Genetics of Bone Biology and Skeletal Disease. Edition No. 3

Table of Contents

PART 1: GENERAL BACKGROUND TO GENETICS AND 'OMICS
1. Introduction to Genetics of Skeletal and Mineral Metabolic Diseases
2. Genome-Sequencing and Big data analysis
3. Genome-Wide Association Studies
4. Epigenetics
5. Multi-omics approaches in bone research
6. Functional Genomics
7. Organ-on-Chips
8. Mouse Models: Approaches to Generate In Vivo Models for Hereditary Disorders of Mineral and Skeletal
9. Emerging therapeutic approaches (including gene therapy) for Skeletal Diseases
10. Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics of Osteoporosis: Personalized Medicine Outlook
11. Drug discovery in the era of cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM)

PART 2: GENERAL BACKGROUND TO BONE BIOLOGY
12. Biology of Bone and Cartilage
13. Overview of Bone Structure and Strength
14. Overview of Joint and Cartilage Biology
15. Osteocyte Biology
16. Skeletal Stem Cells/Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
17. Osteoimmunology
18. Senescence in Bone Disease
19. Chronobiology and clock genes, relevance to musculoskeletal health
20. Mechano-sensing in skeletal biology
21. Hypoxia signalling bone and cartilage
22. Integrating Endocrine and Paracrine Influences on Bone; Lessons from Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid
23. Genetics of Bone Fat and Energy Regulation
24. The Cross Talk Between the Central Nervous System, Bone, and Energy Metabolism
25. Fetal Control of Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis
26. Control of Mineral and Skeletal Homeostasis During Pregnancy and Lactation

PART 3: DISORDERS OF BONE AND JOINT
27. Gene discoveries and novel therapies in monogenic low and high bone mass disorders.
28. Osteoporosis
29. Osteogenesis Imperfecta
30. Osteoarthritis: Genetic Studies of Monogenic and Complex Forms
31. Mendelian Disorders of RANKL/OPG/RANK/NF-?B Signalling
32. Skeletal Dysplasias
33. Hypophosphatasia and How Alkaline Phosphatase Promotes Mineralization
34. Sclerosing Bone Dysplasias
35. Melorheostosis
36. Fibrodysplasia (Myositis) Ossificans Progressiva
37. Craniosynostosis
38. Disorders and Mechanisms of Ectopic Calcification
39. Thyroid Hormone in Bone and Joint Disorders

PART 4: PARATHYROID AND RELATED DISORDER
40. Hyperparathyroidism
41. Hypoparathyroidism
42. Gs?, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Fibrous Dysplasia, and McCune-Albright Syndrome
43. Genetic Disorders Caused by Mutations in the PTH/PTHrP Receptor, its Ligands, and Downstream Effector Molecules
44. Genetically Determined Disorders of Extracellular Calcium (Cao2+) Sensing and Cao2+ Homeostasis
45. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes

PART 5: VITAMIN D AND RENAL DISORDERS
46. Genetic Disorders of Vitamin D Synthesis and Action
47. X-linked hypophosphataemia
48. Heritable Renal Phosphate Wasting Disorders
49. Genetics of Hypercalciuria and Kidney Stones

Authors

Rajesh V. Thakker Professor of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK. Professor Thakker has been May Professor of Medicine since 1999 and heads a group of scientists that investigate the pathophysiology of human diseases. This team has carried out analyses of more than 15 disorders, with identification of defective genes and functional studies that explain disease phenotypes. This resulted in the elucidation of signaling and regulatory pathways downstream of the calcium-sensing receptor and their physiological relevance; molecular mechanisms of endocrine tumor formation and potential new therapeutic targets; and molecular and cellular aspects of renal tubular physiology.

Professor Thakker's work has been internationally recognized and received awards including the Louis V. Avioli Founder's Award from the ASBMR; the Parathyroid Medal from the FRB; the Jack W. Coburn Endowed Lectureship from the ASN; the International Research Prize from the ASBMR; and the Dale Medal from the Society for Endocrinology. Professor Thakker was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2014. Michael P. Whyte Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, USA. Michael P. Whyte, M.D. is Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Genetics at the Washington University School of Medicine, a staff member of Barnes-Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children's Hospital, and Medical-Scientific Director at the Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children in St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Whyte's research interests include the cause, outcome, and treatment of heritable disorders of bone and mineral metabolism in children and adults. Included are genetic forms of rickets such as hypophosphatasia and X-linked hypophosphatemia, brittle bone diseases like osteogenesis imperfecta, conditions that cause dense bones such as osteopetrosis, and disorders of accelerated skeletal turnover including juvenile Paget's disease. Dr. Whyte has authored or coauthored more than 300 scientific papers or book chapters concerning these disorders. John Eisman President and CEO, National Center of Child Health and Development, Australia. John Eisman AO is Director of Clinical Translation and Advanced Education at Garvan. From 1984 to December 2011, he was Garvan's Director of Osteoporosis and Bone Biology. Professor Eisman was Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, is a past member of the Board of the International Bone and Mineral Society and of the Council of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. He is a co-founder and past-President of the Australia and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society. The focus of Professor Eisman's research is the epidemiology and genetics of osteoporosis, encompassing population, family, and twin studies as well as molecular and cellular mechanisms for gene effects. His major commitment and focus are translating osteoporosis research findings to real improvements in health care delivery to the general community through the education of patients and their doctors. Takashi Igarashi Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Mejirodai, Japan. Takashi Igarashiworks in the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Mejirodai, Japan.