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                      Iron flow batteries are a type of rechargeable battery that uses iron as its primary energy storage component. This technology falls under the broader category of redox flow batteries (RFB), which function on the principle of electrochemical reduction and oxidation of elements to store energy. Distinct from solid-state batteries like lithium-ion, iron flow batteries circulate a liquid solution containing iron salts through an electrochemical cell during charging and discharging cycles. 
The    advantages of iron flow batteries include their scalability, relatively low cost due to the abundance of iron, and environmental safety, as they do not use rare or hazardous materials. Furthermore, they offer long cycle lives and are particularly well-suited for stationary applications, such as grid energy storage where long-duration energy storage is beneficial for managing intermittent renewable energy sources like solar and wind power.
In the last paragraph of this response, a number of companies active in the iron flow battery market are listed, showcasing the diverse industry engagement:
- ESS Inc.
- ViZn Energy
- Energy Storage Systems
- redT Energy (merged with Avalon Battery to form Invinity Energy Systems)
- VoltStorage
These companies are at various stages of technology development and commercial deployment, contributing to advancements in the energy storage sector through research and the implementation of iron flow battery systems. Show Less   Read more