the impact of Long Covid on psychological, neurological, physiological and social functioning. He is involved in collaborative International research with many European and Non-European countries.
