Fundamentals of Space Medicine and Clinical Technology

Table of Contents

Section 1: Physiological changes in space
1. Cardiac changes in space
2. Skeletal muscle adaptations to spaceflight: mechanisms and countermeasures
3. Neurological adaptations to spaceflight
4. Immune dysfunction
5. Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome
6. Viral evolution in the cosmos
7. Astronaut multi-omics
8. Metabolic and endocrine changes in spaceflight
9. Reproduction and obstetrics in space
10. Immunometabolism in space
11. Effects of altered gravity on the liver
12. Dermatologic conditions in space
13. Circadian rhythm changes in space
14. Ocular surface, anterior segment, and lens in spaceflight
15. MicroRNAs in space: biomarkers for health risk assessment and targets for countermeasures
16. Gut microbiota and intervention of probiotics in spaceflight
Section 2: Space medicine technology and countermeasures
18. Spacesuits and extravehicular activity
19. Ultrasound in space
20. Hybrid training system in space flight
21. Regenerative medicine in space
22. Digital clinicians in spaceflight and off-Earth habitation
23. Bone health countermeasures
24. Precision medicine in human spaceflight: applying systems thinking to principles, concepts, and methods of assessment
25. Virtual and augmented reality in space
26. Artificial intelligence in space
27. Advanced technologies in deep space exploration and clinical applications
28. Organoid research in space for human health
29. Open science in space medicine: perspectives following the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Open Science Sessions for early career researchers
30. Eye tracking during spaceflight: current technology and future directions for spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome
31. Short-arm centrifuge artificial gravity for space station
32. LASER body mass measurement device
33. Space station atmosphere lint mitigation
34. Health impacts of radiation in space and countermeasures
35. Advancing surgical autonomy in space: microgravity-optimized procedures, technologies, and countermeasures for the International Space Station

Authors

Ethan Waisberg Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Dr. Ethan Waisberg is an Academic Foundation Doctor at the University of Cambridge, in the UK. He conducts research in Spaceflight Associate Neuro-Ocular Syndrome, is a member of of NASA's Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Working Group and has co-published leading papers in space medicine, neuro-ophthalmology, extended reality, and artificial intelligence. Joshua Ong Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Joshua Ong, MD is a resident physician with a passion for protecting astronaut health. He has conducted research on several space medicine research projects, including a project that launched into space. He has presented at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Human Research Program Investigators' Workshop and strives to continue his lifelong journey in ophthalmology and space medicine. Andrew G. Lee Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States; Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. Dr. Lee began his academic career in 1994 as an Instructor in the Department of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery at Baylor College of Medicine, becoming an Associate Professor in 1998. In 2000, he joined the University of Iowa as an Associate Professor and later became a full Professor. He serves on the editorial boards of 12 journals, including the American Journal of Ophthalmology, and is the Editor in Chief of the Journal of Academic Ophthalmology. A recipient of multiple awards from the American Academy of Ophthalmology, Dr. Lee has a strong interest in resident training and has published extensively on teaching methods in ophthalmology residency programs. In 2009, he joined Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, where he currently serves as Chair of the Blanton Eye Institute and is a Professor at Weill Cornell Medical College.